Re: Need help with Data Structure: array of hash
> I am having problem with array and Hash data structure. Example is show
below:
#CODE 1
my @list;
my %this;
$this{x} = 1;
$this{y} = 2;
$this{z} = 3;
$this{Z} = 4;
Better (maybe):
my %this = (
x => 1,
y => 2,
z => 3,
Z => 4,
)
push @list, %this;
> The last line does not work according to what I want it to do.
> And instead, @list now contains:
$list[0] = 'x';
The problem here is the list context 'unrolls' the "this" hash to
(x,1,y,2,z,3,Z,4)
so it's a simple list pushed into the array.
>My intention above is to have variable @list as an array of hash, ie:
$list[0]{x}
$list[0]{y}
$list[0]{z}
$list[0]{Z}
This works:
$list[0]{x} = 1;
$list[0]{y} = 2;
...
print("$_: ", $list[0]->{$_}, "\n") foreach keys %{$list[0]};
> I have resorted to:
@list[ scalar @list ] = %this;
> which I find not so "elegant"...
Er, that doesn't work for me. For one thing "scalar @list" will be zero on
the LHS of the assignment, but it'll be 1 afterwards. What you want is an
"anonymous" hash as the element so
$list[0] = {
x => 1,
y => 2,
z => 3,
Z => 4,
};
Note curly brackets, or
my %this = (
x => 1,
y => 2,
z => 3,
Z => 4,
);
my @list;
@list[ 0 ] = \%this;
or:
push @list, \%this;
> Secondly, is there a way to not use the has variable %this above?
> ie, something like
push @list, {x=>1,y=>2,z=>3,Z=>4};
seems to work here:
my @list;
push @list, {x=>1,y=>2,z=>3,Z=>4};
print("k $_: ", $list[0]->{$_}, "\n") foreach keys %{$list[0]};
> And lastly, as I try to pop it out:
%this = pop @list;
printf "%d %d %d %d\n", $this{x}, $this{y}, $this{z}, $this{Z};
>it wont work. I am getting zeroes/blank on the hashes. Why?
Because you're getting back a "reference" to the anonymous hash now, in
this - s/b
my $this = pop @list;
printf "%d %d %d %d\n", $this->{x}, $this->{y}, $this->{z}, $this->{Z};
> How should I write it "correctly" again?
You need to use the reference (the most Perl-ish method) or un-roll the
reference on the RHS so it can assign back into the by "casting" it as a
hash again:
my %this = %{pop @list};
printf "%d %d %d %d\n", $this{x}, $this{y}, $this{z}, $this{Z};
a
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RE: Parsing PIX Log
my $entry = 'Sep 26 17:05:11 pixfw.testsec.org %PIX-3-106010: Deny inbound
protocol 12 src outside:123.97.104.117 dst intf2:192.168.50.10';
chomp($entry);
my ($date_stuff, $min, $sec, $info, $IP1, $IP2) = split(/:/, $entry);
$date_stuff .= ":$min:$sec";
#print" ($date_stuff\n $info\n $IP1\n $IP2\n";
my ($mon, $day, $time, $machine, $dev) = split(/ /, $date_stuff);
my $IP1_name = "unknown";
$IP1_name = $1
if ($info =~ s/(?:src|dst)\s+\w+$//);
my $IP2_name = "unknown";
$IP2_name = $1
if ($IP1 =~ s/(src|dst\s+\w+)$//);
printf("On %s %02d %s at machine %s interface %s (ip: %s) saw '%s' from %s
(ip:%s)\n",
$mon, $day, $time, $machine, $IP2_name, $IP2, $info, $IP1_name,
$IP1);
a
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RE: Variable definition
To add a zero pad ("printf" if you just want it printed zero padded):
my $padded_name = sprintf("%02d", $month);
the 'zero' is the pad char, the '2' is the number of places to pad to
To get rid of it:
print "The month number is: ", $padded_name + 0, "\n";
that is, use it as an integer and Perl'll dumber it.
$month = 7;
my $padded_name = sprintf("%02d", $month);
print "The month number was: ", $padded_name, "\n";
print "The month number is: ", $padded_name + 0, "\n";
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Re: Regex Newbie Q: Non-Trivial Substitution and Modifying the Matched String
Not sure I'm getting it completely, but using match in a while loop w/ the
/g modifier lets you process a string one match at a time:
my $string = "Lots of words to be read one at a time.\nthough more than
one line";
while ( $string =~ /(\w+)/g ) {
print "Found: $1\n";
print "Proceessing ...\n";
} # while /(\w+)/g
While the original string should be left alone (so pos and \G (the marker
for the last match) don't get confused) you can process/chop up a copy of
the string as you go. To get really tricky, you can munge the string and
matches via assignments to pos() - best to look at "Mastering Regular
Expressions" (O'Reilly/Freidl - or better, buy it!) Chapter 7ish. That's
not for the fainthearted.
