Pythomnic 5.0 - platform for building reliable network services in Python
Pythomnic is a platform for building non-stop middleware around a set of network services. It allows changing source code and configuration on the fly without interrupting the live service. Pythomnic modules can be invisibly migrated from one server to another for redundancy or load balancing. Such middleware can take as much business logic as necessary, from being a simple adapter to an integration platform. New in version 5.0: * RPC channels are protected with cryptographic HMAC signature. * Client request timeouts are rigorously enforced and can be queried from the application code using new pmnc_time_left construct. * Centralized two-phase lock manager can be deployed and used for network-wide mutual exclusion with a pmnc_lock construct. * New shell-like interface allows connecting to a service using telnet and sending it commands for controlling external equipment, software or the service itself. + More documentation http://www.pythomnic.org/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
ANN: LOLPython 1.0
Following along with the current lolcat fad, and taking inspiration from lolcode, I've implemented LOLPython. For details and downloads see http://www.dalkescientific.com/writings/diary/archive/2007/06/01/lolpython.html Here's an example implementation of a Fibonacci number generator SO IM LIKE FIBBING WIT N OK? LOL ITERATE FIBONACCI TERMS LESS THAN N /LOL SO GOOD N BIG LIKE EASTERBUNNY BTW, FIBONACCI LIKE BUNNIES! LOL U BORROW CHEEZBURGER U BORROW CHEEZBURGER I CAN HAZ CHEEZBURGER HE CAN HAZ CHEEZBURGER WHILE I CUTE? I AND HE CAN HAZ HE AND I ALONG WITH HE IZ HE BIG LIKE N? KTHXBYE U BORROW HE The lolpython.py runtime converts LOLPython to Python. def FIBBING ( N ) : 'ITERATE FIBONACCI TERMS LESS THAN N' assert N = 0 # BTW, FIBONACCI LIKE BUNNIES! LOL yield 1 yield 1 I = 1 HE = 1 while 1: I , HE = HE , I + HE if HE = N : break yield HE and by default exec's the translated code. You might also be interested looking at the code because I use PLY for tokenization and translate the token stream into Python code which is then exec'ed. The neatest part was making the exec'ed code act like it was in __main__ using module_name = __main__ python_s = to_python(lolpython_s) m = types.ModuleType(module_name) sys.modules[module_name] = m exec python_s in m.__dict__ which is a trick others might use when implementing interesting import hooks. LOLPython, at http://www.dalkescientific.com/writings/diary/archive/2007/06/01/lolpython.html Please note that LOLPython does not implement the lolcode standard language. While I was influenced by some of the language I wanted something which was semantically equivalent to Python, including support for classes, exceptions and the yield statement. For an implementation of lolcode in Python (and also using PLY) see sjlol at: http://lolcode.com/implementations/sjlol and a full list of implementations at http://lolcode.com/implementations/implementations including IDE support in Visual Studio. Andrew Dalke [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Jun 4)
QOTW: Stop thinking of three lines as 'extensive coding' and your problem disappears immediately. - Steve Holden Hey, did you hear about the object-oriented version of COBOL? They call it 'ADD ONE TO COBOL'. - Tim Roberts EuroPython: Registration is open! http://www.europython.org/sections/registration_issues/registration-open EuroPython in the Python411 Podcast Series http://www.europython.org/sections/tracks_and_talks/announcements/europython-in-python411 Python 2.5 appears to give wrong results on Windows for file creation/modification/last access time - but no, it's right, although the differences are a bit hard to explain: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/890eef2197c6f045 http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/2a73854b3f835d78 The right way to handle Unicode filenames, including Zip archives: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/4d39da08fdddc48b/ The concept of active exception may be a bit obscure - see a great clarification by Duncan Booth in this thread: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/74dc5145c2bb558b However widely it's believed that items in a Tkinter listbox can't be differentially colored, rfg007 knows better: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/a7276ce6910019e5/ itertools.groupby is a great tool. Trying to improve the documentation, contributors arrive at pleasing examples: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/7ef930186a8e5e4c/ What people like about Python, pitfalls, desired features, misfeatures, all in a rather serious and objective thread called -of course- Python rocks! :) http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/2a771ba3d329d57 Python and memory handling: why you don't notice the freed memory, why one should not care, and details on the small-object allocator http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/5d3a5a37048e707e/ If you are concerned on how __special__ methods map onto the internal type structures, or just curious about that, these comments may be useful: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/e86275f51899b0a5/ Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in these pages: Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional center of Pythonia http://www.python.org Notice especially the master FAQ http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the marvelous daily python url http://www.pythonware.com/daily Mygale is a news-gathering webcrawler that specializes in (new) World-Wide Web articles related to Python. http://www.awaretek.com/nowak/mygale.html While cosmetically similar, Mygale and the Daily Python-URL are utterly different in their technologies and generally in their results. The Python Papers aims to publish the efforts of Python enthusiats. http://pythonpapers.org/ Readers have recommended the Planet sites: http://planetpython.org http://planet.python.org comp.lang.python.announce announces new Python software. Be sure to scan this newsgroup weekly. http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djqas_ugroup=comp.lang.python.announce Python411 indexes podcasts ... to help people learn Python ... Updates appear more-than-weekly: http://www.awaretek.com/python/index.html Steve Bethard continues the marvelous tradition early borne by Andrew Kuchling, Michael Hudson, Brett Cannon, Tony Meyer, and Tim Lesher of intelligently summarizing action on the python-dev mailing list once every other week. http://www.python.org/dev/summary/ The Python Package Index catalogues packages. http://www.python.org/pypi/ The somewhat older Vaults of Parnassus ambitiously collects references to all sorts of Python resources. http://www.vex.net/~x/parnassus/ Much of Python's real work takes place on Special-Interest Group mailing lists http://www.python.org/sigs/ Python Success Stories--from air-traffic control to on-line match-making--can inspire you or decision-makers to whom you're subject with a vision of what the language makes practical. http://www.pythonology.com/success The Python Software Foundation (PSF) has replaced the Python Consortium as an independent nexus of activity. It has official responsibility for Python's development and maintenance. http://www.python.org/psf/ Among the ways you can support PSF
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
Gary Herron wrote: The radian is defined as the ratio of an arc of circumfence of a circle to the radius of the circle and is therefore *dimensionless*. End of story. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian and esp. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian#Dimensional_analysis The arguments to sine and cosine must have an associated unit so you know whether to interpret sin(1.2) as sine of an angle measured in degrees or radians (or whatever else). Touché. :) Yes, I think we can all agree on that. /W -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
magic names in python
Hi, I recently started working a lot more in python than I have done in the past. And I discovered something that totally removed the pretty pink clouds of beautifulness that had surrounded my previous python experiences: magic names (I felt almost as sad as when I discovered the strange pink worms that eat you in nethack, not to mention the mind flayers - I really hate them). I guess all programming languages have magic names to some extent (f.x. classes in the C-family have constructors that must have the same name as the class (foo::foo) instead of foo.__init__). I just used a search engine a little on this topic and I found no comprehensive list of magic names in python. So my questions: * is there a comprehensive list of magic names in python (so far i know of __init__ and __repr__)? * are these lists complete or can magic names be added over time (to the python core)? * are magic names the same in different python versions? I also tried (selected parts of(?)) the unittest package for use in Zope and it seemed functions that I created for my test with the magic prefix test were magic, other functions were not. So another question emerges: * is the use of magic names encouraged and/or part of good coding practice. Live long and prosper, Per -- Per Erik Strandberg home: www.pererikstrandberg.se work: www.incf.org also: www.spongswedencare.se -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: magic names in python
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], per9000 wrote: I just used a search engine a little on this topic and I found no comprehensive list of magic names in python. They are usually mentioned in parts of the docs where the relevant functionality is explained. For example in `Special method names`_ in the reference manual. And of course all covered in the reference manual are under `_ (underscore)`_ in its index. In the `library reference's index`_ you'll find some more that are used by modules. .. _`_ (underscore)`: http://docs.python.org/ref/genindex.html#letter-_ .. _library reference's index: http://docs.python.org/lib/genindex.html .. _Special method names: http://docs.python.org/ref/specialnames.html * are these lists complete or can magic names be added over time (to the python core)? Magic names can be added over time. For example the ``with`` statement introduced `__enter__()` and `__exit__()` in Python 2.5. And some special names may even change were the docs say so or if they aren't mentioned at all in the docs. * are magic names the same in different python versions? Yes. So another question emerges: * is the use of magic names encouraged and/or part of good coding practice. What do you mean by use? Implement them to override behavior? Yes, that's their purpose. Invent new magic names? No of course not, they are special for a reason: preventing name clashes with the user's names. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: example: 40286 - 68204
Thanks Steven, I will try to decipher that. Shihpin On 6 4 , 1:45, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Jun 3, 5:23 pm, Shihpin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is there a fuction that reverse the digits of a number? One can use int, str and a slice: print int(str(40286)[::-1]) -- Hope this helps, Steven -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: magic names in python
per9000 wrote: So my questions: * is there a comprehensive list of magic names in python (so far i know of __init__ and __repr__)? * are these lists complete or can magic names be added over time (to the python core)? * are magic names the same in different python versions? I don't believe that there is a full list of all __magic__ methods. The operator module has a fairly extensive listing of functions that call such methods, but I know that some have been left out. Among those that I remember off the top of my head while typing this message... __init__ __new__ __str__ __repr__ __len__ __nonzero__ __hash__ __cmp__ (__eq__, __ne__, __lt__, __gt__, __le__, __ge__) __getattr__ __setattr__ __delattr__ __getitem__ __setitem__ __delitem__ __iter__ __neg__ __not__ There's also the not-magic named, but still somewhat magic .next() method on iterators/generators. - Josiah -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Dict naming, global vs local imports, etc. [was Re: *Naming Conventions*]
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], George Sakkis wrote: While we're at it, although it's not strictly a naming convention issue I still waste brain cycles on where to put the import statements that are used only once or twice in a module. Should (1) all imports be at the global scope at the top of the module, or (2) be imported in the function or method they are actually used ? […] Reasons for (2) --- - Point of import closer to point of use; easy to notice if a given import is not used any more after refactoring. `pylint` reports unused imported names. I don't follow PEP8 only if it's not possible otherwise. But cyclic imports are bad anyway. :-) And if the import is *really* expensive and only needed in some special circumstances. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: int vs long
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli wrote: Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dan Bishop [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: If you ever do, it's trivial to write your own enumerate(): def enumerate(seq): index = 0 for item in seq: yield (index, item) index += 1 That's a heck of a lot slower than the builtin, and if you're running it often enough for sys.maxint to be an issue, you may care about the speed. Perhaps itertools.izip(itertools.count(), seq) might be faster (haven't timed it, but itertools tends to be quite fast). I think correct is more important than fast. `itertools.count()` has the same issues that `enumerate()`: from itertools import count from sys import maxint c = count(maxint) c.next() 2147483647 c.next() -2147483648 What I find most disturbing here, is that it happens silently. I would have expected an exception instead of the surprise. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: int vs long
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote: In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Alex Martelli wrote: Paul Rubin http://[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dan Bishop [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: If you ever do, it's trivial to write your own enumerate(): def enumerate(seq): index = 0 for item in seq: yield (index, item) index += 1 That's a heck of a lot slower than the builtin, and if you're running it often enough for sys.maxint to be an issue, you may care about the speed. Perhaps itertools.izip(itertools.count(), seq) might be faster (haven't timed it, but itertools tends to be quite fast). This approach is indeed much faster than the hand-crafted generator (10 vs 240% slowdown on my machine compared to the builtin) I think correct is more important than fast. `itertools.count()` has the same issues that `enumerate()`: from itertools import count from sys import maxint c = count(maxint) c.next() 2147483647 c.next() -2147483648 What I find most disturbing here, is that it happens silently. I would have expected an exception instead of the surprise. This is fixed in Python2.5: from itertools import count import sys c = count(sys.maxint) c.next(), c.next() (2147483647, 2147483648L) Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: int vs long
Paul Rubin wrote: Dan Bishop [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: If you ever do, it's trivial to write your own enumerate(): def enumerate(seq): index = 0 for item in seq: yield (index, item) index += 1 That's a heck of a lot slower than the builtin, and if you're running it often enough for sys.maxint to be an issue, you may care about the speed. Yes, but the overall slowdown is probably still negligable when you are doing anything useful inside the for loop. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: magic names in python
On Jun 4, 9:11 am, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In [EMAIL PROTECTED], per9000 wrote: [...] So another question emerges: * is the use of magic names encouraged and/or part of good coding practice. What do you mean by use? Implement them to override behavior? Yes, that's their purpose. Invent new magic names? No of course not, they are special for a reason: preventing name clashes with the user's names. [in my taste: UGLY] I think of something like this: Perhaps I create a class that works with a lot of files, and with inheritance new types of files can be opened and worked with. When it is time for an instance of this class to die the files need to be closed - perhaps right now and not when it is suitable for the garbage collector. To facilitate this I create a number of functions with names like close_*_file (f.x. close_indata_file, close_outdata_file, close_error_file etc). (compare with [PyTest| unittest] test* names.) If this class has been inherited to some other class that works with more than one indata file perhaps we want to magically close all files that are open by calling all function in this instance that has names matching close_*_file. I would consider this an ugly way of solving it. [in my taste: NICER] I'd perhaps add file-handles to some list (and encourage inherited classes to use this list) and close everything in the list. I would not use magic wildcard names. So in other words: Do I need to go to yellow alert, and watch out for magic names in non-core add-on packages to python? Or should I just RTFM a little more? (I hate RTFM'ing.) Live long and prosper, Per -- Per Erik Strandberg home: www.pererikstrandberg.se work: www.incf.org also: www.spongswedencare.se -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python memory handling
Greets,
Sorry for my late answer, google groups lost my post...
