InnoDB Crash
Hi List, Last night accidentally one of my InnoDB table crash. And cause client can not connect to MySQL, it always said cannot connect to socket, even the daemon is launched. I tried to set innodb_force_recovery from 0 to 6 and only number 3 bring back the connection. After that I dump the data and drop the table. I recreate it as MyISAM and inject the dumped data. After that I stop MySQL and remove innodb_force_recovery and restart. And clients start complaining can not connect. Then I enable innodb_force_recovery again. I tried to create a new InnoDB table test and MySQL complaint cannot create the table due to the engine type is not supported. The question is how to solve this problem? How to bring back InnoDB to my server without reinstall the OS or MySQL itself? I have also tried to drop the database and remove the data folder from mysql data dir and recreate the database but still no luck. Thanks for any help. sangprabv sangpr...@gmail.com http://www.petitiononline.com/froyo/ -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=arch...@jab.org
Can this be done with a single query?
I have 2 tables: events and mappings. what I want to do is something like: SELECT DISTINCT(src_ip) FROM event WHERE timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-12 00:00:00' AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%' AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%' AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%'; but, within that somewhere also check to see if src_ip exists in mappings. If it does, do not return it. Is this possible? Thanks. -- Paul Halliday Ideation | Individualization | Learner | Achiever | Analytical http://www.pintumbler.org
Re: Can this be done with a single query?
Paul, I think you could accomplish this by adding a subquery to your where clause, like: AND NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM mappings m where m.src_ip=src_ip) Hope that helps. Nathan On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 03:19:36AM -0700, Paul Halliday wrote: I have 2 tables: events and mappings. what I want to do is something like: SELECT DISTINCT(src_ip) FROM event WHERE timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-12 00:00:00' AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%' AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%' AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%'; but, within that somewhere also check to see if src_ip exists in mappings. If it does, do not return it. Is this possible? Thanks. -- Paul Halliday Ideation | Individualization | Learner | Achiever | Analytical http://www.pintumbler.org -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=arch...@jab.org
Re: Can this be done with a single query?
I would try:
SELECT DISTINCT(e.src_ip)
FROM event AS e
LEFT JOIN mappings AS m ON e.src_ip=m.src_ip
WHERE e.timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-12 00:00:00'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%'
AND m.src_ip IS NULL
;
I would also modify the where clause to use:
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('10.0.0.0') AND INET_ATON(10.255.255.255)
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('172.16.0.0') AND INET_ATON(172.16.255.255)
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('192.168.0.0') AND
INET_ATON(192.168.255.255)
instead of
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%
You should also ensure there is an index on src_ip in events and mappings
tables.
Using the INET_NTOA() function on the src_ip column will prevent index usage
during the query.
-JW
On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 5:19 AM, Paul Halliday paul.halli...@gmail.comwrote:
I have 2 tables: events and mappings.
what I want to do is something like:
SELECT DISTINCT(src_ip) FROM event WHERE timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11
00:00:00' AND '2010-10-12 00:00:00' AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE
'10.%.%.%' AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%' AND
INET_NTOA(src_ip)
NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%';
but, within that somewhere also check to see if src_ip exists in mappings.
If it does, do not return it.
Is this possible?
Thanks.
--
Paul Halliday
Ideation | Individualization | Learner | Achiever | Analytical
http://www.pintumbler.org
--
-
Johnny Withers
601.209.4985
joh...@pixelated.net
Re: InnoDB Crash
Hey Willy - Install the new binaries and start mysql with new binary as basedir and see whether innodb has enabled or not. Check the error log why the innodb is getting disabled, make a copy of it here too. On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 2:57 PM, Willy Mularto sangpr...@gmail.com wrote: Hi List, Last night accidentally one of my InnoDB table crash. And cause client can not connect to MySQL, it always said cannot connect to socket, even the daemon is launched. I tried to set innodb_force_recovery from 0 to 6 and only number 3 bring back the connection. After that I dump the data and drop the table. I recreate it as MyISAM and inject the dumped data. After that I stop MySQL and remove innodb_force_recovery and restart. And clients start complaining can not connect. Then I enable innodb_force_recovery again. I tried to create a new InnoDB table test and MySQL complaint cannot create the table due to the engine type is not supported. The question is how to solve this problem? How to bring back InnoDB to my server without reinstall the OS or MySQL itself? I have also tried to drop the database and remove the data folder from mysql data dir and recreate the database but still no luck. Thanks for any help. sangprabv sangpr...@gmail.com http://www.petitiononline.com/froyo/ -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=sureshkumar...@gmail.com -- Thanks Suresh Kuna MySQL DBA
Re: Can this be done with a single query?
