T3 on GAE
http://web2py.appspot.com/t3/default/wiki/main(there is a video tutorial) T3 version 0.2 is out. Now you can develop for GAE on GAE and it could not get any easier. T3 is a development platform (built on web2py) that works like a WIKI and it lets you embed python code and components in wiki pages. Components include CRUD forms, attachments, reviews, comments, google checkout buttons, charts, all web2py helpers, functions and validators, and any user defined function. T3 lets you create models, procedures, and edit stylesheet using the web interface. Everything is stored in the database. Nothing on filesystem. The entire platform runs everywhere python runs, including GAE. Massimo -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
[ANN] Leipzig Python User Group - Meeting, December 9, 2008, 08:00pm
=== Leipzig Python User Group === We will meet on Tuesday, December 9 at 8:00 pm at the training center of Python Academy in Leipzig, Germany ( http://www.python-academy.com/center/find.html ). The topic is Generators in Python as unix-like pipelines. Food and soft drinks are provided. Please send a short confirmation mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED], so we can prepare appropriately. Everybody who uses Python, plans to do so or is interested in learning more about the language is encouraged to participate. While the meeting language will be mainly German, we will provide English translation if needed. Current information about the meetings are at http://www.python-academy.com/user-group . Mike == Leipzig Python User Group === Wir treffen uns am Dienstag, 09.12.2008 um 20:00 Uhr im Schulungszentrum der Python Academy in Leipzig ( http://www.python-academy.de/Schulungszentrum/anfahrt.html ). Unser Thema ist Generatoren in Python als unixartige Pipelines. Für das leibliche Wohl wird gesorgt. Eine Anmeldung unter [EMAIL PROTECTED] wäre nett, damit wir genug Essen besorgen können. Willkommen ist jeder, der Interesse an Python hat, die Sprache bereits nutzt oder nutzen möchte. Aktuelle Informationen zu den Treffen sind unter http://www.python-academy.de/User-Group zu finden. Viele Grüße Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
ANN: PyBindGen 0.10 released
PyBindGen is a Python module that is geared to generating C/C++ code that binds a C/C++ library for Python. It does so without extensive use of either C++ templates or C pre-processor macros. It has modular handling of C/C++ types, and can be easily extended with Python plugins. The generated code is almost as clean as what a human programmer would write. It can be downloaded from: http://code.google.com/p/pybindgen/ Bug reports should be filed here: https://bugs.launchpad.net/pybindgen === pybindgen 0.10 === - New null_ok, default_value options for pointer-to-class parameters; - Thread safety fixes; - Map C++ operator() into Python's tp_call (__call__); - Initial support for std containers (except mapping containers); - Generate __copy__ methods for classes with copy constructor; - Add 'wrapper registry' optional feature (off by default): allows C++ instances returned by pointer to be consistently wrapped always by the same Python wrapper, so that the 'is' operator can be used for identity testing; - New C type expression parser, is_const not longer needed for parameter types, just put const in the type string as appropriate; - Sort the declarations returned by (py)gccxml. If generating python script files from gccxml scanning, now the output file becomes more stable and less prone to move declarations up and down with different people scanning and the output file is under version control; - Map binary comparison operators ( = == = ) from C++ to Python; - Map some binary numeric operators (+ - * /) from C++ to Python; - Allow installation of pybindgen even if no C/C++ compiler is detected; - Fix compatibility with older Python versions (tested with 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5) -- Gustavo J. A. M. Carneiro INESC Porto, Telecommunications and Multimedia Unit The universe is always one step beyond logic. -- Frank Herbert -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
SQLObject 0.9.9
Hello! I'm pleased to announce version 0.9.10, a minor bugfix release of 0.9 branch of SQLObject. What is SQLObject = SQLObject is an object-relational mapper. Your database tables are described as classes, and rows are instances of those classes. SQLObject is meant to be easy to use and quick to get started with. SQLObject supports a number of backends: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase, MSSQL and MaxDB (also known as SAPDB). Where is SQLObject == Site: http://sqlobject.org Development: http://sqlobject.org/devel/ Mailing list: https://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/sqlobject-discuss Archives: http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.sqlobject Download: http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/SQLObject/0.9.9 News and changes: http://sqlobject.org/News.html What's New == News since 0.9.8 * Backported from the trunk: under MySQL use the connection's dbEncoding instead of ascii, when converting a unicode value from python to database for a StringCol. * Fixed createSQL constrains generation under MySQL when the table's name includes the database's name (contains a dot). For a more complete list, please see the news: http://sqlobject.org/News.html Oleg. -- Oleg Broytmannhttp://phd.pp.ru/[EMAIL PROTECTED] Programmers don't die, they just GOSUB without RETURN. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