First, thanks you for your explanations about memory handling in the
os and python.
I've tried with python 2.5 under linux :
For the parsing of a 66 Mb xml file with cElementTree :
When starting python : 2.1 Mb private memory used
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ElementTree #3.4 Mb used
et=ElementTree.parse('otherdata.xml') #218.6 Mb used
del et #43.3 Mb used
et=ElementTree.parse('otherdata.xml') #218.6 Mb used
del et #60.6 Mb used
et=ElementTree.parse('otherdata.xml') #218.6 Mb used
del et #54.1 Mb used
et=ElementTree.parse('otherdata.xml') #218.6 Mb used
del et #54.1 Mb used
et=ElementTree.parse('otherdata.xml') #218.6 Mb used
del et #54.1 Mb used
Why does I have a such erratic memory freeing ?
I've tried the same test many time with a new interpreter and I've got
43.3 Mb after the first free and 54.1 Mb after the others.
If there is a memory pool limit in list ans dict, why can't I goes
back to 43.3 or 54.1 Mb all the times ?
I've tried using readlines():
When starting python : 2.1 Mb private memory used
f=open('otherdata.xml') #2.2 Mb used
data=f.readlines() #113 Mb used
del data #2.7 Mb used
f.seek(0) #2.7 Mb used
data=f.readlines() #113 Mb used
del data #2.7 Mb used
That time I have a good memory handling (for my definition of memory
handling)
So is there a problem with cElementTree ?
I've done a last test with ElementTree :
When starting python : 2.1 Mb private memory used
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ElementTree #3.2 Mb used
et=ElementTree.parse('otherdata.xml') #211.4 Mb used (but very
slow :p)
del et #21.4 Mb used
et=ElementTree.parse('otherdata.xml') #211.4 Mb used
del et #29.8 Mb used
So why does I have such differences in memory freeing ? Only due to
fragmentation ?
Anyway, python 2.5 has a better memory handling than 2.4, but still
not perfect for me.
I think I've not really understood the problem with the use of malloc
(fragmentation,...)
Thanks for your help
Regards,
FP
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Strange behavior in Windows
En Sat, 02 Jun 2007 15:31:40 -0300, Jakob Svavar Bjarnason [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: I have been trying to switch to Python from other languages such as Perl and now I have a newbie question. I have been trying to run a setup script to install a python library. To do that I need to run c: python setup.py install but the strange thing is is that when it runs the command: from distutils import log I get the error ONLY while in cmd. If I run this from the interactive shell that comes with IDLE it works. But if I go into the interactive shell in the Windows shell cmd then I get: ImportError: cannot import log Maybe you have two different versions installed? Try this and post what you get: import sys print sys.version print sys.executable print sys.path both from inside IDLE and the console. Python versions earlier than 2.3 did not have a distutils.log module. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
Gary Herron wrote: Wildemar Wildenburger wrote: Gary Herron wrote: Of course not! Angles have units, commonly either degrees or radians. However, sines and cosines, being ratios of two lengths, are unit-less. To understand it: sin() can't have dimensioned argument. It is can't to be - sin(meters) No it's sin(radians) or sin(degrees). NO! The radian is defined as the ratio of an arc of circumfence of a circle to the radius of the circle and is therefore *dimensionless*. End of story. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian and esp. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radian#Dimensional_analysis *grunt* No, not end-of-story. Neither of us are being precise enough here. To quote from your second link: Although the radian is a unit of measure, it is a dimensionless quantity. But NOTE: Radians and degrees *are* units of measure., however those units are dimensionless quantities , i.e., not a length or a time etc. The arguments to sine and cosine must have an associated unit so you know whether to interpret sin(1.2) as sine of an angle measured in degrees or radians (or whatever else). Gary Herron Sorry about entering the discussion so late, and not sure I repeat one of the messages. But can't we see it this way: radians / degrees (which one 360 or 400) are just mathematical scaling factors, like kilo, mega etc. If a wheel is turning around at 2*pi*100 [rad /sec] does something physical change is we leave the radian out the wheeel is turning at 100 [1/sec] No it's now called frequency, and has just some different scaling. SQRT of rad/sec ? Yes, in electronics the noise density is often expressed in [nV/SQRT(Hz)] cheers, Stef Mientki -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: magic names in python
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], per9000 wrote: On Jun 4, 9:11 am, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In [EMAIL PROTECTED], per9000 wrote: [...] So another question emerges: * is the use of magic names encouraged and/or part of good coding practice. What do you mean by use? Implement them to override behavior? Yes, that's their purpose. Invent new magic names? No of course not, they are special for a reason: preventing name clashes with the user's names. [in my taste: UGLY] I think of something like this: Perhaps I create a class that works with a lot of files, and with inheritance new types of files can be opened and worked with. When it is time for an instance of this class to die the files need to be closed - perhaps right now and not when it is suitable for the garbage collector. To facilitate this I create a number of functions with names like close_*_file (f.x. close_indata_file, close_outdata_file, close_error_file etc). (compare with [PyTest| unittest] test* names.) If this class has been inherited to some other class that works with more than one indata file perhaps we want to magically close all files that are open by calling all function in this instance that has names matching close_*_file. I would consider this an ugly way of solving it. [in my taste: NICER] I'd perhaps add file-handles to some list (and encourage inherited classes to use this list) and close everything in the list. I would not use magic wildcard names. So in other words: Do I need to go to yellow alert, and watch out for magic names in non-core add-on packages to python? Or should I just RTFM a little more? (I hate RTFM'ing.) Now I'm a little confused. What does this have to do with magic names? I thought you are talking about names that start and end with two underscores (`__magic__`)!? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: int vs long
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Peter Otten wrote: Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote: from itertools import count from sys import maxint c = count(maxint) c.next() 2147483647 c.next() -2147483648 What I find most disturbing here, is that it happens silently. I would have expected an exception instead of the surprise. This is fixed in Python2.5: from itertools import count import sys c = count(sys.maxint) c.next(), c.next() (2147483647, 2147483648L) Hm, my test above was from 2.5!? Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Create a new class on the fly
Alex Martelli wrote: Thanks for snipping all the actual helpful stuff I posted, it makes SO much easier for me to be snide! You can find a few examples of me demonstrating the subject of your interest by searching for my name e.g. on video.google.com; searching for my name on Amazon will show some books using similar techniques, and searching for my name on groups.google.com will find about 50,000 posts many of which exhibit essentially the same approach. Unfortunately, I can't currently offer such courses commercially while staying employed as Uber Tech Lead for Google, Inc, but if the monies on offer make it worth my while for me to drop million bucks worth of stock options, plus a vigorish for my other comp package _and_ the incredible amount of happiness I get every day from my job (where I get to interact with truly brlliant people, who, if and when they leave an erroneous snippet in, are GRATEFUL to me for pointing it out, rather than RESENTFUL and DEFENSIVE), I'll surely consider that most seriously (as long as the monies in question are in escrow for my personal reassurance). Until such conditions should obtain, I'll just have to keep freely helping the people who are WORTH helping, and poking sarcastic funs at those who prove themselves ot be a waste of oxygen instead. May you have the life you deserve, I'm new to all this, but I didn't get the impression that sickeningly smug self-satisfaction was a pythonic characteristic. Let's hope for a Waco (cults, siege, bloodbath) style conclusion to the Google story. That would be truly (Monty) Pythonic. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: if you are discordant read more :P : sine is a dimensionless value. if we expand sine in taylor series sin(x) = x - (x^3)/6 + (x^5)/120 etc. you can see that sin can be dimensionless only if x is dimensionless too. I am a professional physicist and a know about what I talk No you don't. I'm a student of physics, and I know better: First of all, what you have presented here is called the MacLaurin series. It is however a special case of the Taylor series, so you are correct. I just thought I'd let you know. (Sorry to sound like a bitch here, i love smartassing ;)) Let me start by saying that *if* x had a dimension, none of the terms in your expansion would have the same dimension. A well well-versed physicist's head should, upon seeing such a thing, explode so as to warn the other physicists that something is terribly off there. How (ye gods!) do you add one metre to one square-metre? You don't, that's how! OK, the *actual* form of the MacLaurin series for some function f(x) is f(x) = f(0) + x/1! f'(0) + x^2/2! f''(0) + ... So in each term of the sum you have a derivative of f, which in the case of the sine function translates to sine and cosine functions at the point 0. It's not like you're rid of the function just by doing a polynomial expansion. The only way to *solve* this is to forbid x from having a dimension. At least *I* see no other way. Do you? /W (Don't take this as a personal attack, please. I'm a good guy, I just like mathematical nitpicking.) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: int vs long
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote: In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Peter Otten wrote: Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote: from itertools import count from sys import maxint c = count(maxint) c.next() 2147483647 c.next() -2147483648 What I find most disturbing here, is that it happens silently. I would have expected an exception instead of the surprise. This is fixed in Python2.5: from itertools import count import sys c = count(sys.maxint) c.next(), c.next() (2147483647, 2147483648L) Hm, my test above was from 2.5!? Then your installation is broken. What does import itertools itertools module 'itertools' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/itertools.so' print? By the way, here's what I get if I force the wrong library upon python2.5: /usr/local/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload $ python2.5 Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Oct 3 2006, 08:48:09) [GCC 3.3.3 (SuSE Linux)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. sys:1: RuntimeWarning: Python C API version mismatch for module readline: This Python has API version 1013, module readline has version 1012. import itertools __main__:1: RuntimeWarning: Python C API version mismatch for module itertools: This Python has API version 1013, module itertools has version 1012. itertools module 'itertools' from 'itertools.so' import sys c = itertools.count(sys.maxint) c.next(), c.next() (2147483647, -2147483648) Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
