Re: fsck UNREF FILE
On Mon, Jan 02, 2023 at 05:53:25PM -0800, Randall wrote: > After my OpenBSD 7.2 box lost power, bootup halted when rc ran fsck which > reported problems with inodes. At the root prompt, I ran fsck and answered > 'y' to each prompt. Now, in normal mode, running fsck reports a few > unreferenced files, auto-answers "no" to its "CLEAR?" prompt, and continues. > > $ sudo fsck > > ... > > ** /dev/sd0f (1cc70a7feb167ca7.f) (NO WRITE) > ** Last Mounted on /usr > ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes > ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames > ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity > ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts > UNREF FILE I=1710838 OWNER=root MODE=100444 > SIZE=2935688 MTIME=Jan 1 15:44 2023 > CLEAR? no > > UNREF FILE I=2799427 OWNER=root MODE=100444 > SIZE=220408 MTIME=Jan 1 15:44 2023 > CLEAR? no > > ** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups > 16199 files, 373887 used, 14859799 free (447 frags, 1857419 blocks, 0.0% > fragmentation) > > ... > > 1 files, 1 used, 1520726 free (14 frags, 190089 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation) > ** /dev/sd0e (1cc70a7feb167ca7.e) (NO WRITE) > ** Last Mounted on /var > ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes > ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames > ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity > ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts > UNREF FILE I=518412 OWNER=root MODE=100444 > SIZE=11479 MTIME=Jan 1 15:44 2023 > CLEAR? no > > ** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups > 404 files, 15061 used, 4232530 free (226 frags, 529038 blocks, 0.0% > fragmentation) > > Why does fsck say "NO WRITE" for each partition? Is this why it auto-answers > "no" to the "CLEAR?" question? > > --Randall > When yo run fsck on an mounted filesystem, fsck does not write. That's why it auto-answer "no" to each question. Unmount the file system and try again. You might need to go to single-user mode for that. -Otto
回复: Softraid crypto metadata backup
Thank you for the response. I am with you 100% on backups. My real question was, How does one backup crypto volume metadata? Given that it can be backed up, clearly it should be, but there is no information in any of the cited documentation as to where the metadata is or how to back it up. Thanks! Nathan > Does a softraid(4) crypto volume require metadata backup? (I am > running amd64 OpenBSD 6.9 if it is relevant, will probably > upgrade in the next few months.) > > I understand FreeBSD GELI (e.g.) requires such a backup to protect > against crypto-related metadata corruption rendering the encrypted > volume inaccessible. > > Neither the OpenBSD disk FAQ nor the man pages for softraid(4) or > bioctl(8) have anything to say about the matter. Web searches also > turn up no relevant information. Storage requires backup. Encrypted storage is (by design) more fragile than unencrypted storage. Sounds like you are trying to protect against ONE form of storage failure and avoid the solution you really need to have: a good backup system, to deal with *all* forms of storage failure. I'd suggest a good backup system...to deal with ALL forms of data loss. Yes, encrypted storage implies a certain care has to be taken with the backups as well, you need to pick a solution that is appropriate for your needs -- or accept that yeah, stuff will go bye-bye someday. I don't see a benefit to trying to protect against some single failure mode when all the other failure modes still exist. If you have good backups, you are good. If you don't, dealing with a 1% problem isn't going to change much. Nick.
Re: Softraid crypto metadata backup
On 1/2/23 22:22, Nathan Carruth wrote: Does a softraid(4) crypto volume require metadata backup? (I am running amd64 OpenBSD 6.9 if it is relevant, will probably upgrade in the next few months.) I understand FreeBSD GELI (e.g.) requires such a backup to protect against crypto-related metadata corruption rendering the encrypted volume inaccessible. Neither the OpenBSD disk FAQ nor the man pages for softraid(4) or bioctl(8) have anything to say about the matter. Web searches also turn up no relevant information. Storage requires backup. Encrypted storage is (by design) more fragile than unencrypted storage. Sounds like you are trying to protect against ONE form of storage failure and avoid the solution you really need to have: a good backup system, to deal with *all* forms of storage failure. I'd suggest a good backup system...to deal with ALL forms of data loss. Yes, encrypted storage implies a certain care has to be taken with the backups as well, you need to pick a solution that is appropriate for your needs -- or accept that yeah, stuff will go bye-bye someday. I don't see a benefit to trying to protect against some single failure mode when all the other failure modes still exist. If you have good backups, you are good. If you don't, dealing with a 1% problem isn't going to change much. Nick.