@nums = $data =~ m/\d+/g; # pick apart string, returning a list of numbers
Suppose the list of numbers starts *after* a marker - "" - prime the
'pos'
$data =~ m//g; # prime the /g start, pos($data) now point to just
after the ""
@nums = $data =~ m/\d+/g; # pick apart the rest of the string, returning a
list of numbers
Or:
pos($data) = $i if $i = index($data, ""), $i > 0; # find the ""
@nums = $data =~ m/\d+/g; # pick apart the rest of the string, returning a
list of numbers
difference here is pos is just before the "" while in the previous,
its just after but ...
a
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social transition was not the strident clamor of the bad people, but the
appalling silence of the good people. "
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RE: Counting Matches In A Line
> The match condition is number of ; in 1 line
Output:
found 14 ; in 1,232 lines
found 13 ; in 7,456 lines
found 12 ; in 2,321 lines
my %line_counts;
while (<>) {
my $semis = tr/;/;/;
if ( $semis ) {
$line_counts{$semis}++;
}
else {
warn("Bad data - no semis: $_");
} # if $semis
}# while <>
foreach my $counts ( sort keys %line_counts ) {
printf("Found %02d ; in %d lines\n", $line_counts{$counts}, $counts);
}
run on itself, we get
# perl /tmp/ln.pl /tmp/ln.pl
Bad data - no semis: while (<>) {
Bad data - no semis:if ( $semis ) {
Bad data - no semis:}
Bad data - no semis:else {
Bad data - no semis:} # if $semis
Bad data - no semis:
Bad data - no semis: }# while <>
Bad data - no semis: foreach my $counts ( sort keys %line_counts ) {
Bad data - no semis: }
Found 03 ; in 1 lines
Found 01 ; in 2 lines
Found 01 ; in 3 lines
a
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children, also tend not to have children?
- Robert J. Kolker in sci.math, "Re: Genetics and Math-Ability"
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Re: Counting Matches In A Line
wwang suggested: >How about using split function? I mean something like: my @myCounts = split @YourData, /;/ print $#myCounts; Er, close - your split is reversed and you want to split the string, not an array: my @myCounts = split /;/, $YourData; but this points to an interesting thing we just ran into - split, w/o the limit field and using an RE to split on, will drop null fields at the end of the split so: my $YourData = 'one;;three;four'; my @myCounts = split /;/, $YourData ; # '$#array give last index for array print "cn: ", $#myCounts, "\n"; # add 2 null fields at end $YourData = 'one;;three;four;;'; @myCounts = split /;/, $YourData ; print "cn: ", $#myCounts, "\n"; # split using limit param @myCounts = split /;/, $YourData , 6; print "cn: ", $#myCounts, "\n"; # array in scalar context gives # of elements print "cn: ", scalar @myCounts, "\n"; gives: cn: 3 cn: 3 cn: 5 cn: 6 even thouhg the 2nd one has 5 semis in it. The last only shows a 'five' as a Andy Bach Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932 Have you noticed that people whose parents did not have children, also tend not to have children? - Robert J. Kolker in sci.math, "Re: Genetics and Math-Ability" ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: 3 dimensional hash of hashes
Just keep doing it ;->
$tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}{$tpKey})
is your reference to the inner anon hash. Syntatic sugar pointers make it
(to me) a little clearer
$tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}->{$tpKey})
but
foreach my $anonKey ( keys %{ $tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}->{$tpKey} } ) {
A clarity trick (see "The Randal" article:
http://www.samag.com/documents/s=10108/sam0701h/
or, more complex Cozens on:
http://www.perl.com/pub/a/2006/11/02/all-about-hashes.html
) is to take a scalar 'ref' to the anon hash along the way:
my $anon_ref = \%{ $tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}->{$tpKey} };
and use that in the now, slightly saner for loop:
foreach my $anonKey ( keys %{ $anon_ref } ) {
i.e.
print "\nTest iterating over the 3 dimensional hash of hashes...\n";
foreach my $fileTypeKey (keys %tp3Lookup) {
print "$fileTypeKey => \n";
foreach my $tpKey (keys %{$tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}}) {
print "\t$tpKey => $tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}->{$tpKey}\n";
print "\tThis is a ",
ref($tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}->{$tpKey})," reference.
\n";
my $anon_ref = \%{ $tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}->{$tpKey} };
foreach my $anonKey ( keys %{ $anon_ref } ) {
print "\t\t$anonKey => $anon_ref->{$anonKey}\n";
}# foreach my $anonKey ( keys %{ $anon_ref } )
} # foreach my $tpKey (keys
%{$tp3Lookup{$fileTypeKey}})
} # foreach my $fileTypeKey (keys %tp3Lookup)
Andy Bach
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Re: RES: Getting file name from a path
> Often I need to extract the file name from a path.
$current_file = "c:/somedir/test.ps";
@split_path = split("/",$current_file);
$current_file = @split_path[-1];
print $current_file;
You want to use the '$' sigil here, not '@' (you're refering to just one
element, not the whole array):
$current_file = $split_path[-1];
or
$current_file = pop @split_path;
#!/perl -w
$current_file = "c:/somedir/test.ps";
$current_file =~ /.*(\/|\\)(.*)/gi;
print $2;
Er, you don't want/need the /g (only matches once) or the /i (no letters
to ignore case on), you don't want to match in the null context so, at
least:
#!/perl -w
my $current_file = "c:/somedir/test.ps";
if ( $current_file =~ /.*(\/|\\)(.*)/ ) {
print $2;
}
else {
warn("whacky file path: $current_file\n");
}
If you don't test your match, you'll never know if it worked. There's an
'interesting' feature of perl this way, if the match fails "$2" retains
any value it may have had, so you can get a result from a previous match.