SQLObject 0.10.4
Hello! I'm pleased to announce version 0.10.4, a minor bugfix release of 0.10 branch of SQLObject. What is SQLObject = SQLObject is an object-relational mapper. Your database tables are described as classes, and rows are instances of those classes. SQLObject is meant to be easy to use and quick to get started with. SQLObject supports a number of backends: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase, MSSQL and MaxDB (also known as SAPDB). Where is SQLObject == Site: http://sqlobject.org Development: http://sqlobject.org/devel/ Mailing list: https://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/sqlobject-discuss Archives: http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.sqlobject Download: http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/SQLObject/0.10.4 News and changes: http://sqlobject.org/News.html What's New == News since 0.10.3 - * Fixed createSQL constrains generation under MySQL when the table's name includes the database's name (contains a dot). For a more complete list, please see the news: http://sqlobject.org/News.html Oleg. -- Oleg Broytmannhttp://phd.pp.ru/[EMAIL PROTECTED] Programmers don't die, they just GOSUB without RETURN. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
dBase III files and Visual Foxpro 6 files
Greetings All! I nearly have support complete for dBase III dbf/dbt files -- just wrapping up support for dates. The null value has been a hindrance for awhile but I nearly have that solved as well. For any who know of a cool dbf module already in existence for dBase III and Visual Foxpro -- where were you six months ago when I was searching? ;) Seriously, though, this has been a great learning experience for me. As I said -- dbf/dbt files are 99% ready. idx files -- no support: for my purposes I just don't need them. I've found no problem in loading tables up to 300,000 records with 50 fields per record, and re-ordering them on the fly in memory. However, after putting much effort into this code, and wanting it to be useful to others in the community, are there others who work with dbf files that would need idx/cdx support? Or tables so large they won't fit comfortably into memory? ~ethan~ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rich Comparisons Gotcha
Robert Kern wrote: James Stroud wrote: I think it skips straight to __eq__ if the element is not the first in the list. No, it doesn't skip straight to __eq__(). y is 1 returns False, so (y==1) is checked. When y is a numpy array, this returns an array of bools. list.__contains__() tries to convert this array to a bool and ndarray.__nonzero__() raises the exception. list.__contains__() checks is then __eq__() for each element before moving on to the next element. It does not try is for all elements, then try __eq__() for all elements. Ok. Thanks for the explanation. That no one acknowledges this makes me feel like a conspiracy is afoot. I don't know what you think I'm not acknowledging. Sorry. That was a failed attempt at humor. James -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
gzip.GzipFile (was Re: Don't you just love writing this sort of thing :))
On Sat, 06 Dec 2008 10:01:10 +, Arnaud Delobelle [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... Why use (open, gzp.GzipFile)[Entry.endswith(.gz)] when we have had contitional expressions for a few years now? Instead, you can write (gzip.GzipFile if entry.endswidth(.gz) else open). I think it will be faster (as it doesn't require the construction of a tuple and then the retrieval of one of its elements) and clearer. Even clearer would be if gzip.Gzipfile could (optionally) read non-gzipped files and file-like objects, like the gzip Unix commands zcat -f, zgrep and so on. Also, making a decision based on the .gz part of the name isn't always correct -- you miss files named foo.Z and similar. /Jorgen -- // Jorgen Grahn grahn@Ph'nglui mglw'nafh Cthulhu \X/ snipabacken.se R'lyeh wgah'nagl fhtagn! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: EBCDIC -- ASCII
On Dec 5, 2:13 pm, Michael Ströder [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
On Dec 4, 4:45 pm, Michael Ströder [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I'm having a problem trying to use the codecs package to aid me in
converting some bytes from EBCDIC into ASCII.
Which EBCDIC variant?
sEBCDIC = unicode(sSource, 'cp500', 'ignore')
Are you sure CP500 is the EBCDIC variant for the language you want?