On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 11:14 AM, Johnny Withers joh...@pixelated.netwrote:
I would try:
SELECT DISTINCT(e.src_ip)
FROM event AS e
LEFT JOIN mappings AS m ON e.src_ip=m.src_ip
WHERE e.timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-12 00:00:00'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%'
AND m.src_ip IS NULL
;
I would also modify the where clause to use:
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('10.0.0.0') AND INET_ATON(10.255.255.255)
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('172.16.0.0') AND
INET_ATON(172.16.255.255)
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('192.168.0.0') AND
INET_ATON(192.168.255.255)
instead of
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%
You should also ensure there is an index on src_ip in events and mappings
tables.
Using the INET_NTOA() function on the src_ip column will prevent index
usage during the query.
This and the suggestion by Nathan both work.
Thanks for the help!
Backing up the InnoDB tables
Hi On a shared MySQL server with access just to my own database, what is the recommend backup methods and strategies for the InnoDB tables ? Cheers Neil
Can this query be done w/o adding another column?
Geez, really taking advantage of the list today :). This one is a little more complicated, well, in my head anyway. Same tables as before, event and mappings. Mappings is just IP to Country info. I want to be able to join both a src and dst but the problem is the mappings table just has one ip column. My initial query looks like this: SELECT COUNT(signature) as count, MAX(timestamp) AS maxTime, INET_NTOA(src_ip), INET_NTOA(dst_ip), signature, signature_id, ip_proto FROM event WHERE timestamp BETWEEN 2010-10-12 00:00:00 AND 2010-10-13 00:00:00 GROUP BY src_ip, dst_ip, signature,ip_proto ORDER BY maxTime DESC; Which would return something like this: 2 | 2010-10-12 16:34:17 | 10.1.2.3 | 173.193.202.69 | ET P2P Vuze BT UDP Connection | 2010144 | 17 Now I want to add the country info into the mix. I have made it this far: SELECT COUNT(signature) as count, MAX(timestamp) AS maxTime, INET_NTOA(src_ip), mappings.cc, INET_NTOA(dst_ip), mappings.cc, signature, signature_id, ip_proto FROM event INNER JOIN mappings ON event.src_ip = mappings.ip OR event.dst_ip = mappings.ip WHERE timestamp BETWEEN 2010-10-12 03:00:00 AND 2010-10-13 03:00:00 GROUP BY src_ip, dst_ip, signature,ip_proto ORDER BY maxTime DESC LIMIT 10; gives me: 2 | 2010-10-12 16:34:17 | 10.1.2.3 | US | 173.193.202.69 | US | ET P2P Vuze BT UDP Connection | 2010144 | 17 which obviously isn't right ;) but is close. I was just going to change the columns in the mappings table to have src_ip and dst_ip just duplicating the ip column but I have a nagging feeling that that probably isn't necessary. Thanks. -- Paul Halliday Ideation | Individualization | Learner | Achiever | Analytical http://www.pintumbler.org
RE: Can this be done with a single query?
You may get better performance from your query, and be able to make better
use of indexes if you use integer comparisons for your IP address
expressions instead of converting to strings with pattern matching. You
might consider something like the following:
SELECT DISTINCT(e.src_ip)
FROM event e
left outer join mappings m on mappings.src_ip = e.src_ip
WHERE e.timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-12 00:00:00'
AND e.src_ip NOT BETWEEN 167772160 AND 184549375
AND e.src_ip NOT BETWEEN 2886729728 AND 2886795263
AND e.src_ip NOT BETWEEN 3232235520 AND 3232301055
AND m.src_ip IS NULL;
-Travis
-Original Message-
From: Paul Halliday [mailto:paul.halli...@gmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 10:08 AM
To: Johnny Withers
Cc: mysql@lists.mysql.com
Subject: Re: Can this be done with a single query?