Wildemar Wildenburger wrote: So in each term of the sum you have a derivative of f, which in the case of the sine function translates to sine and cosine functions at the point 0. It's not like you're rid of the function just by doing a polynomial expansion. The only way to *solve* this is to forbid x from having a dimension. At least *I* see no other way. Do you? That was precisely his point. The Maclaurin series (not MacLaurin) only makes any sense if the independent variable is dimensionless. And thus, by implication, so it is also the case for the original function. -- Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM, Y!M erikmaxfrancis The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining. -- John F. Kennedy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
Erik Max Francis wrote: Wildemar Wildenburger wrote: So in each term of the sum you have a derivative of f, which in the case of the sine function translates to sine and cosine functions at the point 0. It's not like you're rid of the function just by doing a polynomial expansion. The only way to *solve* this is to forbid x from having a dimension. At least *I* see no other way. Do you? That was precisely his point. The Maclaurin series (not MacLaurin) only makes any sense if the independent variable is dimensionless. And thus, by implication, so it is also the case for the original function. No that was not his point. Maybe he meant it, but he said something profoundly different. To quote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: if we expand sine in taylor series sin(x) = x - (x3)/6 + (x5)/120 etc. you can see that sin can be dimensionless only if x is dimensionless too. This argumentation gives x (and sin(x)) the option of carrying a unit. That however is *not* the case. This option does not exist. Until someone proves the opposite, of course. Geez, I love stuff like that. Way better than doing actual work. :D /W (PS: THX for the MacLaurinMaclaurin note. I can't help that appearantly; I also write 'LaGrange' all the time.) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: int vs long
On Mon, 4 Jun 2007 10:50:14, Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote This is fixed in Python2.5: Hm, my test above was from 2.5!? Then your installation is broken. What does import itertools itertools module 'itertools' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/itertools.so' print? Maybe it's a problem with the Windows build of Python 2.5 , | Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 | 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 | Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. | import sys | import itertools | itertools | module 'itertools' (built-in) | c = itertools.count(sys.maxint) | c.next() | Traceback (most recent call last): | File stdin, line 1, in module | OverflowError: cannot count beyond LONG_MAX | ` -- Doug Woodrow -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: magic names in python
per9000 wrote: On Jun 4, 9:11 am, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In [EMAIL PROTECTED], per9000 wrote: [...] So another question emerges: * is the use of magic names encouraged and/or part of good coding practice. What do you mean by use? Implement them to override behavior? Yes, that's their purpose. Invent new magic names? No of course not, they are special for a reason: preventing name clashes with the user's names. [in my taste: UGLY] I think of something like this: Perhaps I create a class that works with a lot of files, and with inheritance new types of files can be opened and worked with. When it is time for an instance of this class to die the files need to be closed - perhaps right now and not when it is suitable for the garbage collector. To facilitate this I create a number of functions with names like close_*_file (f.x. close_indata_file, close_outdata_file, close_error_file etc). (compare with [PyTest| unittest] test* names.) If this class has been inherited to some other class that works with more than one indata file perhaps we want to magically close all files that are open by calling all function in this instance that has names matching close_*_file. I would consider this an ugly way of solving it. [in my taste: NICER] I'd perhaps add file-handles to some list (and encourage inherited classes to use this list) and close everything in the list. I would not use magic wildcard names. This is a completely different topic than the usage of magic names in python to allow e.g. operator overloading and the like. So in other words: Do I need to go to yellow alert, and watch out for magic names in non-core add-on packages to python? Or should I just RTFM a little more? (I hate RTFM'ing.) Certainly RTFM. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WSGI/wsgiref: modifying output on windows ?
On Jun 3, 10:11 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I am currently trying to port my web software AFoC http://afoc.k.vu to Windows and have hit a strange problem: it seams that binary files (PNG images in this case) get distorted by wsgiref. (I have tried both the CGIHandler with both Xitami and Apache2 and WSGIServer). I have just realised that the WSGIServer works after all, I do not know why I thought it didn't. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Non-blocking subprocess call
Kevin Walzer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm currently using os.popen in an application of mine, which calls for
non-blocking data, in this fashion:
self.file = os.popen('echo %s | sudo -S /sw/bin/fink -y install %s' %
(self.passtext, self.packagename), 'r', os.O_NONBLOCK)
What is the equivalent/comparable call in the new subprocess module? I
can't find any reference in the Python docs to non-blocking
streams.
You'll probably be better off with the pexpect module for this
http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/
Doesn't work on windows. Looks like you are doing OS X though so
should work fine there
--
Nick Craig-Wood [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick
--
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making a opc client in Python and use opc server Events
Hi all
I have a sample code to implement opc client in Python. i use a
file .py making by makepy with pythonwin for Com Interface.
i can get all server in machine, connect to server opc, disconnect,
add group, add item, read, write item in server opc.
import win32com.client # librairie pour utiliser l'interface COM/DCOM
from win32com.client import gencache
gencache.EnsureModule('{DFB83232-A952-11D2-A46B-00C04F796375}', 0, 1,
0)
for svr in opcserver.GetOPCServers():
print svr
#connect to server OPC Demo Simulation from Matrikon
opcserver.Connect('Matrikon.OPC.Simulation.1')
# Instance object Groups
groups=opcserver.OPCGroups
#add group
group=groups.Add('Group1')
#instance onject Items
items=group.OPCItems
# add item in server opc
tem=items.AddItem('File1.item1',1)
#read item value
item.Read(win32com.client.constants.OPCDevice)
# write a new value
item.Write(100)
#read item value
item.Read(win32com.client.constants.OPCDevice)
#if no pb you have 100 :)
#Disconnect
#opcserver.Disconnect()
BUT, and BUT, i want to use a event from opc server for uodating item
value with this below class. And i don't konw how make it
help me plz
opcserver=win32com.client.Dispatch('OPC.Automation.1')
and now i want to use events from opc server. in a class:
class DIOPCGroupEvent:
class DIOPCGroupsEvent:
class DIOPCServerEvent:
--
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Re: int vs long
In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Peter Otten wrote: Hm, my test above was from 2.5!? Then your installation is broken. What does import itertools itertools module 'itertools' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/itertools.so' print? Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Oct 6 2006, 15:22:41) [GCC 4.1.2 20060928 (prerelease) (Ubuntu 4.1.1-13ubuntu4)] on linux2 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import itertools itertools module 'itertools' from '/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/itertools.so' By the way, here's what I get if I force the wrong library upon python2.5: /usr/local/lib/python2.4/lib-dynload $ python2.5 Python 2.5 (r25:51908, Oct 3 2006, 08:48:09) [GCC 3.3.3 (SuSE Linux)] on linux2 Seems to be the same Python version, just build three days earlier and with a different GCC version. Weird. Ciao, Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: sine is a dimensionless value. if we expand sine in taylor series sin(x) = x - (x^3)/6 + (x^5)/120 etc. you can see that sin can be dimensionless only if x is dimensionless too. With y = x^2 = 1/3 pi^2 - 4(cos x - cos(2x)/2^2 + cos(3x)/3^2 - ...) area is dimensionless, too, I suppose. I am a professional physicist and a know about what I talk Then you can kindly point me to the flaw in that logic :-) Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
Steve Howell je napisao/la: some European alphabets: Spanish -- accented, includes digraphs ch and ll German -- accented French -- accented Italian -- accented, no J/K/W/X/Y what about slavic languages? in croatian you have five accented letters plus three letters for digrahps. russian, bulgarian, serbian, macedonian, ukranian etc. use cyrilic alphabet (lets not forget that russia isn't that small - around 150 million people), polish also has some of its own characters... all in all, it is estimated that some 400 million people speak slavic languages... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: int vs long
Douglas Woodrow wrote: On Mon, 4 Jun 2007 10:50:14, Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote This is fixed in Python2.5: Hm, my test above was from 2.5!? Then your installation is broken. What does import itertools itertools module 'itertools' from '/usr/local/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload/itertools.so' print? Maybe it's a problem with the Windows build of Python 2.5 , | Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 | 32 bit (Intel)] on win32 | Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. | import sys | import itertools | itertools | module 'itertools' (built-in) | c = itertools.count(sys.maxint) | c.next() | Traceback (most recent call last): | File stdin, line 1, in module | OverflowError: cannot count beyond LONG_MAX | ` Revision 51950 check-in message: * regression bug, count_next was coercing a Py_ssize_t to an unsigned Py_size_t which breaks negative counts * added test for negative numbers will backport to 2.5.1 Turns out I was wrong, count() does not escalate from int to long correctly. It just had an unsigned internal counter in 2.5. Sorry for the confusion. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Comments appreciated on Erlang inspired Process class.