Not a good thing and hard to figure out.
This is relying on the initial "dot star" being greedy enough to eat all
preceeding slashes and will fail w/
c:myfile.txt
and, on non-DOS
/tmp/this\ filename\ has\ embeded\ spaces
Probably the best way is to let somebody else do it:
File::Basename(3)
NAME
fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
basename - extract just the filename from a path
dirname - extract just the directory from a path
SYNOPSIS
use File::Basename;
($name,$path,$suffix) = fileparse($fullname,@suffixlist);
$name = fileparse($fullname,@suffixlist);
fileparse_set_fstype($os_string);
$basename = basename($fullname,@suffixlist);
$dirname = dirname($fullname);
($name,$path,$suffix) =
fileparse("lib/File/Basename.pm",qr{\.pm});
fileparse_set_fstype("VMS");
$basename = basename("lib/File/Basename.pm",".pm");
$dirname = dirname("lib/File/Basename.pm");
a
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Re: Newline in CGI script
> The following code is live at http://www.biblescramble.com/Esther/x.cgi.
> I want to put newlines where the tabs are in $insert=" Hazel Work
states:
WYrelocate: No";
> I've tried , \n, etc. What do I need?
Not sure what you're after, exactly. Perl will replace tabs by:
$insert =~ s/\t+/xxx/g;
I"m using "\t+" (one more tab chars) in case you've got tab tab tab and
don't want 3 new lines - browsers will display new lines w/ so [1]:
$insert =~ s/\t+//g;
if you want to do it in the 'testing' java script function, its a little
different.
$script2="function tester(){testing=\"";
$script2.=$insert;
$script2.="\"; var head1 = document.getElementById(\"head1\");
head1.firstChild.nodeValue=testing; return false;}";
java script has an RE package, which comes w/ the string object and a
replace method,
http://www.devguru.com/technologies/ecmascript/QuickRef/string_replace.html
Note, using single quotes (as you've got no perl var being "interpolated)
will avoid the escapes of all you dbl quotes, so something like:
$script2 = 'function tester(){testing="';
$script2 .= $insert;
$script2 .= '";
var test_regex = /\t+/g;
var result = testing.replace(test_regex, "\n");
var head1 = document.getElementById("head1");
head1.firstChild.nodeValue = result;
return false;}';
Untested, YMMV but that's the idea.
a
[1]
as a human readability issue, I always add a \n to "" tags (and
tags etc, so when you view source, its more legible:
$insert =~ s/\t+/\n/g;
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Re: Perl Report Format Question
> Why don't I Get IP addresses in the IP Address column of the report
below. The data is there if I do a print after the split of the value
in %GAA_Up
foreach $GS_IPAddr (keys(%GAA_Up)) {
open (UP, ">>$GS_Report") || die "Could not open file
$GS_Report : $!\n";
($GS_Location,$GS_IPAddr,$GS_Time)=split(/\t/,$GAA_Up{$GS_IPAddr
});
write(UP);
close(UP);
}
I imagine (depending upon you data) you're running into a lexical scoping
problem. For one thing its *not* a good idea to use $GS_IPAddr as both
your loop key and an assigned to var from the split. Its confusing and
unnecessary and buys you nothing (but, maybe the cost of one scalar).
However, there's a little magic in how perl handles foreach loop vars as
far as scoping goes and when you're using it to work w/ a format ... good
luck. Or here, bad luck. Adding warnings to your script and the crucial
part is (line 40 is the UP format line):
Use of uninitialized value in formline at /tmp/form.pl line 40.
Use of uninitialized value in formline at /tmp/form.pl line 40.
Use of uninitialized value in formline at /tmp/form.pl line 40.
Because you don't scope the other split vars, they become global and just
(luckily) get attached to the format as you wanted them. But $GS_IPAddr is
scoped as the foreach loop var and so isn't global enough to make the
grade. It doesn't exist outside those curlies and so - no IP for you!
Strict/warnings - its not just a good idea, its a Best Practice - which is
close enough to being a law ;->
a
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RE: How do I know where my Perl script is running?
2 ways of looking at your quesiton: FindBin: NAME FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script SYNOPSIS use FindBin; use lib "$FindBin::Bin/../lib"; or use FindBin qw($Bin); use lib "$Bin/../lib"; give you where the script itself is. The module Cwd recommends using File::Spec if portability is an issue - as you're asking on win32 ... NAME File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names SYNOPSIS use File::Spec; ... curdir Returns a string representation of the current directory. $curdir = File::Spec->curdir(); a Andy Bach Systems Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932 The competent programmer is fully aware of the strictly limited size of his own skull; therefore he approaches the programming task in full humility, and among other things he avoids clever tricks like the plague. -- Edsger Dijkstra ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: What is not initialised here?