On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 11:14 AM, Johnny Withers
joh...@pixelated.netwrote:
I would try:
SELECT DISTINCT(e.src_ip)
FROM event AS e
LEFT JOIN mappings AS m ON e.src_ip=m.src_ip
WHERE e.timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-12 00:00:00'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%'
AND m.src_ip IS NULL
;
I would also modify the where clause to use:
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('10.0.0.0') AND INET_ATON(10.255.255.255)
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('172.16.0.0') AND
INET_ATON(172.16.255.255)
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('192.168.0.0') AND
INET_ATON(192.168.255.255)
instead of
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%
You should also ensure there is an index on src_ip in events and mappings
tables.
Using the INET_NTOA() function on the src_ip column will prevent index
usage during the query.
This and the suggestion by Nathan both work.
Thanks for the help!
--
MySQL General Mailing List
For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql
To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=arch...@jab.org
RE: Can this query be done w/o adding another column?
You could join your mappings table twice, once on src_ip and again on dst_ip: SELECT COUNT(signature) AS count, MAX(timestamp) AS maxTime, INET_NTOA(src_ip), m.cc as src_cc, INET_NTOA(dst_ip), m2.cc as dst_cc, signature, signature_id, ip_proto FROM event INNER JOIN mappings m ON event.src_ip = mappings.ip INNER JOIN mappings m2 ON event.dst_ip = mappings.ip WHERE timestamp BETWEEN 2010-10-12 03:00:00 AND 2010-10-13 03:00:00 GROUP BY INET_NTOA(src_ip), m.cc, INET_NTOA(dst_ip), m2.cc, signature, signature_id, ip_proto ORDER BY maxTime DESC LIMIT 10; -Travis -Original Message- From: Paul Halliday [mailto:paul.halli...@gmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 10:49 AM To: mysql@lists.mysql.com Subject: Can this query be done w/o adding another column? Geez, really taking advantage of the list today :). This one is a little more complicated, well, in my head anyway. Same tables as before, event and mappings. Mappings is just IP to Country info. I want to be able to join both a src and dst but the problem is the mappings table just has one ip column. My initial query looks like this: SELECT COUNT(signature) as count, MAX(timestamp) AS maxTime, INET_NTOA(src_ip), INET_NTOA(dst_ip), signature, signature_id, ip_proto FROM event WHERE timestamp BETWEEN 2010-10-12 00:00:00 AND 2010-10-13 00:00:00 GROUP BY src_ip, dst_ip, signature,ip_proto ORDER BY maxTime DESC; Which would return something like this: 2 | 2010-10-12 16:34:17 | 10.1.2.3 | 173.193.202.69 | ET P2P Vuze BT UDP Connection | 2010144 | 17 Now I want to add the country info into the mix. I have made it this far: SELECT COUNT(signature) as count, MAX(timestamp) AS maxTime, INET_NTOA(src_ip), mappings.cc, INET_NTOA(dst_ip), mappings.cc, signature, signature_id, ip_proto FROM event INNER JOIN mappings ON event.src_ip = mappings.ip OR event.dst_ip = mappings.ip WHERE timestamp BETWEEN 2010-10-12 03:00:00 AND 2010-10-13 03:00:00 GROUP BY src_ip, dst_ip, signature,ip_proto ORDER BY maxTime DESC LIMIT 10; gives me: 2 | 2010-10-12 16:34:17 | 10.1.2.3 | US | 173.193.202.69 | US | ET P2P Vuze BT UDP Connection | 2010144 | 17 which obviously isn't right ;) but is close. I was just going to change the columns in the mappings table to have src_ip and dst_ip just duplicating the ip column but I have a nagging feeling that that probably isn't necessary. Thanks. -- Paul Halliday Ideation | Individualization | Learner | Achiever | Analytical http://www.pintumbler.org -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=arch...@jab.org
Re: Can this query be done w/o adding another column?