Brian L. Troutwine [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Lately I've been tinkering around with Erlang and have begun to sorely want some of its features in Python, mostly the ease at which new processes can be forked off for computation. To that end I've coded up a class I call, boringly enough, Process. It takes a function, its args and keywords and runs the function in another process using os.fork. Processes can be treated as callables to retrieve the return value of the passed in function. The code is pasted here: http://deadbeefbabe.org/paste/4972. A simple exposition of Process is included at the end of the code in some __main__ magic. (Note: The code will not run on any system which lacks os.fork and spawns 100 child processes while running.) I'd very much appreciate people to look the code over and give me their reactions to it, or suggests for improvement. As it stands, I see three major defects with the current implementation: 1) Process hangs forever if its child errors out. 2) Process isn't portable because of its use of os.fork(). 3) Process should use AF_UNIX when available instead of TCP. You could use os.pipe() or socket.socketpair(). It would simplify the code a lot too! The biggest problem I see is that there is no non-blocking way of seeing whether the Process() has finished or not, and no way to wait on more than one Process() at once. If there is an exception then you should return it to the parent (see the subprocess module for an example). -- Nick Craig-Wood [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: int vs long
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch wrote: Seems to be the same Python version, just build three days earlier and with a different GCC version. Weird. Indeed. Also, it seems to prove the explanation wrong that I just in response to Douglas' post... Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: c[:]()
Marc 'BlackJack' Rintsch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] || Warren Stringer wanted to call the functions just for the side effects | without interest in the return values. So building a list of return | values which is immediately thrown away is a waste of time and memory. Also unnecessary: for f in callables: f() What do you mean? This is very relevant to what I need to implement now. I am converting a domain specific language script into python statements. For debugging the script gets parsed and generates a .py file. The final bypasses the intermediate step; instead it parses the script and does something like this: code = compile(_call,ParseCall,'exec') for coname in code.co_names: ... cleanup goes here exec code in self._dict I am already worried about speed. There are about 2000 macro statements that look like this: demo4:demo.stop() ball.smooth() video.live() preset.video.straight() view.front3d() luma.real() seq[:]lock(1) In this example, the preprocessor translates the statements into a list of 10 callable objects. That last `seq[:]lock(1)` statement generates 4 objects on its own. All of the __getattr__ resolution is done in the preprocessor step. For the sort term version are no return values. For the long term version, there may be return statements, but prefer simplest, for now. It sounds like list comprehension may be slower because it builds a list that never gets used. I'm curious if eval statements are faster than def statements? Any bytecode experts? Sorry if I got sidetracked on philosophical discussion, earlier. The above example is lifted from a working c++ version with a tweaked syntax. This is a real problem that I need to get working in a couple weeks. As an aside, the code base will be open source. Much appreciated, \~/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: c[:]()
Warren Stringer wrote: demo4:demo.stop() ball.smooth() video.live() preset.video.straight() view.front3d() luma.real() seq[:]lock(1) You're way off in la-la land, now. It sounds like list comprehension may be slower because it builds a list that never gets used. I'm curious if eval statements are faster than def statements? Any bytecode experts? Are you serious? Something that builds a list that never gets used is exactly what you were proposing this whole time. -- Erik Max Francis [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA 37 20 N 121 53 W AIM, Y!M erikmaxfrancis Get there first with the most men. -- Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest, 1821-1877 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ctypes: error passing a list of str to a fortran dll
I'm using ctypes to call a fortran dll from python. I have no problems passing integer and double arryas, but I have an error with str arrys. For example: StringVector = c_char_p * len(id) # id is a list of strings Id_dat=StringVector() for i in range(len(Id)): ...Id_dat[i]=id[i] n=c_int(len(Id_dat)) myDll = windll.LoadLibrary(org) myDll.myFunc(byref(n), byref(Id_dat)) and then ValueError: Procedure probably called with not enough arguments (4 bytes missing) In a similar way I have bo problemns with int or double arryas Some suggestions are wellcome ! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
--- [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: what about slavic languages? in croatian you have five accented letters plus three letters for digrahps. russian, bulgarian, serbian, macedonian, ukranian etc. use cyrilic alphabet (lets not forget that russia isn't that small - around 150 million people), polish also has some of its own characters... all in all, it is estimated that some 400 million people speak slavic languages... Agreed, but FWIW, if you compared Slavic-writing people to Chinese-writing people, I would think that a higher percentage of Slavic-writing people would be bilingual in terms of their ability to write code in non-Slavic alphabets, due to various cultural/geographical factors. I don't predict a huge upswing in Slavic-writing Python programmers after PEP 3131, even among children. It's here! Your new message! Get new email alerts with the free Yahoo! Toolbar. http://tools.search.yahoo.com/toolbar/features/mail/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
Peter Otten wrote: With y = x^2 = 1/3 pi^2 - 4(cos x - cos(2x)/2^2 + cos(3x)/3^2 - ...) area is dimensionless, too, I suppose. Ehr, ... maybe this is obvious, but I don't see it: Please explain the second equality sign. /W -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: WSGI/wsgiref: modifying output on windows ?
On Jun 3, 10:11 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED]
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Might this be a bug in wsgiref ? I will hopefully be able to do some
more testing, ...
The following simple CGI script should, AFAIK, on any platform, output
exactly the file specified in code. It does not on Apache 2 on
Windows; I believe this to be a bug in wsgiref.handlers.CGIHandler.
Can someone test this in a similar environment (Windows+a web server?)
to confirm this ? (The first two lines need to be edited depending on
the site)
#!c:\python25\python.exe
fname, type = r'c:\hdr.png', 'image/png'
from wsgiref.handlers import CGIHandler
def wsgiapp(env, start_response):
f = file(fname, 'rb')
start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', type)])
return [f.read()]
CGIHandler().run(wsgiapp)
--
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Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
Wildemar Wildenburger wrote: Peter Otten wrote: With y = x^2 = 1/3 pi^2 - 4(cos x - cos(2x)/2^2 + cos(3x)/3^2 - ...) area is dimensionless, too, I suppose. Ehr, ... maybe this is obvious, but I don't see it: Please explain the second equality sign. I know not much more about Fourier series than that they do exist, so let me refer you to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_series for a general explanation, and to http://www.exampleproblems.com/wiki/index.php/FS6 for the series given above. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python 2.5.1 broken os.stat module
Martin v. Löwis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] It appears that you may have missed part of my tests. Sorry it was such a long reply but I was trying to provide a lot of detail so that others had a clear understanding of what was going on. Please understand that it is *extremely* tedious to follow your messages. It would have been much better if they had been short and to the point. Changing the timezone will defintely change the textual representation of all timestamps just as you say (even though the actual UTC value has *not* changed), however, when DST starts/ends the textual representation of the timestamps on some files WILL ALSO CHANGE when the automatically adjust for DST setting is turned on. Right, and that's because switching to DST means that YOU MOVE TO A DIFFERENT TIME ZONE. EST != EDT. While it is true that I did change the timezone in the first part of the test (to establish the baseline), in the second part of the tests where the difference you are referring to occured, the timezone was *not* changed, the only thng that occured was that DST started. And that meant that the time zone *did* change. When the date progressed to a point after DST had started Windows now reports the timestamp on that *unmodified* file now is 01/01/2007 08:00 PM. I did not change the timezone, the only thing that occurred was DST started. So you did change the timezone. Over the years this issue has caused all sorts of problems for backup programs and CVS (greatly detailed in the article I provided the link for). That is very hard to believe. CVS and backup programs use the UTC time stamp, and completely ignore the timezone. So when you agree that the UTC time stamp did not change, CVS and the backup programs will work just fine. There was a long-standing problem with changing time-stamps ON FAT. On a FAT file system, the actual UTC time stamps change when the timezone changes (including the change to and from DST). *That* was a big problem for backup programs and CVS, and is now fixed with NTFS. You mixed up my tests, in that case as shown above the timezone did *not* change, the only thing that changed was that DST started and the file was created during a time when DST was not in effect. Right, so the timezone did change. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python 2.5.1 broken os.stat module
There is a conflict with the answers that you and Terry have given. The original issue I raised was that I Python 2.5.1 and Windows did not have the same textual represenation for a localize date. You have stood true to the statements that Python 2.5.1 is correct and that previous versions were wrong. I agree with you that Python 2.5.1 is correct which means that Windows is showing the incorrect dates. Since that point in time you and Terry have disagreed with my statements regarding timezones and DST. All dates in my below comments are the textual representation of those dates from Windows or from Python 2.5.1 For the test file created at 01/02/2007 07:00 PM. From that date up until just before DST starts both Windows AND Python 2.5.1 will report that date as 01/02/2007 07:00 PM. Once DST starts Python 2.5.1 will still report that date as 01/02/2007 07:00 PM, however Windows will now report that date as 01/02/2007 at 08:00 PM. I agree and believe that Python 2.5.1 is reporting the correct textual representation of that timestamp, however, using *your* logic that a DST change *is a timezone change* that would mean that Python 2.5.1 is wrong and should be reporting the date 1 hour later just as Windows is reporting. You cannot have it both ways. If a DST change is the same as a timezone change then Python 2.5.1 should be reporting the dates that Windows reports. If a DST change is NOT the same as a timezone change then Python 2.5.1 should be reporting the dates that it currently is. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python 2.5.1 broken os.stat module
Perspective is often the source of problems with communication. You view timezones and DST as offsets from GMT. I understand and respect that perspective. When I think of timezones and DST I think of the timezone setting and the DST setting in Windows. These settings are two separate settings in Windows that can be configured individually and independent of each other. When I think of a time I think of somedate, sometime, Eastern Standard Time (EST) OR somedate, sometime, Eastern Standard Time Daylight Saving Time (EST DST) If you view things from my perspective then I would hope my comments become more clear. Last night I was talking to my wife about this discussion (I need to get a life :-)) and she came up with an analogy that I like even better than my TV analogy. Suppose she has a baby 01/02/2007 07:00 PM. Today, a time after DST has started for this region someone asks her when her baby was born. Here answer would be 01/02/2007 07:00 PM. If we ask Windows that same question it would be 01/02/2007 08:00 PM. Please see my other response to Martin because using your logic of a DST change is a timezone change that would mean that the textual representation of dates by Python 2.5.1 is WRONG. I don't believe that to be true but you cannot have it both ways, if a DST change is a timezone change then Python should show the same dates as Windows does, if it is not the same then Python should show the dates that it is. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: another thread on Python threading
On Jun 4, 3:10 am, Josiah Carlson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I've recently been working on an application[1] which does quite a bit of searching through large data structures and string matching, and I was thinking that it would help to put some of this CPU-intensive work in another thread, but of course this won't work because of Python's GIL. If you are doing string searching, implement the algorithm in C, and call out to the C (remembering to release the GIL). There's a lot of past discussion on this, and I want to bring it up again because with the work on Python 3000, I think it is worth trying to take a look at what can be done to address portions of the problem through language changes. Not going to happen. All Python 3000 PEPs had a due-date at least a month ago (possibly even 2), so you are too late to get *any* substantial change in. I remember reading (though I can't find it now) one person's attempt at true multithreaded programming involved adding a mutex to all object access. The obvious question though is - why don't other true multithreaded languages like Java need to lock an object when making changes? From what I understand, the Java runtime uses fine-grained locking on all objects. You just don't notice it because you don't need to write the acquire()/release() calls. It is done for you. (in a similar fashion to Python's GIL acquisition/release when switching threads) The problem is CPython's reference counting. Access to reference counts must be synchronized. Java, IronPython and Jython uses another scheme for the garbage collector and do not need a GIL. Changing CPython's garbage collection from reference counting to a generational GC will be a major undertaking. There are also pros and cons to using reference counts instead of 'modern' garbage collectors. For example, unless there are cyclic references, one can always know when an object is garbage collected. One also avoids periodic delays when garbage are collected, and memory use can be more modest then a lot of small temporary objects are being used. Also beware that the GIL is only a problem for CPU bound code. IO bound code is not slowed by the GIL. The Python runtime itself is a bigger problem for CPU bound code. In C or Fortran, writing parallell algorithms for multiprocessor systems typically involves using OpenMP or MPI. Parallelizing algorithms using manual threading should be discouraged. It is far better to insert a compiler directive (#pragma omp) and let an OpenMP compiler to the job. There are a number of different options for exploiting multiple CPUs from CPython, including: - MPI (e.g. mpi4py or PyMPI) - PyPar - os.fork() on Linux or Unix - subprocess.Popen - C extensions that use OpenMP - C extensions that spawn threads (should be discouraged!) They also have a nice little decorator-like thingy (I'm not a Java guy, so I don't know the name exactly) called 'synchronize', which locks and unlocks the object when accessing it through a method. A similar Python 'synchronized' function decorator may look like this: def synchronized(fun): from threading import RLock rl = RLock() def decorator(*args,**kwargs): with rl: retv = fun(*args,**kwargs) return retv return decorator It is not possible to define a 'synchronized' block though, as Python do not have Lisp macros :( - Josiah == Why hasn't __slots__ been successful? == I very rarely see Python code use __slots__. I think there are several reasons for this. The first is that a lot of programs don't need to optimize on this level. The second is that it's annoying to use, because it means you have to type your member variables *another* time (in addition to __init__ for example), which feels very un- Pythonic. == Defining object attributes == In my Python code, one restriction I try to follow is to set all the attributes I use for an object in __init__. You could do this as class member variables, but often I want to set them in __init__ anyways from constructor arguments, so defining them in __init__ means I only type them once, not twice. One random idea is to for Python 3000, make the equivalent of __slots__ the default, *but* instead gather the set of attributes from all member variables set in __init__. For example, if I write: class Foo(object): def __init__(self, bar=None): self.__baz = 20 if bar: self.__bar = bar else: self.__bar = time.time() f = Foo() f.otherattr = 40 # this would be an error! Can't add random attributes not defined in __init__ I would argue that the current Python default of supporting adding random attributes is almost never what you really want. If you *do* want to set random attributes, you almost certainly want to be using a dictionary or a subclass of one, not an object. What's nice about the