Softraid crypto metadata backup
Does a softraid(4) crypto volume require metadata backup? (I am running amd64 OpenBSD 6.9 if it is relevant, will probably upgrade in the next few months.) I understand FreeBSD GELI (e.g.) requires such a backup to protect against crypto-related metadata corruption rendering the encrypted volume inaccessible. Neither the OpenBSD disk FAQ nor the man pages for softraid(4) or bioctl(8) have anything to say about the matter. Web searches also turn up no relevant information. Thanks, Nathan Carruth
fsck UNREF FILE
After my OpenBSD 7.2 box lost power, bootup halted when rc ran fsck which reported problems with inodes. At the root prompt, I ran fsck and answered 'y' to each prompt. Now, in normal mode, running fsck reports a few unreferenced files, auto-answers "no" to its "CLEAR?" prompt, and continues. $ sudo fsck ... ** /dev/sd0f (1cc70a7feb167ca7.f) (NO WRITE) ** Last Mounted on /usr ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts UNREF FILE I=1710838 OWNER=root MODE=100444 SIZE=2935688 MTIME=Jan 1 15:44 2023 CLEAR? no UNREF FILE I=2799427 OWNER=root MODE=100444 SIZE=220408 MTIME=Jan 1 15:44 2023 CLEAR? no ** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups 16199 files, 373887 used, 14859799 free (447 frags, 1857419 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation) ... 1 files, 1 used, 1520726 free (14 frags, 190089 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation) ** /dev/sd0e (1cc70a7feb167ca7.e) (NO WRITE) ** Last Mounted on /var ** Phase 1 - Check Blocks and Sizes ** Phase 2 - Check Pathnames ** Phase 3 - Check Connectivity ** Phase 4 - Check Reference Counts UNREF FILE I=518412 OWNER=root MODE=100444 SIZE=11479 MTIME=Jan 1 15:44 2023 CLEAR? no ** Phase 5 - Check Cyl groups 404 files, 15061 used, 4232530 free (226 frags, 529038 blocks, 0.0% fragmentation) Why does fsck say "NO WRITE" for each partition? Is this why it auto-answers "no" to the "CLEAR?" question? --Randall
Re: Change (spoof) MAC address
On Mon, 2 Jan 2023 13:44:30 +0100 Tomaž Kokolj wrote: > Hi everyone, > > I've requested a static IP from my ISP a long time ago and I figured > out that my ISP binds my IP based on a MAC address which is connected > to my WAN port. > > I was thinking about switching from Debian Linux to OpenBSD on my > router, but I can't figure out how to change my MAC address. > > I've tried the the following configurations for my /etc/hostname.em0 > (I'm testing this in VirtualBox): > # > inet autoconf lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > # > > # > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > inet autoconf > # > > # > inet autoconf > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > # > In all of those configurations, my lladdr gets changed to > 00:11:22:33:44:55 but the inet line is missing from ifconfig which > means that my network isn't working. > > I have found this old (2012) blog post: > https://andrewmemory.wordpress.com/2012/12/06/changing-mac-address-on-openbsd/ > > Which suggested: > "Linux has /etc/network/interfaces, and OpenBSD has /etc/hostname.if. > I just changed my /etc/hostname.vr1 to: > > dhcp lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > > and I was requesting an IP address using my new MAC address" > > If I do that my inet line is present and my network/internet is > working, but my lladdr line isn't changed. > > Any suggestions? > > Best regards, > Tomaz My ISPs (one at the house, one at my son's apartment) have the same setup and I'm using this in /etc/hostname.em0 > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > inet autoconf This will give the correct IP address in both cases. Good luck
Re: Change (spoof) MAC address
On Mon Jan 2, 2023 at 5:36 PM CET, Tomaž Kokolj wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Thank you for the reply.
>
> > Read the hostname.if(5) man page and focus on STATIC ADDRESS CONFIGURATION
> > part paragraph options aka you can't mix (at least that's what's written)
> > autoconf with static addressing (which your ISP provides, right?) and you
> > can't use options (like lladdr) without configuring IP/netmask at same
> time.
>
> I may have written this incorrectly.
> My ISP provides dynamic IPs via DHCP. I have requested a fixed IP address
> which they have bound to my MAC address on my WAN port.
> Which means that whenever I change my hardware I need to spoof my MAC
> address or I will get a random IP address.
> So the autoconf option should be the valid and correct way.
>
> > That is quite outdated document of course, but dhcp is shortcut for
> > 'inet autoconf'
>
> > Plus classic dhclient is going away and instead dhcpleased(8) is used.
