Re: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
In a message dated 9/24/02 9:47:03 AM Central Daylight Time, jrbar...@iglou.com writes: I agree with Warren that electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing is the most important single immunity test that you can run during development Here I beg to differ, Fast transient Burst has been the most significant problem identifier I've found for digital systems. For analogue ( Spelt correctly :-) ), Conducted immunity is my first choice... Cheers, Derek.
Re: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
Hi Warren, My charge includes the test reports... I've made it so the data collection process writes the report for me. All I have to do is modify a generic front section. Total time about 3 hours... I'm sure other labs have done similar processes. Cheers, Derek.
Re: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
Jim, as I see it, EFT and Surge are not a whole lot different except for the amount of power in the surge pulses. Surge is pretty much a test of the power supply's ability to handle the power and not pass it to the secondary circuitry. I believe that a good line filter coupled with the use of a power supply that also has a CE mark and has passed surge testing constitutes a pretty good design and hence my comments about reciprocity between low emissions and high immunity resistance. We did have experience with one switching power supply which failed surge testing where the design folks decided to forego the line filter for cost reasons. I hate that, because it usually means we spend more money solving the failure issues over what the savings are in the design. The fix required the power supply manufacturer to put a sleeve over one set of windings which was arcing, the cost of which was passed on to us since it was a special, so to speak. There were no signal integrity issues. Warren Birmingham Epsilon-Mu Consultants On Tuesday, Sep 24, 2002, at 10:32 US/Pacific, Jim Eichner wrote: Thanks to all who have responded so far. One note of clarification: we are already set up for doing ESD testing in-house, and I agree that's where most of our failures will happen. I also agree that much of the immunity suite will take care of itself on a well designed unit that has low emissions, but I don't think that's true with surge. Maybe EFT, but not surge. Note: please refrain from replying both to me and to the forum - you only need to reply to the forum. I suspect some, but by no means all, of our double-posting complaints stem from people sending 2 replies. Having said that, I am getting 3 of everything this morning! Thanks, Jim Eichner, P.Eng. Regulatory Compliance Manager Xantrex Technology Inc. e-mail: jim.eich...@xantrex.com web: www.xantrex.com Any opinions expressed are those of my invisible friend, who really exists. Honest. No really. Confidentiality Notice: This email message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message. -Original Message- From: Jim Eichner [mailto:jim.eich...@xantrex.com] Sent: Monday, September 23, 2002 2:45 PM To: 'EMC-PSTC - forum' Subject: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports We are starting to look into the costs and issues around gearing up for some immunity testing, with the intent of determining whether or not it is too hard or too expensive to gear up to do some of it at home. We are not looking for final formal compliance results here, only for pre-compliance peace of mind. In particular, I need to consider the following: 1. EFT (EN61000-4-4) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 2. Surges (EN 61000-4-5) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 3. Surges (SAE J1113/11) on DC power leads 4. Fast transients (SAE J1113/12) on other than power leads The products which we hope to be able to test in-house are power conversion and control products, and have a wide range of input/output voltages and power: - AC inputs up to 120V, 60A, or 230Vac, 30A single-phase, 120/240V, 50A, split-phase, and 120/208V, 30A, 3-phase - AC outputs up to 120Vac, 60A, 230Vac, 30A, 120/240V, 50A split-phase - DC inputs up to 12V, 500A; 24V, 300A; 48V, 200A - DC outputs up to 12kW at 10 - 600Vdc (1200A - 20A) Questions: 1. Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do both Surge and EFT tests on equipment, or are these tests just too different? 2. Surge - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do surges on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 3. EFT - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do EFT on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 4. Do these tests have to be run at full output (which may limit my ability to find 3rd party labs with suitable equipment, let alone gear up in-house) or can they be run with a light load on the equipment and then test full output after each test to confirm return to normal operation? Thanks in advance for your help, Jim Eichner, P.Eng. Regulatory Compliance Manager Xantrex Technology Inc. e-mail: jim.eich...@xantrex.com web: www.xantrex.com Any opinions expressed are those of my invisible friend, who really exists. Honest. No, really. Confidentiality Notice: This email
RE: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