On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 1:59 PM, Travis Ard travis_...@hotmail.com wrote: You could join your mappings table twice, once on src_ip and again on dst_ip: SELECT COUNT(signature) AS count, MAX(timestamp) AS maxTime, INET_NTOA(src_ip), m.cc as src_cc, INET_NTOA(dst_ip), m2.cc as dst_cc, signature, signature_id, ip_proto FROM event INNER JOIN mappings m ON event.src_ip = mappings.ip INNER JOIN mappings m2 ON event.dst_ip = mappings.ip WHERE timestamp BETWEEN 2010-10-12 03:00:00 AND 2010-10-13 03:00:00 GROUP BY INET_NTOA(src_ip), m.cc, INET_NTOA(dst_ip), m2.cc, signature, signature_id, ip_proto ORDER BY maxTime DESC LIMIT 10; -Travis I get an error: ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'mappings.ip' in 'on clause'
Re: MySQL sock file is missing: server doesn't start
2010/10/11 Sabika M sabika.makhd...@gmail.com: are the permissions on that directory correct? The .sock file is created at start up by mysql mysqld doesn't start because are missing /var/run/mysqld dir and /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock file. Dir and file are created on mysqld boot, i presume. It's cyclic! 2010/10/12 partha sarathy par...@mafiree.com: once mysqld gets started then only we can see the sock file and use the same to connect to mysql prompt. check your error log... some error message will be there. make it correct otherwise reply the error msg. 101012 20:21:29 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 101012 20:21:30 InnoDB: Started; log sequence number 0 44263 101012 20:21:30 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: No such file or directory 101012 20:21:30 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ? 101012 20:21:30 [ERROR] Aborting 101012 20:21:30 InnoDB: Starting shutdown... 101012 20:21:31 InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number 0 44263 101012 20:21:31 [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete 2010/10/12 Michael Dykman mdyk...@gmail.com: More often than not, this is a file permission issue. Does the MySQL user have permission to create a socket in /var/run/mysqld ?try ls -ld /var/run/mysqld ls -l /var/run/mysqld and make sure everything is owned by the MySQL user. now, i have created the /var/run/mysqld dir and change the own to mysql user: sudo chown mysql:mysql mysqld The ls -ld output is: drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 40 2010-10-12 20:31 /var/run/mysqld The result is still 2002 error! -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=arch...@jab.org
RE: Can this query be done w/o adding another column?
Sorry, try changing the column mappings.ip to use the table aliases (m.ip and m2.ip). -Travis From: Paul Halliday [mailto:paul.halli...@gmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 11:37 AM To: Travis Ard Cc: mysql@lists.mysql.com Subject: Re: Can this query be done w/o adding another column? On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 1:59 PM, Travis Ard travis_...@hotmail.com wrote: You could join your mappings table twice, once on src_ip and again on dst_ip: SELECT COUNT(signature) AS count, MAX(timestamp) AS maxTime, INET_NTOA(src_ip), m.cc as src_cc, INET_NTOA(dst_ip), m2.cc as dst_cc, signature, signature_id, ip_proto FROM event INNER JOIN mappings m ON event.src_ip = mappings.ip INNER JOIN mappings m2 ON event.dst_ip = mappings.ip WHERE timestamp BETWEEN 2010-10-12 03:00:00 AND 2010-10-13 03:00:00 GROUP BY INET_NTOA(src_ip), m.cc, INET_NTOA(dst_ip), m2.cc, signature, signature_id, ip_proto ORDER BY maxTime DESC LIMIT 10; -Travis I get an error: ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column 'mappings.ip' in 'on clause'
Re: InnoDB Crash
I got the solution. I stop the ib* files in MySQL datadir and start the server. Now everything is back to normal. Thanks. sangprabv sangpr...@gmail.com http://www.petitiononline.com/froyo/ On Oct 12, 2010, at 11:00 PM, Suresh Kuna wrote: Hey Willy - Install the new binaries and start mysql with new binary as basedir and see whether innodb has enabled or not. Check the error log why the innodb is getting disabled, make a copy of it here too. On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 2:57 PM, Willy Mularto sangpr...@gmail.com wrote: Hi List, Last night accidentally one of my InnoDB table crash. And cause client can not connect to MySQL, it always said cannot connect to socket, even the daemon is launched. I tried to set innodb_force_recovery from 0 to 6 and only number 3 bring back the connection. After that I dump the data and drop the table. I recreate it as MyISAM and inject the dumped data. After that I stop MySQL and remove innodb_force_recovery and restart. And clients start complaining can not connect. Then I enable innodb_force_recovery again. I tried to create a new InnoDB table test and MySQL complaint cannot create the table due to the engine type is not supported. The question is how to solve this problem? How to bring back InnoDB to my server without reinstall the OS or MySQL itself? I have also tried to drop the database and remove the data folder from mysql data dir and recreate the database but still no luck. Thanks for any help. sangprabv sangpr...@gmail.com http://www.petitiononline.com/froyo/ -- MySQL General Mailing List For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=sureshkumar...@gmail.com -- Thanks Suresh Kuna MySQL DBA
RE: Can this be done with a single query?