>
> > So look in dhcpleased.conf(5) and use option 'send client id'
>
> For reference, this is my Debian configuration:
> # cat /etc/network/interfaces
> auto enp1s0
> allow-hotplug enp1s0
> iface enp1s0 inet dhcp
> hwaddress ether 00:11:22:33:44:55
>
> I want to achieve the same on OpenBSD. My current configuration is:
> # cat /etc/hostname.em0
> inet autoconf
>
> # cat /etc/dhcpleased.conf
> interface em0 {
> send client id "00:11:22:33:44:55"
> }
you are missing 01: on start as suggested in man page
>
> But my lladdr remains unchanged.
>
> Best regards,
> Tomaz
>
> V V pon., 2. jan. 2023 ob 14:42 je oseba Bodie napisala:
>
> > On Mon Jan 2, 2023 at 1:44 PM CET, Tomaž Kokolj wrote:
> > > Hi everyone,
> > >
> > > I've requested a static IP from my ISP a long time ago and I figured out
> > > that my ISP binds my IP based on a MAC address which is connected to my
> > WAN
> > > port.
> > >
> > > I was thinking about switching from Debian Linux to OpenBSD on my router,
> > > but I can't figure out how to change my MAC address.
> > >
> > > I've tried the the following configurations for my /etc/hostname.em0 (I'm
> > > testing this in VirtualBox):
> > > #
> > > inet autoconf lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > > #
> > >
> > > #
> > > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > > inet autoconf
> > > #
> > >
> > > #
> > > inet autoconf
> > > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > > #
> > > In all of those configurations, my lladdr gets changed to
> > 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > > but the inet line is missing from ifconfig which means that my network
> > > isn't working.
> >
> > Read the hostname.if(5) man page and focus on STATIC ADDRESS CONFIGURATION
> > part paragraph options aka you can't mix (at least that's what's written)
> > autoconf with static addressing (which your ISP provides, right?) and you
> > can't use options (like lladdr) without configuring IP/netmask at same
> > time.
> >
> > >
> > > I have found this old (2012) blog post:
> > >
> > https://andrewmemory.wordpress.com/2012/12/06/changing-mac-address-on-openbsd/
> > >
> > > Which suggested:
> > > "Linux has /etc/network/interfaces, and OpenBSD has /etc/hostname.if. I
> > > just changed my /etc/hostname.vr1 to:
> > >
> > > dhcp lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > >
> >
> > That is quite outdated document of course, but dhcp is shortcut for
> > 'inet autoconf'
> >
> > Plus classic dhclient is going away and instead dhcpleased(8) is used.
> >
> > So look in dhcpleased.conf(5) and use option 'send client id'
> >
> > > and I was requesting an IP address using my new MAC address"
> > >
> > > If I do that my inet line is present and my network/internet is working,
> > > but my lladdr line isn't changed.
> > >
> > > Any suggestions?
> > >
> > > Best regards,
> > > Tomaz
> >
> >
Re: BiDi sfp in ix
Hi Hrvoje, Some intel Nics do have restrictions on what Trancievers they would accept ... (like a licensing / branding thing ) ... if you are ordering from fs.com or flexoptix you can re-program those with the FS.com Tranciever programmer / Flexopticx Tranciever Programmmer... for what it its worth ... I have come across weird issues with Ubnt Edge switches and getting the SFP interfaces to come up ,.. where for instance in UBNT the autodetect, vs autonegotiate, vs 1000 Mb/s Full all have differenet results depending on the vendor of router / device that is attached to the sfp interface... I would play around with the combinations of autodetect (whcih is different to auto negotiate) to forcing the speed... your nic vendor may be able to provide you wiht firmware to unluck any weird licensing restriction on the brand of tranciever in use... I hope this is in some way helpful ... ? if you use your phone camera can you confirm when the SFP is in the Ix(4) interface... that the laser is on and is sending light ? (you will see a purple / blue ish hue light on your camera of your phone... ) Hope this helps and Happy new year to you .. On Mon, 2 Jan 2023 at 15:10, Hrvoje Popovski wrote: > > On 28.12.2022. 20:21, Stuart Henderson wrote: > > On 2022-12-28, Hrvoje Popovski wrote: > >> Hi all, > >> > >> I don't have much experience with BiDi sfp, so I'm asking you guys, > >> should openbsd ix work with 1G BiDi sfp. > > > > should do, yes. > > > > in case you're not aware, bidi transceivers come in different types, e.g. > > your MaxLink ML-S5531-20 transmits at 1550nm and receives at 1310nm, so > > must be paired with a transceiver that transmits at 1310nm and receives > > at 1550nm (e.g. the MaxLink model is ML-S3155-20) - do you have that? > > > > also, they should normally be used with single-mode fibre (due to how > > the bidi optics are coupled into the fibre they *can* also work with > > multimode fibre, though if you do that, insertion loss is high so > > distance is much more limited, plus it's even more sensitive to bending > > than usual in that case). > > > > > > Hi, > > everything is fine regarding transceiver and fiber. I've played with it > for few days with my ISP and that BiDI sfp works on mikrotik > RB5009UG+S+IN and cisco 2960 switch. On aruba 2540 (allow unsupported > transceiver), ibm switch and openbsd ix(4) it won't work. > > I've ordered few BiDi sfp from fs.com and maybe my ISP will lend me > MaxLink sfp so I could test them in lab. > > Thank you Stuart for information ... > -- Kindest regards, Tom Smyth.