Thanks to all who have responded so far. One note of clarification: we are already set up for doing ESD testing in-house, and I agree that's where most of our failures will happen. I also agree that much of the immunity suite will take care of itself on a well designed unit that has low emissions, but I don't think that's true with surge. Maybe EFT, but not surge. Note: please refrain from replying both to me and to the forum - you only need to reply to the forum. I suspect some, but by no means all, of our double-posting complaints stem from people sending 2 replies. Having said that, I am getting 3 of everything this morning! Thanks, Jim Eichner, P.Eng. Regulatory Compliance Manager Xantrex Technology Inc. e-mail: jim.eich...@xantrex.com web: www.xantrex.com Any opinions expressed are those of my invisible friend, who really exists. Honest. No really. Confidentiality Notice: This email message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message. -Original Message- From: Jim Eichner [mailto:jim.eich...@xantrex.com] Sent: Monday, September 23, 2002 2:45 PM To: 'EMC-PSTC - forum' Subject: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports We are starting to look into the costs and issues around gearing up for some immunity testing, with the intent of determining whether or not it is too hard or too expensive to gear up to do some of it at home. We are not looking for final formal compliance results here, only for pre-compliance peace of mind. In particular, I need to consider the following: 1. EFT (EN61000-4-4) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 2. Surges (EN 61000-4-5) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 3. Surges (SAE J1113/11) on DC power leads 4. Fast transients (SAE J1113/12) on other than power leads The products which we hope to be able to test in-house are power conversion and control products, and have a wide range of input/output voltages and power: - AC inputs up to 120V, 60A, or 230Vac, 30A single-phase, 120/240V, 50A, split-phase, and 120/208V, 30A, 3-phase - AC outputs up to 120Vac, 60A, 230Vac, 30A, 120/240V, 50A split-phase - DC inputs up to 12V, 500A; 24V, 300A; 48V, 200A - DC outputs up to 12kW at 10 - 600Vdc (1200A - 20A) Questions: 1. Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do both Surge and EFT tests on equipment, or are these tests just too different? 2. Surge - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do surges on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 3. EFT - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do EFT on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 4. Do these tests have to be run at full output (which may limit my ability to find 3rd party labs with suitable equipment, let alone gear up in-house) or can they be run with a light load on the equipment and then test full output after each test to confirm return to normal operation? Thanks in advance for your help, Jim Eichner, P.Eng. Regulatory Compliance Manager Xantrex Technology Inc. e-mail: jim.eich...@xantrex.com web: www.xantrex.com Any opinions expressed are those of my invisible friend, who really exists. Honest. No, really. Confidentiality Notice: This email message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message. --- This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product Safety Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list. Visit our web site at: http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/emcs/pstc/ To cancel your subscription, send mail to: majord...@ieee.org with the single line: unsubscribe emc-pstc For help, send mail to the list administrators: Ron Pickard: emc-p...@hypercom.com Dave Heald: davehe...@attbi.com For policy questions, send mail to: Richard Nute: ri...@ieee.org Jim Bacher: j.bac...@ieee.org All emc-pstc postings are archived and searchable on the web at: http://ieeepstc.mindcruiser.com/ Click on browse and then emc-pstc
RE: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
Apparently depends where in the world you are. $4,500 with reports for immunity is about right around here, Washington State - and from what I know of the California fees (I've done a bit of testing there) for immunity they are very close and the radiated expenses are more related to the cost of the facility - 10 meter shielded room or OATS. Gary -Original Message- From: Warren Birmingham [mailto:war...@comfortjets.com] Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2002 5:34 AM To: lfresea...@aol.com Cc: jim.eich...@xantrex.com; emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org Subject: Re: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports When you consider the cost of reports I think the cost goes up from $4500. Two of the labs I use, cost runs about $5000 for the immunity testing only plus cost of reports, give or take a few nickels. Warren On Monday, Sep 23, 2002, at 19:30 US/Pacific, lfresea...@aol.com wrote: In a message dated 9/23/02 9:05:08 PM Central Daylight Time, war...