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
Agreed, but FWIW, if you compared Slavic-writing people to Chinese-writing people, I would think that a higher percentage of Slavic-writing people would be bilingual in terms of their ability to write code in non-Slavic alphabets, due to various cultural/geographical factors. of course. but maybe it would be a nice effort to enable writing code in cyrillic, since it is a whole new alphabet. for the accented letters from slavic (or other) languages, i agree that one wouldn't gain much from enabling their use in source code. but my point being, if we are going to add chinese and japanese, why not do everything right and add all languages/alphabets? after all, after adding chinese, how hard can it be to add a few accedented letters :) I don't predict a huge upswing in Slavic-writing Python programmers after PEP 3131, even among children. you are probably right. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
Peter Otten wrote: [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: sine is a dimensionless value. if we expand sine in taylor series sin(x) = x - (x^3)/6 + (x^5)/120 etc. you can see that sin can be dimensionless only if x is dimensionless too. With y = x^2 = 1/3 pi^2 - 4(cos x - cos(2x)/2^2 + cos(3x)/3^2 - ...) area is dimensionless, too, I suppose. No, its not dimensionless (phew, that took me a while ... got pretty anxious there for a moment): If you look at the definition of the fourier coefficients on the page you presented (http://www.exampleproblems.com/wiki/index.php/FS6), you'll see that they have the same unit as f(x) (or y(x) as in your example). Which, btw, is VERY MUCH desired because all science (and with it the universe, mind you!) would blow up if functions didn't have the same unit as any of their series expansions. After all, they are meant to *replace* the function. Man! You scared me good! :D Oh my, remember when we used to discuss murderous snakes and silly British comedians on this group? I hardly do ... /W -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
--- Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I know not much more about Fourier series than that they do exist, so let me refer you to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_series I'd like to try to bring this thread back full circle (or maybe at least 7*pi/4). 1) OP posted an example of sin(x*x) + cos(x*x). 2) I posted the observation (slight paraphrase of myself) that above formula looks like a high school math mistake. 3) I also asked for geometric interpretation of square root of an arc length, not really expecting one, although eventually somebody posted an interesting physical interpretation (noise density). 4) I also asked about units in general. The general consensus is that radians are dimensionless. 5) Any exploration of trigonometry among smart people eventually leads to Fourier Series expansions. Trying to bring this back to Python, I think Fourier Series make a better example of a situation where you end up repeating subexpressions: lambda t: a[0]/2 + sum(a[n]*cos(n*f*t) + b[n]*sin(n*f*t) \ for n in range(1,101)) Pinpoint customers who are looking for what you sell. http://searchmarketing.yahoo.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How to do this with groupby (or otherwise)? (Was: iterblocks cookbook example)
On Jun 2, 10:47 pm, Raymond Hettinger [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Jun 2, 10:19 am, Steve Howell [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
George Sakkis produced the following cookbook recipe,
which addresses a common problem that comes up on this
mailing list:
ISTM, this is a common mailing list problem because it is fun
to solve, not because people actually need it on a day-to-day basis.
In that spirit, it would be fun to compare several different
approaches to the same problem using re.finditer, itertools.groupby,
or the tokenize module. To get the ball rolling, here is one variant:
from itertools import groupby
def blocks(s, start, end):
def classify(c, ingroup=[0], delim={start:2, end:3}):
result = delim.get(c, ingroup[0])
ingroup[0] = result in (1, 2)
return result
return [tuple(g) for k, g in groupby(s, classify) if k == 1]
print blocks('the quick brown fox jumped', start='', end='')
One observation is that groupby() is an enormously flexible tool.
Given a well crafted key= function, it makes short work of almost
any data partitioning problem.
Can anyone suggest a function that will split text by paragraphs, but
NOT if the paragraphs are contained within a [quote]...[/quote]
construct. In other words, the following text should yield 3 blocks
not 6:
TEXT = '''
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Pellentesque dolor quam, dignissim ornare, porta et,
auctor eu, leo. Phasellus malesuada metus id magna.
[quote]
Only when flight shall soar
not for its own sake only
up into heaven's lonely
silence, and be no more
merely the lightly profiling,
proudly successful tool,
playmate of winds, beguiling
time there, careless and cool:
only when some pure Whither
outweighs boyish insistence
on the achieved machine
will who has journeyed thither
be, in that fading distance,
all that his flight has been.
[/quote]
Integer urna nulla, tempus sit amet, ultrices interdum,
rhoncus eget, ipsum. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et
magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
'''
Other info:
* don't worry about nesting
* the [quote] and [/quote] musn't be stripped.
Gerard
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: subexpressions (OT: math)
--- Wildemar Wildenburger [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Oh my, remember when we used to discuss murderous snakes and silly British comedians on this group? I hardly do ... /W Although all of us are mere amateurs in this business of making parameters when it's circles in question I have a suggestion: Try not to forget the diameters. More here: http://www.xs4all.nl/~jcdverha/scijokes/1_4.html Building a website is a piece of cake. Yahoo! Small Business gives you all the tools to get online. http://smallbusiness.yahoo.com/webhosting -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
pyhon 2.5.1 build fails
I am getting an error while building python-2.5.1 on a freebsd 6.1 machine as a normal user ./configure --prefix=/home/me/mypython --enable-unicode=ucs2 seems to work fine, but make install fails whilst running Compiling /home/my/mypython/lib/python2.5/test/test_module.py ... Compiling /home/me/mypython/lib/python2.5/test/test_multibytecodec.py ... Sorry: UnicodeError: (\\N escapes not supported (can't load unicodedata module),) Compiling /home/me/mypython/lib/python2.5/test/test_multibytecodec_support.py ... I see there was a bug reported about this http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/msg09544.html but I didn't really understand what the resolution was. I do not have any special PYTHONHOME or PYTHONPATH set. The install partially works and I have a running python without the unicodedata module. Looking in Modules I don't see any unicodedata.o so I guess it's not being built for some reason. -- Robin Becker -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
Et le klingon ? Please, don't forget klingons SVP, n'oubliez pas les klingons ;o) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python 3000: Standard API for archives?
I'm a relative newbie to Python, so please bear with me. There are currently two standard modules used to access archived data: zipfile and tarfile. The interfaces are completely different. In particular, script wanting to analyze different types of archives must duplicate substantial pieces of logic. The problem is not limited to method names; it includes how stat-like information is accessed. I think it would be a good thing if a standardized interface existed, similar to PEP 247. This would make it easier for one script to access multiple types of archives, such as RAR, 7-Zip, ISO, etc. In particular, a single factory class could produce PEP 302 import hooks for future as well as current archive formats. I think that an archive module adhering to the standard should adopt a least-common-denominator approach, initially supporting read-only access without seek, i.e. tar files on actual tape. For applications that require a seek method (such as importers) a standard wrapper class could transparently cache archive members in temp files; this would fit in well with Python 3000's rewrite of the I/O interface to support stackable interfaces. To this end, we'd need is_seekable and is_writable attributes for both the module and instances (moduel level would declare if something is possible, not if it is always true). Most importantly, all archive modules should provide a standard API for accessing their individual files via a single archive_content class that provides a standard 'read' method. Less importantly but nice to have would be a way for archives to be auto-magically scanned during walks of directories. Feedback? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
Méta-MCI je napisao/la: Et le klingon ? Please, don't forget klingons SVP, n'oubliez pas les klingons ;o) je pense que le klingon utilise les mems lettres comme l'anglais -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: excel library without COM
On Jun 4, 3:52 pm, yuce [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: i think this one works pretty nice:http://www.python.org/pypi/xlrd Sure does :-) However the rd in xlrd is short for ReaD. As Waldemar suggested, xlwt (wt as in WriTe) is more like what the OP needs. Cheers, John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: pyhon 2.5.1 build fails
Robin Becker wrote: I am getting an error while building python-2.5.1 on a freebsd 6.1 machine as a normal user ./configure --prefix=/home/me/mypython --enable-unicode=ucs2 seems to work fine, but make install fails whilst running Compiling /home/my/mypython/lib/python2.5/test/test_module.py ... Compiling /home/me/mypython/lib/python2.5/test/test_multibytecodec.py ... Sorry: UnicodeError: (\\N escapes not supported (can't load unicodedata module),) Compiling /home/me/mypython/lib/python2.5/test/test_multibytecodec_support.py ... I see there was a bug reported about this http://www.mail-archive.com/[EMAIL PROTECTED]/msg09544.html but I didn't really understand what the resolution was. I do not have any special PYTHONHOME or PYTHONPATH set. The install partially works and I have a running python without the unicodedata module. Looking in Modules I don't see any unicodedata.o so I guess it's not being built for some reason. well regardless of the resolution of the so called bug, my fis is to edit Modules/Setup.dist and uncomment line 180 beginning #unicodedata then the test don't fail halfway through and things get built properly. Strangely I thought that all this was supposed to be handled automatically now. -- Robin Becker -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
--- [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Méta-MCI je napisao/la: Et le klingon ? Please, don't forget klingons SVP, n'oubliez pas les klingons ;o) je pense que le klingon utilise les mems lettres comme l'anglais Oui, mais en tous case, dans l'Enterprise on doit utiliser le Java, a cause du patron d'une chevelure pointu. Park yourself in front of a world of choices in alternative vehicles. Visit the Yahoo! Auto Green Center. http://autos.yahoo.com/green_center/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
How do you htmlentities in Python
Hi list. If I'm not mistaken, in python, there's no standard library to convert html entities, like amp; or gt; into their applicable characters. htmlentitydefs provides maps that helps this conversion, but it's not a function so you have to write your own function make use of htmlentitydefs, probably using regex or something. To me this seemed odd because python is known as 'Batteries Included' language. So my questions are 1. Why doesn't python have/need entity encoding/decoding? 2. Is there any idiom to do entity encode/decode in python? Thank you in advance... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
RE: c[:]()
Hi, I have started to look into the last postings. It is funny and sad how people talking the same language cannot understand each other. I have become curious on what exactly you mean. Warren, can you please restate your point. When doing so, please define every identifier or non-plain english word before you use it and be concise. e.g. You cannot use b if it is not clear what it means. When writing c[:]() there is no b. So where does b come from? You told us that b is a container (*), but where should the python interpreter or the people take it from. People start to guess, as I did: (1) - Might you mean: b() for b in c. (I use python syntax here) This means c is a container, an undertanding that is supported also by the used slicing ([:]). (2) - Let's suppose that by (*) you mean that, in addition to c, b is a container, too. (3) - Now for a standard container b() does not make sense. Maybe you mean b[:]() according to the guessed interpretation (1). This would then be a recursive evaluation of all functions with no parameters in a tree (tree in the informatics sense). (end of my guess) I think somehow it should be possible to convey an idea so that others can grasp it. If it does not work the first time, it is good to clarify the points that one found others to misunderstand. Otherwise one risks to be regarded as esoteric. Thanks, Roland -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
Lol! What is a sharp hair boss ? My boss does not look like a punk ! But he does want me to dance la Java. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
python for EE CAD program
Hi All, I have read some posts on this subject but I haven't been able to make a decision whether to use Python or not. I'm considering converting a Java CAD program to Python/C with wxWdigets for the GUI. I don't have good answers for: 1) Can I use py2exe or pyinstaller to produce an executable for Linux, Windows, and Mac? If not, is there a way it can be done? 2) Is there any way to protect the source code, like obfuscation? 3) Memory footprint of application seems large for python demo. Is this typical for large python applications? I guess the best thing to do is convert a little portion of the Java program and see how it works out with respect to the concerns above. Suggestions and comments appreciated. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: magic names in python
On 4 Cze, 08:43, per9000 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I recently started working a lot more in python than I have done in the past. And I discovered something that totally removed the pretty pink clouds of beautifulness that had surrounded my previous python experiences: magic names (I felt almost as sad as when I discovered the strange pink worms that eat you in nethack, not to mention the mind flayers - I really hate them). I guess all programming languages have magic names to some extent (f.x. classes in the C-family have constructors that must have the same name as the class (foo::foo) instead of foo.__init__). I just used a search engine a little on this topic and I found no comprehensive list of magic names in python. So my questions: * is there a comprehensive list of magic names in python (so far i know of __init__ and __repr__)? * are these lists complete or can magic names be added over time (to the python core)? * are magic names the same in different python versions? I also tried (selected parts of(?)) the unittest package for use in Zope and it seemed functions that I created for my test with the magic prefix test were magic, other functions were not. So another question emerges: * is the use of magic names encouraged and/or part of good coding practice. Live long and prosper, Per -- Per Erik Strandberg home:www.pererikstrandberg.se work:www.incf.org also:www.spongswedencare.se On magic methods and their usage You can read here: http://diveintopython.org/object_oriented_framework/special_class_methods.html By the way - this is a very good book on python. Cheers, Marek -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Using pyTTS with other languages.