$_ = shift @data until /Amount/; # start of transactions
> and get this warning:
Use of uninitialized value in pattern match (m//) at CMS2AP.pl line 138.
One way to avoid the warning is to check for that first uninit'ed $_
#!perl -w
use strict;
my @data = qw(hi ho hee ha Amount hoo hooh);
print "t: ", $_ = shift @data, "\n" until ($_ and /Amount/); #
start of transactions
# $_ = shift @data until ($_ and /Amount/); # start of transactions
But if you've got a bunch of noise in there before 'Amount' you're wasting
a lot of assigns, I think. Similarly, you'll run for quite a ways if
there *isn't* an "Amount" in there ;->
I tried to use the '...' flip-flop:
[the flip-flop '..' operator] can test the right operand and
become false on the same evaluation it became true (as in awk), but
it still returns true once. If you
don't want it to test the right operand till the next evaluation,
as in sed, just use three dots ("...")
instead of two. In all other regards, "..." behaves just like ".."
does.
but couldn't get it to help here. I'd think you'd want to do this on the
front end, though. Don't put it into @data in the first place
while (<>) {
next if 1 .. /Amount/;
chomp;
push @data, $_;
...
or something.
a
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humility, and among other things he avoids clever tricks like the
plague. -- Edsger Dijkstra
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Re: Questions on porting Perl from Unix to Windows
OS is found via the $^O ("carrot capital O") special var:
$ perl -e 'print $^O'
linux
I think winx stuff starts w/ "MS"
C:\>perl -e "print $^O"
MSWin32
but you don't really want to do that. File::Copy
$ perldoc File::Copy
use File::Copy;
copy("file1","file2") or die "Copy failed: $!";
copy("Copy.pm",\*STDOUT);
move("/dev1/fileA","/dev2/fileB");
does it OS-independently. Using the perl native opendir/readdir commands
perldoc -f readdir
...
opendir(DIR, $some_dir) ââ die "can't opendir $some_dir: $!";
@dots = grep { /^\./ && -f "$some_dir/$_" }
readdir(DIR);
closedir DIR;
again does this w/o needing to know which OS you're on. You may also want
to look at:
NAME
File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
as for the 2nd question/shebang lines - yeah MS doesn't use the shebang,
it uses file extension. However perl does use the shebang, even on winx so
you can just have a shebang of
#!perl -w
and get the warnings etc enabled. We used to just make a matching batch
file that called perl on the script.
a
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"The Microsoft Exchange Information Store service depends on
the Microsoft Exchange Directory service which failed to
start because of the following error:
The operation completed successfully."
(actual MSE error msg)
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RE: Questions on porting Perl from Unix to Windows
It's a windows cmd.exe thing. Only dbl quotes work for "-e" script creation and there are a number of other issues. In general, one-liners in cmd.exe aren't going to be very useful. You can get a different shell (even bash) for winx but a Andy Bach Systems Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932 "The Microsoft Exchange Information Store service depends on the Microsoft Exchange Directory service which failed to start because of the following error: The operation completed successfully." (actual MSE error msg) ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: use FileHandle;
> So, joyfully, I wrote the following:
use FileHandle;
foreach my $key (0 .. 34) {
$fh = new FileHandle "> VTOL$key";
$flist{$key} = $fh;
print $flist{$key} "Header info\n";
}
> But it will not compile, it errors with:
C:\>VTOLparser.pl
String found where operator expected at C:\VTOLparser.pl line 9, near "
} "Header info\n""
(Missing operator before "Header info\n"?)
I saw this somewhere else, there's something about the list context of
print that keeps it from treating the stored filehandle properly. I recall
from Perl Best Practices the suggestion to use curlies to make clear that
the first entry is a filehandle and not something else.:
use FileHandle;
my %flist;
foreach my $key (0 .. 34) {
my $fh = new FileHandle "> VTOL$key";
$flist{$key} = $fh;
print { $flist{$key} } "Header info\n";
}
anyway that works.
a
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Re: trouble accessing fully qualified $main::variable contents
> why I am unable to print the value of the main package's variable (despite that I am using the fully qualified variable name)? Name "main::var" used only once: possible typo at C:\perlsrc\TEST.PL line 9. Use of uninitialized value in concatenation (.) or string at c:\perlsrc\TEST.PL line 9. Hmm, this: use strict; use warnings; our $var = "value"; works as expected. 'my' is the lexicalizer, so it appears it *doesn't* put the var into the main package. Something like lexical vars *can't* be package scope/FQVNamed, only 'our' vars can. Try 'perldoc our': An "our" declares the listed variables to be valid globals within the enclosing block, file, or "eval". That is, it has the same scoping rules as a "my" declaration, but does not create a local variable. If more than one value is listed, the list must be placed in parentheses. The "our" declaration has no semantic effect unless "use strict vars" is in effect, in which case it lets you use the declared global variable without qualifying it with a package name. ( But only within the lexical scope of the "our" declaration. In this it differs from "use vars", which is package scoped.) An "our" declaration declares a global variable that will be visible across its entire lexical scope, even across package boundaries. The package in which the variable is entered is determined at the point of the declaration, not at the point of use. This means the following behavior holds: a --- Andy Bach Systems Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Voice: (608) 261-5738 Fax: 264-5932 The name "grep" is from the common "ed" (pre-visual "vi") command: g/re/p i.e. g(lobal-search)/r(egular) e(xpression)/p(rint) ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: New to Perl and stuck
> My goal is to automate this so that after specifying a folder, Perl will
pull the specified lines from each of the 25 txt files in that folder and
write them to a single output file.