@comfortjets.com writes: A suite of testing runs about $6000 for immunity for ITE equipment to meet EN 55 024 without even talking about the Radiated Immunity requirements equipment and a chamber. You are going to likely have to do this subset of testing anyway if you want a credible report as evidence of self-declaration. The costs of emissions and immunity testing with reports is around $7000 and is a clean approach both financially and in timeline if you do some chamber tests first for emissions, say a 2-hour scan in a chamber. Emissions and immunity testing are somewhat coupled in that a device that is a low radiator is also likely to have good resistance to susceptibility, but not always. This is most often true of metal shielded enclosures and those with shielded I/O cables. Hi Warren, I think your test costs seem a little high, I won't say what I charge for fear of being accused of commercialism. But a number of labs, good labs, will charge under $4,500 for a full set of tests There is a good deal of new equipment coming out from vendors too, which may mean a flood of used, but still good equipment. E-bay is a source for this. Cheers, Derek Walton L F Research --- This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product Safety Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list. Visit our web site at: http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/emcs/pstc/ To cancel your subscription, send mail to: majord...@ieee.org with the single line: unsubscribe emc-pstc For help, send mail to the list administrators: Ron Pickard: emc-p...@hypercom.com Dave Heald: davehe...@attbi.com For policy questions, send mail to: Richard Nute: ri...@ieee.org Jim Bacher: j.bac...@ieee.org All emc-pstc postings are archived and searchable on the web at: http://ieeepstc.mindcruiser.com/ Click on browse and then emc-pstc mailing list --- This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product Safety Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list. Visit our web site at: http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/emcs/pstc/ To cancel your subscription, send mail to: majord...@ieee.org with the single line: unsubscribe emc-pstc For help, send mail to the list administrators: Ron Pickard: emc-p...@hypercom.com Dave Heald: davehe...@attbi.com For policy questions, send mail to: Richard Nute: ri...@ieee.org Jim Bacher: j.bac...@ieee.org All emc-pstc postings are archived and searchable on the web at: http://ieeepstc.mindcruiser.com/ Click on browse and then emc-pstc mailing list
RE: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
Fear all, Full set of rated emission and immunity tests in Israel will cost $3500 max. This e-mail message may contain privileged or confidential information. If you are not the intended recipient, you may not disclose, use, disseminate, distribute, copy or rely upon this message or attachment in any way. If you received this e-mail message in error, please return by forwarding the message and its attachments to the sender. PETER S. MERGUERIAN Technical Director I.T.L. (Product Testing) Ltd. 26 Hacharoshet St., POB 211 Or Yehuda 60251, Israel Tel: + 972-(0)3-5339022 Fax: + 972-(0)3-5339019 Mobile: + 972-(0)54-838175 http://www.itl.co.il http://www.itl.co.il/ http://www.i-spec.com http://www.i-spec.com/ -Original Message- From: lfresea...@aol.com [mailto:lfresea...@aol.com] Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2002 4:30 AM To: war...@comfortjets.com; jim.eich...@xantrex.com Cc: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org Subject: Re: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports In a message dated 9/23/02 9:05:08 PM Central Daylight Time, war...@comfortjets.com writes: A suite of testing runs about $6000 for immunity for ITE equipment to meet EN 55 024 without even talking about the Radiated Immunity requirements equipment and a chamber. You are going to likely have to do this subset of testing anyway if you want a credible report as evidence of self-declaration. The costs of emissions and immunity testing with reports is around $7000 and is a clean approach both financially and in timeline if you do some chamber tests first for emissions, say a 2-hour scan in a chamber. Emissions and immunity testing are somewhat coupled in that a device that is a low radiator is also likely to have good resistance to susceptibility, but not always. This is most often true of metal shielded enclosures and those with shielded I/O cables. Hi Warren, I think your test costs seem a little high, I won't say what I charge for fear of being accused of commercialism. But a number of labs, good labs, will charge under $4,500 for a full set of tests There is a good deal of new equipment coming out from vendors too, which may mean a flood of used, but still good equipment. E-bay is a source for this. Cheers, Derek Walton L F Research
RE: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
Jim, Having run a test lab in a previous life, I'd have to say that the price mentioned is _way_ high since it doesn't include radiated immunity. What's a little unusual is your very high power demands. I suspect there are not more than a dozen labs in the US that can deal with 500 Amp DC inputs and 12kW outputs. There may be a premium there. Respectfully, Brent DeWitt -Original Message- From: owner-emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org [mailto:owner-emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org]On Behalf Of Warren Birmingham Sent: Monday, September 23, 2002 8:03 PM To: Jim Eichner Cc: emc-p...