Re: Change (spoof) MAC address
Hi,
Thank you for the reply.
> Read the hostname.if(5) man page and focus on STATIC ADDRESS CONFIGURATION
> part paragraph options aka you can't mix (at least that's what's written)
> autoconf with static addressing (which your ISP provides, right?) and you
> can't use options (like lladdr) without configuring IP/netmask at same
time.
I may have written this incorrectly.
My ISP provides dynamic IPs via DHCP. I have requested a fixed IP address
which they have bound to my MAC address on my WAN port.
Which means that whenever I change my hardware I need to spoof my MAC
address or I will get a random IP address.
So the autoconf option should be the valid and correct way.
> That is quite outdated document of course, but dhcp is shortcut for
> 'inet autoconf'
> Plus classic dhclient is going away and instead dhcpleased(8) is used.
> So look in dhcpleased.conf(5) and use option 'send client id'
For reference, this is my Debian configuration:
# cat /etc/network/interfaces
auto enp1s0
allow-hotplug enp1s0
iface enp1s0 inet dhcp
hwaddress ether 00:11:22:33:44:55
I want to achieve the same on OpenBSD. My current configuration is:
# cat /etc/hostname.em0
inet autoconf
# cat /etc/dhcpleased.conf
interface em0 {
send client id "00:11:22:33:44:55"
}
But my lladdr remains unchanged.
Best regards,
Tomaz
V V pon., 2. jan. 2023 ob 14:42 je oseba Bodie napisala:
> On Mon Jan 2, 2023 at 1:44 PM CET, Tomaž Kokolj wrote:
> > Hi everyone,
> >
> > I've requested a static IP from my ISP a long time ago and I figured out
> > that my ISP binds my IP based on a MAC address which is connected to my
> WAN
> > port.
> >
> > I was thinking about switching from Debian Linux to OpenBSD on my router,
> > but I can't figure out how to change my MAC address.
> >
> > I've tried the the following configurations for my /etc/hostname.em0 (I'm
> > testing this in VirtualBox):
> > #
> > inet autoconf lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > #
> >
> > #
> > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > inet autoconf
> > #
> >
> > #
> > inet autoconf
> > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > #
> > In all of those configurations, my lladdr gets changed to
> 00:11:22:33:44:55
> > but the inet line is missing from ifconfig which means that my network
> > isn't working.
>
> Read the hostname.if(5) man page and focus on STATIC ADDRESS CONFIGURATION
> part paragraph options aka you can't mix (at least that's what's written)
> autoconf with static addressing (which your ISP provides, right?) and you
> can't use options (like lladdr) without configuring IP/netmask at same
> time.
>
> >
> > I have found this old (2012) blog post:
> >
> https://andrewmemory.wordpress.com/2012/12/06/changing-mac-address-on-openbsd/
> >
> > Which suggested:
> > "Linux has /etc/network/interfaces, and OpenBSD has /etc/hostname.if. I
> > just changed my /etc/hostname.vr1 to:
> >
> > dhcp lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55
> >
>
> That is quite outdated document of course, but dhcp is shortcut for
> 'inet autoconf'
>
> Plus classic dhclient is going away and instead dhcpleased(8) is used.
>
> So look in dhcpleased.conf(5) and use option 'send client id'
>
> > and I was requesting an IP address using my new MAC address"
> >
> > If I do that my inet line is present and my network/internet is working,
> > but my lladdr line isn't changed.
> >
> > Any suggestions?