If you don't need file names etc, you can just expand your pointies to use
a glob
@output = <*.txt>
but that put it all in there, so:
print ("\nESTIMATION\n");
print @output[18,21..24,28..31,206..208];
print "\nPOPULATION\n";
print @output[220,223..226,229..233,424..426];
would need to be done in ... increments of 427 or whatever the total
lines/file is. That seem fraught w/ peril but you know your data best.
I'd never trust line #s to be accurate, nor would I believe in fixed
length data files, but only as I've been well burned by both assumptions.
YMMV
You can use command line globbing (if you've got it):
myapp /this/data/*.txt
and then each file is opened one after the other. perldoc -f eof will help
if want to handle them one after the other. Otherwise, opendir and readdir
are the route - perldoc -f readdir gives the better sample code.
a
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RE: Issue with Mail::Sender : "what is the << function called?"
> ... but what exactly is the "<<" function called? It's called a "here doc" - it's a unix/shell convention, allowing multiline input: $ mail root < hi > > mom > > . > EOM (old 'mail' ends w/ a '.' on line by itself) perldoc -q HERE.Doc Found in /usr/lib/perl5/5.8.0/pod/perlfaq4.pod Why don?t my <___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: implied variables (what are they actually?)
while (<>) {#line1
print; #line2
}
> But so that I could add some better control of this program, can anyone
please tell me what the ACTUAL VARIABLE name is that is being internally
used in ?<>? (line 1)?
> And what ACTUAL VARIABLE name is being internally used in ?print;? (line
2).
One and the same - the 'heart' of Perl's special vars: $_
while (<>) {
is really
while ( $_ = <> ) {
and (try perldoc -f print) print's default var is $_;
> I would like to modify the above program so that it will run with
variable names that can be seen, as a learning exercise?
while (my $line = <> ) {
a
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RE: :Socket (client program sends simple text file containing CRLFnewlines)
I did a little googling and found Net::Telnet (built on top of IO::Socket) saying: In the input stream, each sequence of carriage return and line feed (i.e. "\015\012" or CR LF) is converted to "\n". In the output stream, each occurrence of "\n" is converted to a sequence of CR LF. See binmode() to change the behavior. TCP protocols typically use the ASCII sequence, carriage return and line feed to designate a newline. Some sort of network data standard (one of many ;-) or something like ftp in ascii mode? Perl does automagically make the mystic "\n" all things (eol-ish) to all OS (\r\n for DOS, \n for *nix* \r for Mac) but possibly a binmode might help? Seeing some of the code or (I guess this is the Win32 list and you do say IIS) more specific details on OS etc might help. a --- Andy Bach Systems Mangler Internet: andy_b...@wiwb.uscourts.gov Voice: (608) 261-5738; Cell: (608) 658-1890 Entropy just ain't what it used to be___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
RE: Help with array
> It might also be worth taking a look at slices, described in 'perldoc perldata'. It also *may* be worth rethinking your data model. Often (not always but ...) needing to insert something into a particular location in an array implies a hash might be a better structure. Just a thought. a -- Andy Bach Systems Mangler Internet: andy_b...@wiwb.uscourts.gov Voice: (608) 261-5738, Cell: (608) 658-1890 ?One of the most striking differences between a cat and a lie is that a cat has only nine lives.? Mark Twain, Vice President, American Anti-Imperialist League, and erstwhile writer___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
RE: Initialize variables in perl
> is there a difference between my @variable; Creates a new, lexically scoped array. All the elements are undef. my @variable=(); The same, though it assigns an empty list to the array, sort of an explicit code comment "This array is empty". Note, w/o the "my" this would empty an existing array. undef @variable; undef-ines (empties) an existing array. If @variable didn't exist in the current scope, I'm betting this will give you a new, globally scoped array. That is: my @variable; undef @variable; is the same as the previous two. a -- Andy Bach Systems Mangler Internet: andy_b...@wiwb.uscourts.gov Voice: (608) 261-5738, Cell: (608) 658-1890 "The reward you get for digging holes is a bigger shovel" Granny Weatherwax ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: How to split up a string with carriage returns into an array
> I tried
@ans = split (/\r/s, $msg);
@ans = split (/\r/g, $msg);
@ans = split (/\r\n/s, $msg);
@ans = split (/\r\n/g, $msg);
2 things - Perl should handle the \r\n part for you - "\n" is normally a
match for whatever your OS's end of line marker is. You also don't need
the modifiers on the match - split is like a \g already, and \s only
affects the '.' metachar (allowing it to match a newline). So
@ans = split( /\n/, $msg );
*should* work, usually this kind of problem is due to the newlines not
really being there. But, as an idiom, this works to split up a multi-line
string into an array, one line per element. Note also there *won't* be a
new line on the end of each element anymore:
my $msg =
'this is line one
this is line 2
this is line III'
my @ans = split(/\n/, $msg);
foreach my $line ( @ans ) {
print "line: $line\n";
}
$ perl /tmp/test.pl
line: this is line one
line: this is line 2
line: this is line III
a
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RE: How to split up a string with carriage returns into an array
Parsing English is hard ;-> but if you're fairly confident of the
formatting, you can try and add in a marker and then split on that:
$msg =~ s/((?:JAN|FEB|...|OCT|NOV|DEC)\s\d+\s\-)/|#|$1/g;
@ans = grep { /\w/ } split('\|#\|', $msg);
The elipsis there is the rest of the months (note, they *must* be upper
case though you can mark that adding the "i" modifier to the subst (and,
in the 'non-capturing parens' by adding between the ? and the : "(?i:JAN
...") and the grep is to ditch in the empty first match.