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1345.txtlistsit as:
charset IBM500
rem source: IBM NLS RM Vol2 SE09-8002-01, March 1990
alias CP500
alias ebcdic-cp-be
alias ebcdic-cp-ch
Obviously I could just knock up a 255 character lookup table and do it
myself, I was just trying to be a little more Pythonic and use that
built in table.
It's pythonic to implement a Unicode codec for unknown character tables.
I've put these two on my web site:
http://www.stroeder.com/pylib/encodings/ebcdicatde.pyhttp://www.stroe...ebcdicatde)
Thanks for the tables, ebcdicatde.py does look more suitable.
My problem appears to be that my source is a byte string. In a
nutshell I need \x81\x82\x83\xf1\xf2\xf3 to become abc123 in a
byte string.
Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Aug 1 2008, 00:43:38)
import ebcdicatde
\x81\x82\x83\xf1\xf2\xf3.decode('ebcdic-at-de').encode('ascii')
'abc123'
Ciao, Michael.- Hide quoted text -
- Show quoted text -
Many thanks for all your posts!
Just what I needed.
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Re: var or inout parm?
Colin J. Williams a écrit : [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How can I make a var parm, where the called function can modify the value of the parameter in the caller? def f(x): x = x + 1 n = 1 f(n) # n should now be 2 Many TIA!! Mark Why not run it and see? Your function returns None. The function in effect takes a copy of n. Nope, it takes the object bound to global name 'n'. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Don't you just love writing this sort of thing :)
En Sun, 07 Dec 2008 05:34:39 -0200, Lawrence D'Oliveiro [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: In message [EMAIL PROTECTED], Arnaud Delobelle wrote: * you give the impression of being arrogant; Oddly enough, I wasn't the one who started by criticizing other people's code. I have no ego about my code; I gladly accept criticisms. But perhaps some other people are not so thick-skinned and do not like getting as they give... May I ask then *why* did you chose to post your code fragment? Did I miss something? -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Strengths and weaknesses of Pygame vs. pyglet vs. PyOpenGL?
On Dec 8, 2:26 pm, illume [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: pygame is simpler to learn, since it doesn't require you to know how to create classes or functions. I'm not sure if I'd be quick to tout that as an advantage... :) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to get a beep, OS independent ?
En Sun, 07 Dec 2008 23:34:17 -0200, Joe Strout [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: On Dec 7, 2008, at 4:43 PM, Steven D'Aprano wrote: Of course, if you're volunteering to write such a standard system beep for Python, I for one would be grateful. I am. But where should I put it? Assuming we don't want to wait for the (understandably) lengthy and contentious process required to add something to the Python system libraries, where would be the next best place for this sort of simple OS abstraction layer? The cookbook? http://www.activestate.com/ASPN/Python/Cookbook/ If you can make it run on several different architectures you could upload a patch as a feature request to http://bugs.python.org/ -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ftp retrlines with re...
En Fri, 05 Dec 2008 12:51:58 -0200, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: Ive been working on an application quite some time now and i wanted to include something to let the user load a new version. i therefore tried to include this here: Too much code, unclear question... please post again, shortening code to the minimum necesary to show the problem. And tell us *what* is the problem, what did you expect to happen, what actually happened... -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: mod_python and files directory
En Sat, 06 Dec 2008 09:26:40 -0200, mete [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: but i want to take it somewhere else...i want to it work some other path in other system. os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) returns the directory where the current file resides. Execute it early in your code. -- Gabriel Genellina -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: var or inout parm?
On Mon, Dec 8, 2008 at 12:26 AM, Bruno Desthuilliers [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Colin J. Williams a écrit : [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: How can I make a var parm, where the called function can modify the value of the parameter in the caller? def f(x): x = x + 1 n = 1 f(n) # n should now be 2 Many TIA!! Mark Why not run it and see? Your function returns None. The function in effect takes a copy of n. Nope, it takes the object bound to global name 'n'. See Also: the earlier heated debate thread over what evaluation strategy Python uses (Survey says!: call-by-object). Cheers, Chris -- Follow the path of the Iguana... http://rebertia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Strengths and weaknesses of Pygame vs. pyglet vs. PyOpenGL?