Absolutely was just going to suggest this Travis.
Another option and this is untested, but is to use HAVING and an alias.
Something to this effect...
SELECT INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) AS source_ip
WHERE e.timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND '2010-10-12 00:00:00'
HAVING source_ip BETWEEN '10.0.0.0' and '10.255.255.255'
But yeah, Travis suggestion is cleaner and more efficient.
-Original Message-
From: Travis Ard [mailto:travis_...@hotmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 9:51 AM
To: 'Paul Halliday'
Cc: mysql@lists.mysql.com
Subject: RE: Can this be done with a single query?
You may get better performance from your query, and be able
to make better
use of indexes if you use integer comparisons for your IP address
expressions instead of converting to strings with pattern
matching. You
might consider something like the following:
SELECT DISTINCT(e.src_ip)
FROM event e
left outer join mappings m on mappings.src_ip = e.src_ip
WHERE e.timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND
'2010-10-12 00:00:00'
AND e.src_ip NOT BETWEEN 167772160 AND 184549375
AND e.src_ip NOT BETWEEN 2886729728 AND 2886795263
AND e.src_ip NOT BETWEEN 3232235520 AND 3232301055
AND m.src_ip IS NULL;
-Travis
-Original Message-
From: Paul Halliday [mailto:paul.halli...@gmail.com]
Sent: Tuesday, October 12, 2010 10:08 AM
To: Johnny Withers
Cc: mysql@lists.mysql.com
Subject: Re: Can this be done with a single query?
On Tue, Oct 12, 2010 at 11:14 AM, Johnny Withers
joh...@pixelated.netwrote:
I would try:
SELECT DISTINCT(e.src_ip)
FROM event AS e
LEFT JOIN mappings AS m ON e.src_ip=m.src_ip
WHERE e.timestamp BETWEEN '2010-10-11 00:00:00' AND
'2010-10-12 00:00:00'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(e.src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%'
AND m.src_ip IS NULL
;
I would also modify the where clause to use:
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('10.0.0.0') AND
INET_ATON(10.255.255.255)
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('172.16.0.0') AND
INET_ATON(172.16.255.255)
AND src_ip NOT BETWEEN INET_ATON('192.168.0.0') AND
INET_ATON(192.168.255.255)
instead of
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '10.%.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '172.16.%.%'
AND INET_NTOA(src_ip) NOT LIKE '192.168.%.%
You should also ensure there is an index on src_ip in
events and mappings
tables.
Using the INET_NTOA() function on the src_ip column will
prevent index
usage during the query.
This and the suggestion by Nathan both work.
Thanks for the help!
--
MySQL General Mailing List
For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql
To unsubscribe:
http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=dae...@daevid.com
--
MySQL General Mailing List
For list archives: http://lists.mysql.com/mysql
To unsubscribe:http://lists.mysql.com/mysql?unsub=arch...@jab.org