@majordomo.ieee.org Subject: Re: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports Jim, it is just my opinion, but well-designed equipment does not have much risk of failure for the majority of the tests. The one test that is worth some investment is an ESD test device. I believe that this is the most commonly-failed test and often the most difficult to correct without some insight. The remainder of the equipment you will need will cost about $60,000 and given that you may spend test money at a laboratory anyway is likely not worth it unless you are a very big manufacturer that can benefit from ISO 9000:2000 without doing the 3rd party testing. As a minimum, you are likely going to have to deal with calibration and service issues and the delays associated with them. A suite of testing runs about $6000 for immunity for ITE equipment to meet EN 55 024 without even talking about the Radiated Immunity requirements equipment and a chamber. You are going to likely have to do this subset of testing anyway if you want a credible report as evidence of self-declaration. The costs of emissions and immunity testing with reports is around $7000 and is a clean approach both financially and in timeline if you do some chamber tests first for emissions, say a 2-hour scan in a chamber. Emissions and immunity testing are somewhat coupled in that a device that is a low radiator is also likely to have good resistance to susceptibility, but not always. This is most often true of metal shielded enclosures and those with shielded I/O cables. If you want to give me a call I'll share what I know. Warren Birmingham Epsilon-Mu Consultants (510) 793-4806 email: war...@epsilon-mu.com website: http://www.epsilon-mu.com On Monday, Sep 23, 2002, at 14:44 US/Pacific, Jim Eichner wrote: We are starting to look into the costs and issues around gearing up for some immunity testing, with the intent of determining whether or not it is too hard or too expensive to gear up to do some of it at home. We are not looking for final formal compliance results here, only for pre-compliance peace of mind. In particular, I need to consider the following: 1. EFT (EN61000-4-4) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 2. Surges (EN 61000-4-5) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 3. Surges (SAE J1113/11) on DC power leads 4. Fast transients (SAE J1113/12) on other than power leads The products which we hope to be able to test in-house are power conversion and control products, and have a wide range of input/output voltages and power: - AC inputs up to 120V, 60A, or 230Vac, 30A single-phase, 120/240V, 50A, split-phase, and 120/208V, 30A, 3-phase - AC outputs up to 120Vac, 60A, 230Vac, 30A, 120/240V, 50A split-phase - DC inputs up to 12V, 500A; 24V, 300A; 48V, 200A - DC outputs up to 12kW at 10 - 600Vdc (1200A - 20A) Questions: 1. Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do both Surge and EFT tests on equipment, or are these tests just too different? 2. Surge - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do surges on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 3. EFT - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do EFT on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 4. Do these tests have to be run at full output (which may limit my ability to find 3rd party labs with suitable equipment, let alone gear up in-house) or can they be run with a light load on the equipment and then test full output after each test to confirm return to normal operation? Thanks in advance for your help, Jim Eichner, P.Eng. Regulatory Compliance Manager Xantrex Technology Inc. e-mail: jim.eich...@xantrex.com web: www.xantrex.com Any opinions expressed are those of my invisible friend, who really exists. Honest. No, really. Confidentiality Notice: This email message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure
Re: Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
Jim, it is just my opinion, but well-designed equipment does not have much risk of failure for the majority of the tests. The one test that is worth some investment is an ESD test device. I believe that this is the most commonly-failed test and often the most difficult to correct without some insight. The remainder of the equipment you will need will cost about $60,000 and given that you may spend test money at a laboratory anyway is likely not worth it unless you are a very big manufacturer that can benefit from ISO 9000:2000 without doing the 3rd party testing. As a minimum, you are likely going to have to deal with calibration and service issues and the delays associated with them. A suite of testing runs about $6000 for immunity for ITE equipment to meet EN 55 024 without even talking about the Radiated Immunity requirements equipment and a chamber. You are going to likely have to do this subset of testing anyway if you want a credible report as evidence of self-declaration. The costs of emissions and immunity testing with reports is around $7000 and is a clean approach both financially and in timeline if you do some chamber tests first for emissions, say a 2-hour scan in a chamber. Emissions and immunity testing are somewhat coupled in that a device that is a low radiator is also likely to have good resistance to susceptibility, but not always. This is most often true of metal shielded enclosures and those with shielded I/O cables. If you want to give me a call I'll share what I know. Warren Birmingham Epsilon-Mu Consultants (510) 793-4806 email: war...