On Mon, Dec 8, 2008 at 6:31 PM, alex23 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 8, 2:26 pm, illume [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: pygame is simpler to learn, since it doesn't require you to know how to create classes or functions. I'm not sure if I'd be quick to tout that as an advantage... :) Neither would i. Classes and Objects and good OOP practises can benefit a pygame game just as well as any other Python app. What's more using and learning Python's OO semantics and syntax is really really easy :) --JamesMills -- -- -- Problems are solved by method -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to get a beep, OS independent ?
Joe Strout [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: But invoking the standard system beep is such a basic function that it ought to be easier than this. I'm pretty sure it's a single OS call on all platforms. On OS X, for example, it's void NSBeep(void); declared in NSGraphics.h. I'm sure it's something similarly simple on other platforms. I think what you're missing is a definition for 'the standard system'. If I'm logged in to one of my servers in a large datacentre then I don't what that system to beep as that would be pretty useless. I want the system I'm logged in with to do the beeping. For some systems and some types of login (e.g. Microsoft's Remote Desktop) then remoting the sound output isn't a problem, but I might just be logged in with SSH and in that case the only option available is to send some escape sequence to the user's terminal. Traditionally generation of escape sequences for a user's terminal is something done by the application, not a function of the operating system. I think that's why you'll find there will be a variety of ways to generate beeps, squeaks and squawks if you are using a gui (only as with all other gui functions there is no common ground between different systems), but nothing beyond '\a' for terminals. -- Duncan Booth http://kupuguy.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Strengths and weaknesses of Pygame vs. pyglet vs. PyOpenGL?
On Dec 8, 7:31 pm, alex23 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 8, 2:26 pm, illume [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: pygame is simpler to learn, since it doesn't require you to know how to create classes or functions. I'm not sure if I'd be quick to tout that as an advantage... :) Hi, It's easier to teach only requiring *using* classes, and functions than *creating* them. This is important if it's being used to teach programming - as you don't need to teach people two fairly large concepts before you can do anything. People are motivated by seeing results. So it can be good to let people do things without requiring much learning. Anyone teaching object oriented program will tell you that it's a hard concept to present to people. So if you can avoid teaching parts of OO, and a bunch of other concepts at the same time, it's easier for people to handle. It's quite nice to be able to handle events without requiring callbacks. Everyone hates callbacks, but lots of people use them for event systems. However callbacks aren't needed at all for event programming. Instead you can get an event as an object and then process it. Callbacks for events made more sense in languages like smalltalk where events and method calls were closely aligned concepts(method calls are messages in smalltalk). However in languages where you don't have such a close conceptual alignment(such as python), making events objects instead of method calls is much easier to understand. Also python has very slow function calls, so avoiding using callbacks is also faster. Imagine using callbacks for files? So you would have to subclass file, and make a read_data method. Then your class will call your read data method when some data arrives. Kind of annoying, and not needed. /rant -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: gzip.GzipFile (was Re: Don't you just love writing this sort of thing :))
Jorgen Grahn a écrit : (snip) Also, making a decision based on the .gz part of the name isn't always correct -- you miss files named foo.Z and similar. .tgz anyone ? /Jorgen -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Strengths and weaknesses of Pygame vs. pyglet vs. PyOpenGL?
On Dec 8, 7:18 pm, illume [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It's easier to teach only requiring *using* classes, and functions than *creating* them. This is important if it's being used to teach programming - as you don't need to teach people two fairly large concepts before you can do anything. I'm just kind of aghast at the idea of teaching anyone how to program games by using large, imperative chunks of code. I don't see functions as being a fairly large concept at all, and utterly vital to being able to write anything but the most basic 'hello world' example code. Also python has very slow function calls, so avoiding using callbacks is also faster. Wouldn't it be better to teach people the basics of coding -before- setting out to optimise their code? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Learning Python now coming from Perl
Bertilo Wennergren [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm planning to start learning Python now, using Python 3000. I have no previous Python skills, but I now Perl pretty well. I'm also well experienced with JavaScript. Any pointers and tips how I should go about getting into Python? Read Dive Into Python while following along with your keyboard. ( http://www.diveintopython.org/ free online or paper edition from your favourite bookseller ) My favourite mistake when I made the transition was calling methods without parentheses. In perl it is common to call methods without parentheses - in python this does absolutely nothing! pychecker does warn about it though. perl - $object-method python - object.method() -- Nick Craig-Wood [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://www.craig-wood.com/nick -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: infering the number of args a function takes at runtime
On Dec 8, 9:39 am, sniffer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hi all, i am a python newbie, in a project currently doing i need to find out the number of arguments that a function takes at runtime.? Is this possible ,if so how do i do this,i ve looked through the python documentation but couldnt find anything.any help will be great TIA Thanks guys , i think this should work for me.btw as enquired i am working o a mvc thingie where in need to call functions in a controller,and pass the arguments as recieved from the end user so i need to make sure that the number of arguments passed from the front end are correct or not in the context of the function being called -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: ftp retrlines with re...