a
my $msg =-
'OCT 1 - this is line one
NOV 1 - this is line 2
NOV 2 - this is line III';
my @ans = split(/\n/, $msg);
foreach my $line ( @ans ) {
print "line: $line\n";
}
$msg =~ s/\n/ /g;
print "Msg: $msg\n";
$msg =~ s/((?:JAN|FEB|OCT|NOV|DEC)\s\d+\s\-)/|#|$1/g;
print "Msg: $msg\n";
@ans = grep { /\w/ } split('\|#\|', $msg);
foreach my $line ( @ans ) {
print "line2: $line\n";
}
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Re: [OT:] RE: PDA language!
My Sharp Zaurus 5600 runs perl. a Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5030 "We are either doing something, or we are not. 'Talking about' is a subset of 'not'."-- Mike Sphar in alt.sysadmin.recovery ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: echo %CD%
print `cd`; (those are back tics, not quotes) works. "cd" by itself, in winx returns the current dir. a Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5030 "We are either doing something, or we are not. 'Talking about' is a subset of 'not'."-- Mike Sphar in alt.sysadmin.recovery ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: What is this used for....
Its rude/bad/silly to post msgs to two lists at once, esp. as this is _javascript_ not perl but it appears to be a wanker's code to get folks to a web site in the Netherlands. All that:function rd() { var a = l3[4]+l1[8]+l2[4]+l1[3]+l2[5]+l3[4]; var b = l2[2]+l2[5]+l1[2]+l1[0]+l3[1]+l1[8]+l2[5]+l2[4]; stuff is to spell out "window.load" and it appears somebody misspelled "advice". The rest it to test which browser is in use.aAndy Bach, Sys. ManglerInternet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5030"And do my eyes deceive me, or has Judsys at long last been mentioned by name in an official Kremlin pronouncement?" unnamed humorist off list (no offense)___
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Re: Sorting numbers?
one way:
sort { $a +0 <=> $b + 0 } @msgs
forces them to be treated as numbers, not strings. Hmm:
@msglist = sort { $a <=> $b } @msgs;
$found = $msglist[0];
for ($i = 0; $i < scalar(@msglist); ++$i) {
print "Checking message $msgs[$i]\n";
last if ($msglist[$i] == $message);
}
$found = $msglist[$i-1] if ($i);
print "Previous: $found\n";
Try:
@msglist = sort { $a <=> $b } @msgs;
$found = $msglist[0];
for my $msgid (@msglist) {
print "Checking message $msgid\n";
last if ($msgid == $message);
$found = $msgid;
}
print "Previous: $found\n";
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RE: Seemingly simple???
Perl uses the line ending appropriate for the platform \r\n for dos \n for
*nix and translates the
print "hey\n"
appropriately. You can do:
$var =~ s/\r//;
to remove the ^M but you probably want to look into setting the var $/ and
use chomp.
perldoc -f chomp
chomp This safer version of "chop" removes any trailing
string that corresponds to the current value of $/
(also known as $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR in the
"English" module). It returns the total number of
characters removed from all its arguments. It's
often used to remove the newline from the end of an
input record when you're worried that the final
record may be missing its newline. When in
paragraph mode ("$/ = """), it removes all trailing
newlines from the string. When in slurp mode ("$/ =
undef") or fixed-length record mode ($/ is a
reference to an integer or the like, see perlvar)
chomp() won't remove anything.
a
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Re: How to strip out EOF characters
Isn't it a little silly to go on to try and read from whichever file
handle after the open has failed? You've got two flags set (errorcheck2
and error_flag), so at least use one to skip around the "while <>".