Hi, I would like to create a TTS program for a local (Kenyan) language. I have installed pyTTS on my computer and it works perfectly with English sentences. However, my language is very different from English (sylabbles, pronounciation etc.) How can I go about having a TTS program that correctly speaks my language? Can pyTTS do this? I need all the help I can get. Regards, Simon. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
On Jun 4, 11:54 am, Ross Ridge [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Steve Howell [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: about Japan: major linguistic influences: Chinese, English, Dutch English and Dutch are minor linguistic influences. Obviously. But language evolves. Asia: Python should be *completely* internationalized for Mandarin, Japanese, and possibly Hindi and Korean. Not just identifiers. I'm talking the entire language, keywords and all. This would be more convincing if it came from someone who spoke Mandarin, Japanese, Hindi or Korean. I'm a Chinese. Language/English is really a big problem for Chinese programmers. If python can be written in Chinese, it may become the most popular program language in China(though popular alreay). Considering the potential large amount of users in China, the effort of internationalization for Chinese will totally worth. btw. Mandarin is a spoken dialect Chinese, what you're actually asking for is a Simplified-Chinese version of Python. Mandarin is not a friendly way of saying Chinese and it is totally unacceptable in some area. Either Simplified Chinese or Traditional Chinese will be better. and last but not least, python ROCKS. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python for EE CAD program
chewie54 wrote: Hi All, I have read some posts on this subject but I haven't been able to make a decision whether to use Python or not. I'm considering converting a Java CAD program to Python/C with wxWdigets for the GUI. I don't have good answers for: 1) Can I use py2exe or pyinstaller to produce an executable for Linux, Windows, and Mac? If not, is there a way it can be done? 2) Is there any way to protect the source code, like obfuscation? 3) Memory footprint of application seems large for python demo. Is this typical for large python applications? I guess the best thing to do is convert a little portion of the Java program and see how it works out with respect to the concerns above. Suggestions and comments appreciated. Look at python-cad, that might give you an idea how such a thing is to be accomplished using python. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: `yield` in a `try/finally` block, pre-Python 2.5
On Jun 4, 1:49 am, yuce [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I had the same problem, you can see:http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/130004 for a solution. Happy hacking, Yuce Thanks. I thought of doing something like that, but in my program, it's important that the order follow the actual nesting order. That is, I have a few nested generator each of which has its own 'finally', and I need the innermost ones to run first. How can I deal with that? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
python for EE CAD program
Hi All, I have read some posts on this subject but I haven't been able to make a decision whether to use Python or not. I'm considering converting a Java CAD program to Python/C with wxWdigets for the GUI. I don't have good answers for: 1) Can I use py2exe or pyinstaller to produce an executable for Linux, Windows, and Mac? If not, is there a way it can be done? 2) Is there any way to protect the source code, like obfuscation? 3) Memory footprint of application seems large for python demo. Is this typical for large python applications? I guess the best thing to do is convert a little portion of the Java program and see how it works out with respect to the concerns above. Suggestions and comments appreciated. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do you htmlentities in Python
As far as I know, there isn't a standard idiom to do this, but it's
still a one-liner. Untested, but I think this should work:
import re
from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint
def htmlentitydecode(s):
return re.sub('(%s);' % '|'.join(name2codepoint), lambda m:
name2codepoint[m.group(1)], s)
--
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Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Ross Ridge [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Steve Howell [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: about Japan: major linguistic influences: Chinese, English, Dutch English and Dutch are minor linguistic influences. . . . Korean's arguably more important in Japanese philology than Dutch. Portuguese and Spanish are also present, at a level somewhat below that of Dutch. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python unix install, sqlite3
On May 29, 11:40 pm, Simon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On May 29, 7:05 am, vasudevram [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On May 29, 5:52 pm, Simon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I installed the source code on unix for python 2.5.1. The install went mainly okay, except for some failures regarding: _ssl, _hashlib, _curses, _curses_panel. No errors regarding sqlite3. However, when I start python and do an import sqlite3 I get: /ptmp/bin/ python Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, May 29 2007, 05:19:30) [GCC 3.3.2] on sunos5 Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information. import sqlite3 Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module File /ptmp/Python-2.5.1/lib/python2.5/sqlite3/__init__.py, line 24, in module from dbapi2 import * File /ptmp/Python-2.5.1/lib/python2.5/sqlite3/dbapi2.py, line 27, in module from _sqlite3 import * ImportError: No module named _sqlite3 Some ideas: I don't know if sqlite3 comes bundled with the standard Python source bundle. My guess is not. If not, that's the cause of the error - you need to install sqlite3 (and probably pysqlite3 (not sure of the name (whether it has a trailing 3) which, if I remember, is the Python binding/wrapper for sqlite3 (which is a C library, I think). Other possible cause of the error (if sqlite3 _is_ bundled with Python and no Python binding/wrapper is needed, is that sqlite3 depends on one of those other libraries you mention (such as _hashlib) for which you got errors while installing Python from source. HTH VasudevRam Dancing Bison Enterpriseswww.dancingbison.com-Hide quoted text - - Show quoted text - Vasudev, Thanks so much for the reply. I went to their website and your guess was correct. Python 2.5 has included support for sqlite but it only includes the PySqlite interface module (now called sqlite3). It does not include sqlite3 with the source distribution. Simon You're welcome, Simon. Good to hear that it worked :-) Vasudev -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: another thread on Python threading
On Jun 3, 9:10 pm, Josiah Carlson [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: If you are doing string searching, implement the algorithm in C, and call out to the C (remembering to release the GIL). I considered that, but...ick! The whole reason I'm writing this program in Python in the first place is so I don't have to deal with the mess that is involved when you do string matching and data structure traversal in C. On the other hand, there are likely C libraries out there for searching the kinds of data structures I use; I'll investigate. There's a lot of past discussion on this, and I want to bring it up again because with the work on Python 3000, I think it is worth trying to take a look at what can be done to address portions of the problem through language changes. Not going to happen. All Python 3000 PEPs had a due-date at least a month ago (possibly even 2), so you are too late to get *any* substantial change in. =( Too bad. It might be possible to do these changes in a backwards compatible way, though less elegantly. For example, the object change could be denoted by inheriting from fixedobject or something. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python for EE CAD program
On Jun 4, 9:56 am, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: chewie54 wrote: Hi All, I have read some posts on this subject but I haven't been able to make a decision whether to use Python or not. I'm considering converting a Java CAD program to Python/C with wxWdigets for the GUI. I don't have good answers for: 1) Can I use py2exe or pyinstaller to produce an executable for Linux, Windows, and Mac? If not, is there a way it can be done? 2) Is there any way to protect the source code, like obfuscation? 3) Memory footprint of application seems large for python demo. Is this typical for large python applications? I guess the best thing to do is convert a little portion of the Java program and see how it works out with respect to the concerns above. Suggestions and comments appreciated. Look at python-cad, that might give you an idea how such a thing is to be accomplished using python. Diez Hello Diez, I did look at PythonCad but the distribution and install methods for Windows is not user freindly. Since the public domain software, I don't think they protect the source code either. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Using pyTTS with other languages.
On Jun 4, 8:17 am, simon kagwe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I would like to create a TTS program for a local (Kenyan) language. I have installed pyTTS on my computer and it works perfectly with English sentences. However, my language is very different from English (sylabbles, pronounciation etc.) How can I go about having a TTS program that correctly speaks my language? Can pyTTS do this? I need all the help I can get. Regards, Simon. Hi Simon, I am pretty sure pyTTS can do this. It has a method to tell it how to pronounce words. See the following article: http://www.cs.unc.edu/~parente/tech/tr02.shtml It describes how to use mis-spelled words to force correct pronunciation as well as how to do it with XML. Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to do this with groupby (or otherwise)? (Was: iterblocks cookbook example)
On Jun 4, 1:52 pm, Gerard Flanagan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Jun 2, 10:47 pm, Raymond Hettinger [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Jun 2, 10:19 am, Steve Howell [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
George Sakkis produced the following cookbook recipe,
which addresses a common problem that comes up on this
mailing list:
ISTM, this is a common mailing list problem because it is fun
to solve, not because people actually need it on a day-to-day basis.
In that spirit, it would be fun to compare several different
approaches to the same problem using re.finditer, itertools.groupby,
or the tokenize module. To get the ball rolling, here is one variant:
from itertools import groupby
def blocks(s, start, end):
def classify(c, ingroup=[0], delim={start:2, end:3}):
result = delim.get(c, ingroup[0])
ingroup[0] = result in (1, 2)
return result
return [tuple(g) for k, g in groupby(s, classify) if k == 1]
print blocks('the quick brown fox jumped', start='', end='')
One observation is that groupby() is an enormously flexible tool.
Given a well crafted key= function, it makes short work of almost
any data partitioning problem.
Can anyone suggest a function that will split text by paragraphs, but
NOT if the paragraphs are contained within a [quote]...[/quote]
construct. In other words, the following text should yield 3 blocks
not 6:
TEXT = '''
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Pellentesque dolor quam, dignissim ornare, porta et,
auctor eu, leo. Phasellus malesuada metus id magna.
[quote]
Only when flight shall soar
not for its own sake only
up into heaven's lonely
silence, and be no more
merely the lightly profiling,
proudly successful tool,
playmate of winds, beguiling
time there, careless and cool:
only when some pure Whither
outweighs boyish insistence
on the achieved machine
will who has journeyed thither
be, in that fading distance,
all that his flight has been.