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
filelist=server.retrlines('LIST')
This does not do what you think it does.
help(ftplib.FTP.retrlines)
gives
Help on method retrlines in module ftplib:
retrlines(self, cmd, callback=None) unbound ftplib.FTP method
Retrieve data in line mode.
The argument is a RETR or LIST command.
The callback function (2nd argument) is called for each line,
with trailing CRLF stripped. This creates a new port for you.
print_line() is the default callback.
I. e. you would need something like
lines = []
server.retrlines(LIST, lines.append)
to store the method's output in a variable instead of printing it to stdout.
But try
files = server.nlist()
instead which gives you a list of filenames.
Peter
PS: Remember to take Gabriel's advice to heart for your next question.
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Determining whether a variable is less/greater than a range.
Hi. I'm having another go at learning Python so I'll probably be asking a few basic questions. Here is the first one. a = list(range(10, 21) b = 9 c = 21 How can I find out if b and c have values less or more than the values in list a? Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
built-in functions as class attributes
Here's a curiosity: after def my_hex(x): return hex(x) one might expect hex and my_hex to be interchangeable in most situations. But (with both Python 2.x and 3.x) I get: def my_hex(x): return hex(x) ... class T(object): f = hex ... class T2(object): f = my_hex ... T().f(12345) '0x3039' T2().f(12345) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module TypeError: my_hex() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given) [36412 refs] Anyone know what the precise rules that lead to this behaviour are, or where they're documented? Surprised'ly yours, Mark -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Guido's new method definition idea
On Sun, 07 Dec 2008 18:27:21 +0100, Andreas Waldenburger wrote:
On Sat, 6 Dec 2008 23:21:04 -0800 (PST) Lie [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I think we have to test this on newbies. [snip]
Now that's talking like a programmer!
Ideas on how such a survey could be conducted? Anyone?
If this dead horse is revived because of that reason, then I'd go with
changing the error message to something that is less confusing to
newbies[1].
+ googol
I remember being tripped with the (thinking that python miscounted the
number of argument) when I was new. This has the advantage of backward
compatibility and no syntax change, just less misleading error message.
[1] anything could work, but I like this one: (c is an instance of
class C)
if the code is: c.foo(...), Error: TypeError: c.foo() takes exactly 3
argument
while if the code is: C.foo(...), Error: C.foo() takes exactly 4
arguments
You can implement c.foo as a curried C.foo function, catch C.foo's
TypeError exception then reraise it as c.foo exception.
I'm not sure that I'd find that less confusing. Because a c.foo() *does*
take four arguments, not three. It's just that the first one is implicit
(Right?).
It's not implicit, we explicitly pass c (the object instance), although
not in the argument list. So c.foo takes 3 arguments while C.foo takes 4
arguments.
In other words:
from functools import partial
c = C() - c.attr = partial(C.attr, c)
Note the error message I gave:
TypeError: c.foo() takes exactly 3 arguments
TypeError: C.foo() takes exactly 4 arguments
There are two differences there, not only one claims to accept three and
the other 4 arguments, but also the capitalization of c/C. Here is a
clearer example:
inst = cls()
TypeError: inst.foo() takes exactly 3 arguments
TypeError: cls.foo() takes exactly 4 arguments
for comparison, python's current (2.5) error message is:
TypeError: foo() takes exactly 4 arguments
in addition, with this proposal we'll know how foo is being called.
The following is a quick and dirty implementation of such error message.
Note: There are still some unresolved problems though:
1. instance.[func name] is hardcoded, as I don't know how to get the
instance's name from the instance creation itself
2. Class Invoking from class gives TypeError: foo()... instead of
TypeError: Class.foo()...