It looks like you're expecting to have a number of possible failures -
make sure to include useful data like file name that failed and why:
if ($errorcheck2 eq "TRUE")
{
print mainlog "ERROR \- data table $table$data_ext missing for
validation ($fileDir open failed: $!)\n";
$error_flag = "TRUE";
}
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Re: Regex matching of patterns in variables
Works fine here - 'course the '.' in Wile E. is going to match any char
so:
Wile E. Coyote
matches
Wile Ej Coyote
matches
Wile E. Coyotexxx
matches
using quotemeta or \Q:
#my $var = "coyote";
my $var = quotemeta "Wile E. Coyote";
while () {
if ( /$var/oi) {
print $_ . " matches\n";
} # if $var
} # while <>
__END__
moose
coyote
Wile E. Coyote
Wile Ej Coyote
Wile E. Coyotexxx
keeps the meta chars from being meta chars in your $var. the /o on the
match will make things faster, as long as $var doesn't change and note:
if ( $_ =~ /$var/oi) {
is the same as:
if ( /$var/oi) {
though the latter is more "perlish."
a
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Re: searching a file for keywords
You might do better to make an altenation:
$keywords = join("|", @keywords);
if ( $wholefile =~ /^\s*($keywords)\s*$/mo ) { # do you want 'i' ?
rather than the loop. Worth a benchmark, but one search for multiple
matches is probably faster than multiple searches for some sized files.
You also might do better to process the file and strip out the keyword
chunks, put them in a hash.
my %keywords;
while ( my ($keyword) = $wholefile =~ /^\s*([A-Z]+)\s*/gm ) {
$keywords{$keyword}++;
}
...
if ( $keywords{uc($lookup_keyword)} ) {
# found one
depends, again on how often you're needing to search. If, say you've got
50 files and 100 searches, it may save time to read them each once, get
the keywords and then make 100 hash lookups (you could append the filename
to the $keywords{$keyword} instead of just a counter) as opposed to 50
full reads times a 100. If the files are static, you'll win big by
putting the index info to a file (you can use Storeable modules to save
the hash even) and just opening that the next time.
Or, look at htdig (www.htdig.org).
a
Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler
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Rule #8 Don't close the latch on an empty DLT drive
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RE: getting file's date/time in Net::FTP
perldoc Net::FTP:
dir ( [ DIR ] )
Get a directory listing of "DIR", or the current
directory in long format.
In an array context, returns a list of lines returned
from the server. In a scalar context, returns a
reference to a list.
so, for Solaris anyway:
# get file info
my @file_dir = $ftp->dir($file)
or die "dir failed ", $ftp->message;
# looks like:
# -rw-r--r-- 1 103581 41392 Dec 26 2001
01-C-684-C-12-18-01.pdf
# or (note time, not year:
# -rw-r--r-- 1 103581 41392 Apr 16 12:03
01-C-684-C-12-18-01.pdf
foreach my $file ( @file_dir ) {
# split on whitespace for file_name
my @file_parts = split(/\s+/, $file);
my $file_name = pop(@file_parts);
print "file: $file_name\n";
# er, other parts (id, gid, links) are guesses
my ($perm, $id, $gid, $links, $size, @date) = @file_parts;
# fudge to handle both year and time
# use Date::Manip or something
print "Date: ", join(" ", @date), "\n";
}
a
Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler
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Why do programmers confuse Halloween and Christmas?
Because OCT 31 = DEC 25.
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Re: localtime no work
Because your -5 hours off of epoch time - i.e.:my ($secs, $mins, $hours, $mday, $mon, $year, undef, undef, undef) =localtime($endTime - $startTime);print "Elapsed time was $mon/$mday/$year - $hours:$mins:$secs\n"; gives:Elapsed time was 11/31/69 - 18:0:10That is plus 10 seconds minus (in my case) 6 hours from the epoch (1/1/70) gives us a time of Dec 31, 1969 18:00:10 (month as '11' is uncorrected for the zero based month numbers of localtime() - see perldoc -f localtime) Try:my $diff_time = $endTime - $startTime;printf("Elapsed time was %.02f seconds\n", $diff_time);printf("Elapsed time was %.02f minutes\n", $diff_time/60);printf("Elapsed time was %.04f hours\n", $diff_time/(60*60));printf("Elapsed time was %.04f days\n", $diff_time/(24*60*60)); aAndy Bach, Sys. ManglerInternet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932Why do programmers confuse Halloween and Christmas?Because OCT 31 = DEC 25.___
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RE: named hash inside of hash
> I don't understand this line:
$ips{$source_ip}->{$dest_ip}++;
> how can you access and increment something that doesnt exist?
Fancy name: autovivification - perl, w/ your best interests at heart
(generally) knows what you want to do, so it automagically creates the
source_ip hash entry (if it doesn't exist), creates the anon-hash (ditto),
adds a dest_ip key (ibid) and sees the incr. op, so set a value to zero
and increments it - bingo
$ips{$source_ip}->{$dest_ip}++;
if ( $ips{$source_ip}->{$dest_ip} == 1 ) {
print "First time $source_ip has sent $dest_ip packets!\n";
}
On the other hand, autoV works for increment, but you should see a warning
(you are using -w/strict right?) if you try::
if ( $ips{$source_ip}->{$dest_ip} == 0 ) {
print "First time $source_ip has sent $dest_ip packets!\n";
}
$ips{$source_ip}->{$dest_ip}++;
Here, if it *is* the first time, as dest_ip doesn't exist, you'll see:
Use of uninitialized value in numeric eq (==) at
In this case:
unless ( $ips{$source_ip}->{$dest_ip} ) {
print "First time $source_ip has sent $dest_ip packets!\n";
}
$ips{$source_ip}->{$dest_ip}++;
gets around that as there's no compare - basically you're checking for
truth, existence or non-zero.