@epsilon-mu.com website: http://www.epsilon-mu.com On Monday, Sep 23, 2002, at 14:44 US/Pacific, Jim Eichner wrote: We are starting to look into the costs and issues around gearing up for some immunity testing, with the intent of determining whether or not it is too hard or too expensive to gear up to do some of it at home. We are not looking for final formal compliance results here, only for pre-compliance peace of mind. In particular, I need to consider the following: 1. EFT (EN61000-4-4) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 2. Surges (EN 61000-4-5) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 3. Surges (SAE J1113/11) on DC power leads 4. Fast transients (SAE J1113/12) on other than power leads The products which we hope to be able to test in-house are power conversion and control products, and have a wide range of input/output voltages and power: - AC inputs up to 120V, 60A, or 230Vac, 30A single-phase, 120/240V, 50A, split-phase, and 120/208V, 30A, 3-phase - AC outputs up to 120Vac, 60A, 230Vac, 30A, 120/240V, 50A split-phase - DC inputs up to 12V, 500A; 24V, 300A; 48V, 200A - DC outputs up to 12kW at 10 - 600Vdc (1200A - 20A) Questions: 1. Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do both Surge and EFT tests on equipment, or are these tests just too different? 2. Surge - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do surges on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 3. EFT - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do EFT on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 4. Do these tests have to be run at full output (which may limit my ability to find 3rd party labs with suitable equipment, let alone gear up in-house) or can they be run with a light load on the equipment and then test full output after each test to confirm return to normal operation? Thanks in advance for your help, Jim Eichner, P.Eng. Regulatory Compliance Manager Xantrex Technology Inc. e-mail: jim.eich...@xantrex.com web: www.xantrex.com Any opinions expressed are those of my invisible friend, who really exists. Honest. No, really. Confidentiality Notice: This email message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message. --- This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product Safety Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list. Visit our web site at: http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/emcs/pstc/ To cancel your subscription, send mail to: majord...@ieee.org with the single line: unsubscribe emc-pstc For help, send mail to the list administrators: Ron Pickard: emc-p...@hypercom.com Dave Heald: davehe...@attbi.com For policy questions, send mail to:
Surge and EFT test equipment for AC, DC, and signal ports
We are starting to look into the costs and issues around gearing up for some immunity testing, with the intent of determining whether or not it is too hard or too expensive to gear up to do some of it at home. We are not looking for final formal compliance results here, only for pre-compliance peace of mind. In particular, I need to consider the following: 1. EFT (EN61000-4-4) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 2. Surges (EN 61000-4-5) - AC input, output, and ground lines, DC input and output lines, signal/control lines 3. Surges (SAE J1113/11) on DC power leads 4. Fast transients (SAE J1113/12) on other than power leads The products which we hope to be able to test in-house are power conversion and control products, and have a wide range of input/output voltages and power: - AC inputs up to 120V, 60A, or 230Vac, 30A single-phase, 120/240V, 50A, split-phase, and 120/208V, 30A, 3-phase - AC outputs up to 120Vac, 60A, 230Vac, 30A, 120/240V, 50A split-phase - DC inputs up to 12V, 500A; 24V, 300A; 48V, 200A - DC outputs up to 12kW at 10 - 600Vdc (1200A - 20A) Questions: 1. Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do both Surge and EFT tests on equipment, or are these tests just too different? 2. Surge - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do surges on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 3. EFT - Is there any single piece of equipment (with accessories/modules/etc.) available that can do EFT on all these types of ports: AC and DC and signal/control? Any info re mfr, cat. no., price, etc. would be appreciated. 4. Do these tests have to be run at full output (which may limit my ability to find 3rd party labs with suitable equipment, let alone gear up in-house) or can they be run with a light load on the equipment and then test full output after each test to confirm return to normal operation? Thanks in advance for your help, Jim Eichner, P.Eng. Regulatory Compliance Manager Xantrex Technology Inc. e-mail: jim.eich...@xantrex.com web: www.xantrex.com Any opinions expressed are those of my invisible friend, who really exists. Honest. No, really. Confidentiality Notice: This email message, including any attachments, is for the sole use of the intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privileged information. Any unauthorized review, use, disclosure or distribution is prohibited. If you are not the intended recipient, please contact the sender by reply e-mail and destroy all copies of the original message. --- This message is from the IEEE EMC Society Product Safety Technical Committee emc-pstc discussion list. Visit our web site at: http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/emcs/pstc/ To cancel your subscription, send mail to: majord...@ieee.org with the single line: unsubscribe emc-pstc For help, send mail to the list administrators: Ron Pickard: emc-p...@hypercom.com Dave Heald: davehe...@attbi.com For policy questions, send mail to: Richard Nute: ri...@ieee.org Jim Bacher: j.bac...@ieee.org All emc-pstc postings are archived and searchable on the web at: http://ieeepstc.mindcruiser.com/ Click on browse and then emc-pstc mailing list