[/quote]
Integer urna nulla, tempus sit amet, ultrices interdum,
rhoncus eget, ipsum. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et
magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus.
'''
Other info:
* don't worry about nesting
* the [quote] and [/quote] musn't be stripped.
Gerard
(Sorry if I ruined the parent thread.) FWIW, I didn't get a groupby
solution but with some help from the Python Cookbook (O'Reilly), I
came up with the following:
import re
RE_START_BLOCK = re.compile('^\[[\w|\s]*\]$')
RE_END_BLOCK = re.compile('^\[/[\w|\s]*\]$')
def iter_blocks(lines):
block = []
inblock = False
for line in lines:
if line.isspace():
if inblock:
block.append(line)
elif block:
yield block
block = []
else:
if RE_START_BLOCK.match(line):
inblock = True
elif RE_END_BLOCK.match(line):
inblock = False
block.append(line.lstrip())
if block:
yield block
--
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Re: Python 3000: Standard API for archives?
samwyse wrote this on Mon, 04 Jun 2007 12:02:03 +. My reply is below. I think it would be a good thing if a standardized interface existed, similar to PEP 247. This would make it easier for one script to access multiple types of archives, such as RAR, 7-Zip, ISO, etc. Gee, it would be great to be able to open an archive member for update I/O. This is kind of hard to do now. If it were possible, though, it would obscure the difference between file directories and archives, which would be kind of neat. Furthermore, you could navigate archives of archives (zips of tars and other abominations). -- .. Chuck Rhode, Sheboygan, WI, USA .. Weather: http://LacusVeris.com/WX .. 62° — Wind N 7 mph — Sky overcast. Mist. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
Steve Howell [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm wondering if all the English keywords in Python would present too high a barrier for most Chinese people--def, if, while, for, sys, os, etc. So you might need to go even further than simply allowing identifiers to be written in Simplified-Chinese. Translating keywords and standard identifiers into Chinese could make learning Python even more difficult. It would probably make things easier for new programmers, but I don't know if serious programmers would actually prefer programming using Chinese keywords. It would make their Python implementations incompatible with the standard implementation, they wouldn't be able to use third-party modules and their own code wouldn't be portable. If novice Chinese programmers would have to unlearn much of they've learned in order to become serious Python programmers are you really doing them a favour by teaching them Chinese Python? It would really only work if Chinese Python became it own successful dialect of Python, independent of the standard Python implementation. Chinese Python programmers would be isolated from other Python programmers, each with their own set of third-party modules and little code sharing between the two groups. I don't think this would be good for Python as whole. Ross Ridge -- l/ // Ross Ridge -- The Great HTMU [oo][oo] [EMAIL PROTECTED] -()-/()/ http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/~rridge/ db // -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python 3000: Standard API for archives?
Chuck Rhode wrote: samwyse wrote this on Mon, 04 Jun 2007 12:02:03 +. My reply is below. I think it would be a good thing if a standardized interface existed, similar to PEP 247. This would make it easier for one script to access multiple types of archives, such as RAR, 7-Zip, ISO, etc. Gee, it would be great to be able to open an archive member for update I/O. This is kind of hard to do now. If it were possible, though, it would obscure the difference between file directories and archives, which would be kind of neat. Furthermore, you could navigate archives of archives (zips of tars and other abominations). FWIW, there's no need to get hung on Python-3000 or any other release. Just put something together a module called archive or whatever, which exposes the kind of API you're thinking of, offering support across zip, bz2 and whatever else you want. Put it up on the Cheeseshop, announce it on c.l.py.ann and anywhere else which seems apt. See if it gains traction. Take it from there. NB This has the advantage that you can start small, say with zip and bz2 support and maybe see if you get contributions for less common formats, even via 3rd party libs. If you were to try to get it into the stdlib it would need to be much more fully specified up front, I suspect. TJG -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Pyrex: problem with blanks in string
Hi, When trying to wrap C code using Pyrex, I encountered a strange problem with a piece of pure Python code. I tried to isolate the problem. The following code causes Pyrex to generate C code which gcc cannot compile: class Axis: axtype = unknown type of axis def __init__(self): pass When I substitute the blanks in the string for something else, then the problem disappears: class Axis: axtype = unknown_type_of_axis def __init__(self): pass Does anybody have an idea? Hans Terlouw -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
wxPython splitwindow with interpreter on bottom
Hi all, Does anyone know of an example of wxPython source code that shows how to put a python shell (interpreter) in a bottom window with a graphical application in the top window? Thanks, -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Embedding Python in C
Hello,
first of all, I am a programming newbie, especially in python...
Onwards to the problem, I have been having difficulty embedding a
python module into my C/C++ program. (just a test program before
moving on into the real thing). I have been making test runs using the
codes from http://docs.python.org/ext/pure-embedding.html as a basic,
but modifiying it now as a function inside my C/C++ code.
Problem started when I started passing an array as an argument. The
module also need an array as an argument, but somehow I can't make
them to go pass the input-error checking of the module.
The code for argument building and calling are as follows:
void CallSnake(char ModName[], char FuncName[], double result[])
{
...
/*Some operations to import modname, and preping FuncName, all is
ok*/
...
/*Processing the result array and calling the function, problem
time*/
pArgs = PyTuple_New(MAX_ELEMENT);
pArg = PyList_New(1);
for (i = 0; i MAX_ELEMENT; ++i)
{
pValue = Py_BuildValue(d, result[i]);
PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, i, pValue);
if (!(*pArgs).ob_refcnt)
{
Py_DECREF(pArgs);
Py_DECREF(pModule);
fprintf(stderr, Cannot convert argument\n);
return;
}
}
PyList_SetItem(pArg, 0, pArgs);
pValue = PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs(pFunc,pArg,NULL);
/*Some more checking and DECREFing occurs here*/
}
Error I have been getting is:
Traceback
if x.ndim != 1; /*x is the input array, checking if it's a 1D*/
AttributeError: 'list' object has no attribute 'ndim'
I have been trying many call variations, but alas, I think the problem
lies in the list building process. I have no problems calling a non-
arrayed (albeit,still single) argument.
Thanks in advance...
--
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Re: python for EE CAD program
Hello Diez, I did look at PythonCad but the distribution and install methods for Windows is not user freindly. Since the public domain software, I don't think they protect the source code either. The subject of code obfuscation in python has been beaten to death quite a few times on this list, do a search to find anything you want to know. In a nutshell: forget about it. it's not worth it, difficult to accomplish due to the dynamic nature of python and to be brutally honest: more or less nothing you can come up with in your own code is really worth looking at anyway. That's not saying that you can't code, just that more or less everything one programs is trivial and only of value in the actual context it was written in. So nobody is really interested in ripping stuff out. diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Using pyTTS with other languages.
kyosohma at gmail.com writes: It describes how to use mis-spelled words to force correct pronunciation as well as how to do it with XML. Mike Thanks Mike. I had already read that article. I thought the mis-spelling and XML are meant to deal with pronunciation of English words. Will it really handle pronunciation of words of a whole new language? For example, if I want to say 'good' in Zulu, I may end up saying a word that has entirely different phenomes (and throw in some clicking sounds like in those 'God's must be crazy' movies). For my language, I have already collected recordings of its syllables and some words. I tried it out with pyTTS and it pronounces some words completely different they aren't even close to the way they should be. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python for EE CAD program
On 2007-06-04, chewie54 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: 1) Can I use py2exe or pyinstaller to produce an executable for Linux, Windows, and Mac? If not, is there a way it can be done? 2) Is there any way to protect the source code, like obfuscation? 3) Memory footprint of application seems large for python demo. Is this typical for large python applications? I'm glad somebody asked these questions. I was getting worried. It's almost lunchime on Monday and they hadn't come up yet this week. :) -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! RHAPSODY in Glue! at visi.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
pychecker
I'm new to pychecker. Some of my code generates the following No class attribute (HWND) found While HWND is not an attribute of the class, it IS an attribute of the instance created (my class is one of several classes used to create the new class). Can I use __pychecker__ to selectively supress this message? How? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pyrex: problem with blanks in string
Hans Terlouw wrote: When trying to wrap C code using Pyrex, I encountered a strange problem with a piece of pure Python code. I tried to isolate the problem. The following code causes Pyrex to generate C code which gcc cannot compile: It works for me. Try posting your error messages and versions of Pyrex/Python/GCC. Better yet, do this in the Pyrex mailing list rather than here. -- Michael Hoffman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: FAQ: how to vary the byte offset of a field of a ctypes.Structure
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-pickle.html ... concise Python ways of pickling and unpickling the (0xFF ** N) possible ways of packing N strings of byte lengths of 0..xFE together ... Aye, looks like an exercise left open for the student to complete: pickle.dumps() S''\np0\n. pickle.dumps(abc) S'abc'\np0\n. pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(abc)) 'abc' pickle.dumps(ctypes.c_ubyte(0)) ... TypeError: abstract class -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], ahlongxp [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: . . . I'm a Chinese. Language/English is really a big problem for Chinese programmers. If python can be written in Chinese, it may become the most popular program language in China(though popular alreay). Considering the potential large amount of users in China, the effort of internationalization for Chinese will totally worth. . . . Tcl can be (more-or-less) written in Chinese now. How popular is it among Chinese-speaking developers? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do you htmlentities in Python
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
Adam Atlas [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
As far as I know, there isn't a standard idiom to do this, but it's
still a one-liner. Untested, but I think this should work:
import re
from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint
def htmlentitydecode(s):
return re.sub('(%s);' % '|'.join(name2codepoint), lambda m:
name2codepoint[m.group(1)], s)
How strange that this doesn't appear in the Cookbook! I'm
curious about how others think: does such an item better
belong in the Cookbook, or the Wiki?
--
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Re: How do you htmlentities in Python
Adam Atlas [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
As far as I know, there isn't a standard idiom to do this, but it's
still a one-liner. Untested, but I think this should work:
import re
from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint
def htmlentitydecode(s):
return re.sub('(%s);' % '|'.join(name2codepoint), lambda m:
name2codepoint[m.group(1)], s)
'(%s);' won't quite work: HTML (and, I assume, SGML, but not XHTML being
XML) allows you to skip the semicolon after the entity if it's followed by a
white space (IIRC). Should this be respected, it looks more like this:
r'(%s)([;\s]|$)'
Also, this completely ignores non-name entities as also found in XML. (eg
%x20; for ' ' or so) Maybe some part of the HTMLParser module is useful, I
wouldn't know. IMHO, these particular batteries aren't too commonly needed.