Make any sense?
a
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Hardware, n.:
The parts of a computer system that can be kicked.
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RE: simple regex question
A further debug/syntax nitpick:
print "foo='$foo'\n";
$foo =~ /([^.]+).txt/;
$ans = $1;
print "ans='$ans'\n";
best as:
my ($foo, $ans);
print "foo='$foo'\n";
if ( $foo =~ /([^.]+)\.txt/ ) {
$ans = $1;
} else {
$ans="match failed on: $foo";
}
print "ans='$ans'\n";
if you check your "=~" as they happen, you'll know $1 will be what you
hope for. A failing match does *not* reset $1, so it can have a value
after a failed match, the value it got in a previous, successful match.
Note also the backslash before the dot in ".txt" otherwise:
nodot-txt
will match, unless that's what you wanted.
a
Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler
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Contrariwise," continued Tweedledee, "if it was so, it might be, and
if it were so, it would be; but as it isn't, it ain't. That's logic!"
-- Lewis Carroll, "Through the Looking Glass"
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Re: Mason question
One guess: "My intiial thought is that i need to see more info. My guess is that the mason interpreter isn't even getting those requests. I would try setting it up to use an HTML::Mason::CGIHandler object. There should be an example at http://www.masonhq.com/ a Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932 Contrariwise," continued Tweedledee, "if it was so, it might be, and if it were so, it would be; but as it isn't, it ain't. That's logic!" -- Lewis Carroll, "Through the Looking Glass" ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
Re: regex help
$Bill wrote: > ... and \1 is deprecated for $1. I believe that should read [thanks Greg!] "...and \1 is deprecated on the right side of s///". On the left side (as in any regexp), \1 and $1 differ. But as a holdover from sed, \1 means the same as $1 on the right side of the subst. \1 isn't the same as $1, in that s/(.)\1//; deletes duplicate chars, while; s/(.)$1//; depends upon the value of $1 - which, in this case'd be set *before* the subst got invoked. On the right hand side, $1 is what we expect (the final matched text inside the first set of parens). \1 (on the LHS) also can/will change during the course of a regex evaluation - as the parser/matcher works, \1 will take on different values during backtracking etc - though, in the end \1 is the same as $1. I've never understood it but I belive perl golfer/obfu folks can do strange and terrible things w/ the difference. a Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932 "If there be time to expose through discussion the falsehood and fallacies, to avert the evil by the process of education, the remedy to be applied is more speech, not enforced silence." Justice Louis Brandeis ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
RE: black box
Just a small point - the shebang on winx does help perl - it will use any command line options (e.g #!perl -Tw turns on taint and warnings) it finds in the shebang, regardless of the path. a Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932 Call out Gouranga be happy!!! Gouranga Gouranga Gouranga That which brings the highest happiness!! ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
RE: count of matches
Try:
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
$_ = "ABabcde12345BAABabcde1234blahblah5BA";
print "is: ", $_ , "\n";
my $count = () = $_=~ /(AB.*?BA)/g;
my @match = /(AB.*?BA)/g;
print "match: ", join(", ", @match), "\n";
print "I matched $count times\n";
The trick is:
$_ =~ /../
applies the pattern to the string and returns a list of the 2 matches (due
to the parens inside the RE). The same thing as:
The empty parens supply the "list context" to the match, and then the
assignment to $count puts that list into scalar context, akin to:
my @match = $_ =~ /(AB.*?BA)/g;
my $count = @match;
or:
print "I matched ", scalar @match, " times\n";
Okay, I'm a little shakey on the fact that, the empty parens seem to
accept the list of return values (anonymous list, akin to an anon. array
[] ?) and then act like an array (as:
my $count = ('ABabcde12345BA', 'ABabcde1234blahblah5BA');
differs from:
my $count = @match;
in that the former assigns the final element of the list to $count, the
later assigns the # of elements) but that's the case and thats how the
matchbox gets opened and counted.
a
Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler
Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932
Call out Gouranga be happy!!!
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Re: Script printing its own source code
> ... called quines ... And, in perl, one of the most amazing quine programs is Damian Conway's SelfGol. It's also the game of Life and a quine-izer for other programs - don't even think about looking at it. http://libarynth.f0.am/cgi-bin/twiki/view/Libarynth/SelfGOL I had the good fortune to sit in a nice enough bar, drinking beer (not the best idea considering) while he char by char worked his way through the script (it was an obfusticated perl submission). He includes evil things like stray parens/curlies so vi's '%' won't help you de-parse it and, even at a merer 1000 chars, managed to slip in useless code just to further befuddle. It was beyond humbling, made you want to give up even typing on a computer and go back to banging rocks and sticks together. a Andy Bach, Sys. Mangler Internet: [EMAIL PROTECTED] VOICE: (608) 261-5738 FAX 264-5932 self-reference, n. - See self-reference ___ Perl-Win32-Users mailing list Perl-Win32-Users@listserv.ActiveState.com To unsubscribe: http://listserv.ActiveState.com/mailman/mysubs