> >
> > Best regards,
> > Tomaz
>
>
CARP and DHCP
hiya. Goal: home (i.e., DHCP external network config) redundant firewalls with CARP and PFSYNC. Long ago, I think the word was "CARP and DHCP network configs don't work well together". A bit of searching man pages isn't showing me anything. A bit of googling is showing some old solutions that were fairly complicated. A lot has changed, lots of nifty new tools. Is there anything that would make a DHCP-configured redundant FW relatively straight-forward? I can think of a lot of reasons why this would NOT be an easy thing to accomplish, but maybe I've missed something. (Goal is to re-acquaint myself with CARP. I can accomplish that goal with a "buffer" machine between the CARP/PFSYNC FW and the outside Internet, but if I can skip the extra machine and get the benefits of redundancy, I'd like to do so). Nick.
Re: Change (spoof) MAC address
On Mon Jan 2, 2023 at 1:44 PM CET, Tomaž Kokolj wrote: > Hi everyone, > > I've requested a static IP from my ISP a long time ago and I figured out > that my ISP binds my IP based on a MAC address which is connected to my WAN > port. > > I was thinking about switching from Debian Linux to OpenBSD on my router, > but I can't figure out how to change my MAC address. > > I've tried the the following configurations for my /etc/hostname.em0 (I'm > testing this in VirtualBox): > # > inet autoconf lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > # > > # > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > inet autoconf > # > > # > inet autoconf > lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > # > In all of those configurations, my lladdr gets changed to 00:11:22:33:44:55 > but the inet line is missing from ifconfig which means that my network > isn't working. Read the hostname.if(5) man page and focus on STATIC ADDRESS CONFIGURATION part paragraph options aka you can't mix (at least that's what's written) autoconf with static addressing (which your ISP provides, right?) and you can't use options (like lladdr) without configuring IP/netmask at same time. > > I have found this old (2012) blog post: > https://andrewmemory.wordpress.com/2012/12/06/changing-mac-address-on-openbsd/ > > Which suggested: > "Linux has /etc/network/interfaces, and OpenBSD has /etc/hostname.if. I > just changed my /etc/hostname.vr1 to: > > dhcp lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 > That is quite outdated document of course, but dhcp is shortcut for 'inet autoconf' Plus classic dhclient is going away and instead dhcpleased(8) is used. So look in dhcpleased.conf(5) and use option 'send client id' > and I was requesting an IP address using my new MAC address" > > If I do that my inet line is present and my network/internet is working, > but my lladdr line isn't changed. > > Any suggestions? > > Best regards, > Tomaz
Re: BiDi sfp in ix
On 28.12.2022. 20:21, Stuart Henderson wrote: > On 2022-12-28, Hrvoje Popovski wrote: >> Hi all, >> >> I don't have much experience with BiDi sfp, so I'm asking you guys, >> should openbsd ix work with 1G BiDi sfp. > > should do, yes. > > in case you're not aware, bidi transceivers come in different types, e.g. > your MaxLink ML-S5531-20 transmits at 1550nm and receives at 1310nm, so > must be paired with a transceiver that transmits at 1310nm and receives > at 1550nm (e.g. the MaxLink model is ML-S3155-20) - do you have that? > > also, they should normally be used with single-mode fibre (due to how > the bidi optics are coupled into the fibre they *can* also work with > multimode fibre, though if you do that, insertion loss is high so > distance is much more limited, plus it's even more sensitive to bending > than usual in that case). > > Hi, everything is fine regarding transceiver and fiber. I've played with it for few days with my ISP and that BiDI sfp works on mikrotik RB5009UG+S+IN and cisco 2960 switch. On aruba 2540 (allow unsupported transceiver), ibm switch and openbsd ix(4) it won't work. I've ordered few BiDi sfp from fs.com and maybe my ISP will lend me MaxLink sfp so I could test them in lab. Thank you Stuart for information ...
Change (spoof) MAC address
Hi everyone, I've requested a static IP from my ISP a long time ago and I figured out that my ISP binds my IP based on a MAC address which is connected to my WAN port. I was thinking about switching from Debian Linux to OpenBSD on my router, but I can't figure out how to change my MAC address. I've tried the the following configurations for my /etc/hostname.em0 (I'm testing this in VirtualBox): # inet autoconf lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 # # lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 inet autoconf # # inet autoconf lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 # In all of those configurations, my lladdr gets changed to 00:11:22:33:44:55 but the inet line is missing from ifconfig which means that my network isn't working. I have found this old (2012) blog post: https://andrewmemory.wordpress.com/2012/12/06/changing-mac-address-on-openbsd/ Which suggested: "Linux has /etc/network/interfaces, and OpenBSD has /etc/hostname.if. I just changed my /etc/hostname.vr1 to: dhcp lladdr 00:11:22:33:44:55 and I was requesting an IP address using my new MAC address" If I do that my inet line is present and my network/internet is working, but my lladdr line isn't changed. Any suggestions? Best regards, Tomaz