Regards,
Thomas Jollans
--
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Re: python for EE CAD program
On Jun 4, 10:58 am, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello Diez, I did look at PythonCad but the distribution and install methods for Windows is not user freindly. Since the public domain software, I don't think they protect the source code either. The subject of code obfuscation in python has been beaten to death quite a few times on this list, do a search to find anything you want to know. In a nutshell: forget about it. it's not worth it, difficult to accomplish due to the dynamic nature of python and to be brutally honest: more or less nothing you can come up with in your own code is really worth looking at anyway. That's not saying that you can't code, just that more or less everything one programs is trivial and only of value in the actual context it was written in. So nobody is really interested in ripping stuff out. diez Your opinions are noted, thank you, but I don't agree with you. There are portions of the code that are under review for patents and as such need to be protected. I'm investigating whether Python is the right language to use for a commercial CAD application. While I think Python is a great scripting language, there seems to limitations with regards to packaging and distributing programs. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: magic names in python
Josiah Carlson wrote: I don't believe that there is a full list of all __magic__ methods. The operator module has a fairly extensive listing of functions that call such methods, but I know that some have been left out. There IS a full documentation of this special methods:: http://docs.python.org/dev/ref/specialnames.html Note that they're named special, not magic. The phrase I'm not a wizard, I just use Python is one of the best, ever. Regards, -- . Facundo . Blog: http://www.taniquetil.com.ar/plog/ PyAr: http://www.python.org/ar/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
Ross Ridge wrote: Translating keywords and standard identifiers into Chinese could make learning Python even more difficult. It would probably make things easier for new programmers, but I don't know if serious programmers would actually prefer programming using Chinese keywords. It would make their Python implementations incompatible with the standard implementation, they wouldn't be able to use third-party modules and their own code wouldn't be portable. If novice Chinese programmers would have to unlearn much of they've learned in order to become serious Python programmers are you really doing them a favour by teaching them Chinese Python? It would really only work if Chinese Python became it own successful dialect of Python, independent of the standard Python implementation. Chinese Python programmers would be isolated from other Python programmers, each with their own set of third-party modules and little code sharing between the two groups. I don't think this would be good for Python as whole. I don't see the problem here. The bytecode wouldn't change (right?). So what? One would have to make sure that the interprter understands both (or to generalize: all) language versions of python and wham! There you go. It would also be trivial to write a Chinese-English source code translator (for key words; anything else of course isn't that simple). /W -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python for EE CAD program
On 6/4/07, chewie54 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Jun 4, 10:58 am, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello Diez, I did look at PythonCad but the distribution and install methods for Windows is not user freindly. Since the public domain software, I don't think they protect the source code either. The subject of code obfuscation in python has been beaten to death quite a few times on this list, do a search to find anything you want to know. In a nutshell: forget about it. it's not worth it, difficult to accomplish due to the dynamic nature of python and to be brutally honest: more or less nothing you can come up with in your own code is really worth looking at anyway. That's not saying that you can't code, just that more or less everything one programs is trivial and only of value in the actual context it was written in. So nobody is really interested in ripping stuff out. diez Your opinions are noted, thank you, but I don't agree with you. There are portions of the code that are under review for patents and as such need to be protected. For the record: This is not true. If you've already applied for the patent, you have as much legal protection as you will ever get. Also, since patents apply to methods and not to literal source, if you're trying to protect something patentable you have even less protection against analysis and disassembly than you would if you were trying to protect the copyright on the code. If you need to make a token effort to satisfy whatever legal hurdles are involved, shipping .pyc files (which py2exe and all the other packagers I'm aware of do) is just as effective as shipping executables compiled with C or C++. I'm investigating whether Python is the right language to use for a commercial CAD application. While I think Python is a great scripting language, there seems to limitations with regards to packaging and distributing programs. None that don't also exist in every other language in existence. These are fundamental issues of information theory, not language constraints. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python for EE CAD program
On 2007-06-04, Chris Mellon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Your opinions are noted, thank you, but I don't agree with you. There are portions of the code that are under review for patents and as such need to be protected. For the record: This is not true. If you've already applied for the patent, you have as much legal protection as you will ever get. Also, since patents apply to methods and not to literal source, if you're trying to protect something patentable you have even less protection against analysis and disassembly than you would if you were trying to protect the copyright on the code. If you need to make a token effort to satisfy whatever legal hurdles are involved, shipping .pyc files (which py2exe and all the other packagers I'm aware of do) is just as effective as shipping executables compiled with C or C++. I'm investigating whether Python is the right language to use for a commercial CAD application. While I think Python is a great scripting language, there seems to limitations with regards to packaging and distributing programs. None that don't also exist in every other language in existence. These are fundamental issues of information theory, not language constraints. Especially since the alternative appears to be Java. Just like Java, Python compiles to byte code that runs on a VM. If for some reason he's happy shipping Java VM byte-code and not Python VM byte-code, then he can use Jython to generate byte-code for the Java VM instead of for the Python VM. Personally I think it's rather deluded to think that one is any more secure than the other. -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! What UNIVERSE is this, at please?? visi.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
--- olive [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: What is a sharp hair boss ? Sharp hair boss came out from my translation into French of pointy-haired boss. Wikipedia tells me I should have said Boss a tête de pioche. Here are some links, if you've never had the pleasure of reading Dilbert: http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personnages_de_Dilbert http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointy-Haired_Boss Bored stiff? Loosen up... Download and play hundreds of games for free on Yahoo! Games. http://games.yahoo.com/games/front -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Graph plotting module
Is there a python module anywhere out there that can plot straight line graphs, curves (quadratic, etc). If anyone knows where I can download one, please let me know. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How do you htmlentities in Python
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
Adam Atlas [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
As far as I know, there isn't a standard idiom to do this, but it's
still a one-liner. Untested, but I think this should work:
import re
from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint
def htmlentitydecode(s):
return re.sub('(%s);' % '|'.join(name2codepoint), lambda m:
name2codepoint[m.group(1)], s)
A. I *think* you meant
import re
from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint
def htmlentitydecode(s):
return re.sub('(%s);' % '|'.join(name2codepoint), lambda m:
chr(name2codepoint[m.group(1)]), s)
We're stretching the limits of what's comfortable
for me as a one-liner.
B. How's it happen this isn't in the Cookbook? I'm
curious about what other Pythoneers think: is
this better memorialized in the Cookbook or the
Wiki?
--
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Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Jun 4)
QOTW: Stop thinking of three lines as 'extensive coding' and your problem disappears immediately. - Steve Holden Hey, did you hear about the object-oriented version of COBOL? They call it 'ADD ONE TO COBOL'. - Tim Roberts EuroPython: Registration is open! http://www.europython.org/sections/registration_issues/registration-open EuroPython in the Python411 Podcast Series http://www.europython.org/sections/tracks_and_talks/announcements/europython-in-python411 Python 2.5 appears to give wrong results on Windows for file creation/modification/last access time - but no, it's right, although the differences are a bit hard to explain: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/890eef2197c6f045 http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/2a73854b3f835d78 The right way to handle Unicode filenames, including Zip archives: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/4d39da08fdddc48b/ The concept of active exception may be a bit obscure - see a great clarification by Duncan Booth in this thread: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/74dc5145c2bb558b However widely it's believed that items in a Tkinter listbox can't be differentially colored, rfg007 knows better: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/a7276ce6910019e5/ itertools.groupby is a great tool. Trying to improve the documentation, contributors arrive at pleasing examples: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/7ef930186a8e5e4c/ What people like about Python, pitfalls, desired features, misfeatures, all in a rather serious and objective thread called -of course- Python rocks! :) http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/2a771ba3d329d57 Python and memory handling: why you don't notice the freed memory, why one should not care, and details on the small-object allocator http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/5d3a5a37048e707e/ If you are concerned on how __special__ methods map onto the internal type structures, or just curious about that, these comments may be useful: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/browse_thread/thread/e86275f51899b0a5/ Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in these pages: Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional center of Pythonia http://www.python.org Notice especially the master FAQ http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the marvelous daily python url http://www.pythonware.com/daily Mygale is a news-gathering webcrawler that specializes in (new) World-Wide Web articles related to Python. http://www.awaretek.com/nowak/mygale.html While cosmetically similar, Mygale and the Daily Python-URL are utterly different in their technologies and generally in their results. The Python Papers aims to publish the efforts of Python enthusiats. http://pythonpapers.org/ Readers have recommended the Planet sites: http://planetpython.org http://planet.python.org comp.lang.python.announce announces new Python software. Be sure to scan this newsgroup weekly. http://groups.google.com/groups?oi=djqas_ugroup=comp.lang.python.announce Python411 indexes podcasts ... to help people learn Python ... Updates appear more-than-weekly: http://www.awaretek.com/python/index.html Steve Bethard continues the marvelous tradition early borne by Andrew Kuchling, Michael Hudson, Brett Cannon, Tony Meyer, and Tim Lesher of intelligently summarizing action on the python-dev mailing list once every other week. http://www.python.org/dev/summary/ The Python Package Index catalogues packages. http://www.python.org/pypi/ The somewhat older Vaults of Parnassus ambitiously collects references to all sorts of Python resources. http://www.vex.net/~x/parnassus/ Much of Python's real work takes place on Special-Interest Group mailing lists http://www.python.org/sigs/ Python Success Stories--from air-traffic control to on-line match-making--can inspire you or decision-makers to whom you're subject with a vision of what the language makes practical. http://www.pythonology.com/success The Python Software Foundation (PSF) has replaced the Python Consortium as an independent nexus of activity. It has official responsibility for Python's development and maintenance. http://www.python.org/psf/ Among the ways you can support PSF
Re: How do you htmlentities in Python
On Jun 4, 6:31 am, js [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi list. If I'm not mistaken, in python, there's no standard library to convert html entities, like amp; or gt; into their applicable characters. htmlentitydefs provides maps that helps this conversion, but it's not a function so you have to write your own function make use of htmlentitydefs, probably using regex or something. To me this seemed odd because python is known as 'Batteries Included' language. So my questions are 1. Why doesn't python have/need entity encoding/decoding? 2. Is there any idiom to do entity encode/decode in python? Thank you in advance. I think this is the standard idiom: import xml.sax.saxutils as saxutils saxutils.escape() 'amp;' saxutils.unescape(gt;) '' saxutils.unescape(A bunch of text with entities: amp; gt; lt;) 'A bunch of text with entities: ' Notice there is an optional parameter (a dict) that can be used to define additional entities as well. Matt -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python, Dutch, English, Chinese, Japanese, etc.
Ross Ridge wrote: Translating keywords and standard identifiers into Chinese could make learning Python even more difficult. It would probably make things easier for new programmers, but I don't know if serious programmers would actually prefer programming using Chinese keywords. It would make their Python implementations incompatible with the standard implementation, they wouldn't be able to use third-party modules and their own code wouldn't be portable. If novice Chinese programmers would have to unlearn much of they've learned in order to become serious Python programmers are you really doing them a favour by teaching them Chinese Python? It would really only work if Chinese Python became it own successful dialect of Python, independent of the standard Python implementation. Chinese Python programmers would be isolated from other Python programmers, each with their own set of third-party modules and little code sharing between the two groups. I don't think this would be good for Python as whole. Wildemar Wildenburger [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I don't see the problem here. The bytecode wouldn't change (right?). Python code generally isn't shared as bytecode and it's not just keywords we're talking about here, all standard Python identifiers (eg. os and sys) would be translated too. So what? One would have to make sure that the interprter understands both (or to generalize: all) language versions of python and wham! That might work, you'd need both the standard and Chinese versions the Python standard libraries. I doubt anyone outside of China would want a distribution that included both, so there would still be barriers to code sharing between the two communities. Interestingly, someone has already created a Chinese version of Python much like Steve Howell suggested: http://www.chinesepython.org/cgi_bin/cgb.cgi/home.html http://www.chinesepython.org/cgi_bin/cgb.cgi/english/english.html Apparently it hasn't been updated in almost four years, so I don't know much use it gets. Ross Ridge -- l/ // Ross Ridge -- The Great HTMU [oo][oo] [EMAIL PROTECTED] -()-/()/ http://www.csclub.uwaterloo.ca/~rridge/ db // -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