3. most definitely not to be used on real application
from types import MethodType
import re
errmess = re.compile(r'(.*?) (.*?) (\d*) (arguments?) \((\d*) given\)')
def usenewexc(obj):
def wrap(f):
def wrap_(*args, **kargs):
try:
print args, kargs
return f(*args, **kargs)
except TypeError, e:
re_mess = errmess.match(e.message)
fname = re_mess.group(1)
interm = re_mess.group(2) if re_mess.group(3) != '1' else
'takes'
reqargs = int(re_mess.group(3)) - 1 if re_mess.group(3) !
= '1' else 'no'
argue_s = re_mess.group(4) if re_mess.group(3) != '1'
else 'arguments'
givenargs = int(re_mess.group(5)) - 1
raise TypeError('%s.%s %s %s %s (%s given)' %
('instance', fname, interm, reqargs, argue_s, givenargs))
return wrap_
for attrname in dir(obj):
attr = obj.__getattribute__(attrname)
if type(attr) == MethodType:
obj.__setattr__(attrname, wrap(attr))
return obj
class A(object):
def foo(self):
print ''
pass
a = usenewexc(A())
A.foo(a, 2)
How about:
TypeError: c.foo() takes exactly 3 arguments in addition to the
implicit instance reference.
or
TypeError: c.foo() takes exactly 4 arguments (5 given, including the
implicit instance reference)
... or something less kludgy in that general direction. This would
explain exactly what is wrong.
/W
--
My real email address is constructed by swapping the domain with the
recipient (local part).
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Re: Determining whether a variable is less/greater than a range.
On Dec 8, 11:12 am, Tim Chase [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: a = list(range(10, 21)) b = 9 c = 21 How can I find out if b and c have values less or more than the values in list a? Sounds like a good use for 2.5's addition of the any() and all() functions -- you don't mention whether you want your variable compared against *any* of the list items or *all* of the list items. You also don't mention whether you want the comparison results, or just a single scalar. Lastly, you omit the details of what happens if your target value (d below) falls within the range. One of the following should do it for you: a = range(10,21) b = 9 c = 21 d = 15 any(b x for x in a) True all(b x for x in a) True any(c x for x in a) False any(d x for x in a) True all(d x for x in a) False any(c x for x in a) True all(c x for x in a) True any(d x for x in a) True all(d x for x in a) False If you just want the comparisons: y1 = [bx for x in a] y2 = [cx for x in a] y3 = [dx for x in a] z1 = [(bx, bx) for x in a] z2 = [(cx, cx) for x in a] z3 = [(dx, dx) for x in a] -tkc Hi Tim. I'm just learning Python at the moment. All I was really wanting was a True or False value which min and max give. a = list(range(10, 21)) b = 9 c = 21 if b min(a) if c max(a) The any() and all() functions look useful so thanks for the tips. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Mathematica 7 compares to other languages
Xah Lee wrote: The result and speed up of my code can be verified by anyone who has Mathematica. You changed the scene that is being rendered = your speedup is bogus! Trace the scene I originally gave and you will see that your program is no faster than mine was. -- Dr Jon D Harrop, Flying Frog Consultancy Ltd. http://www.ffconsultancy.com/?u -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to get a beep, OS independent ?
On 6 Dec, 23:40, Stef Mientki [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: hello, I want to give a small beep, Just to add to the options here. Where ncurses work you can use: python -c 'from curses import *;wrapper(lambda s:beep())' To try it just enter the whole line above in the command line.. Regards, Muhammad Alkarouri -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Mathematica 7 compares to other languages
Xah Lee wrote:
For those interested in this Mathematica problem, i've now cleaned up
the essay with additional comments here:
• A Mathematica Optimization Problem
http://xahlee.org/UnixResource_dir/writ/Mathematica_optimization.html
In that article you say:
Further, if Intersect is made to take a flat sequence of argument as
in “Intersect[o_, d_, lambda_, n_, c_, r_, s_]”, then pattern matching can
be avoided by making it into a pure function “Function”. And when it is
a “Function”, then Intersect or part of it may be compiled with Compile.
When the code is compiled, the speed should be a order of magnitude
faster.
That is incorrect. Mathematica's Compile function cannot handle recursive
functions like Intersect. For example:
In[1]:= Compile[{n_, _Integer}, If[# == 0, 1, #0[[# n - 1]] #1] [n]]
During evaluation of In[1]:= Compile::fun: Compilation of
(If[#1==0,1,#0[[#1 n-1]] #1])[Compile`FunctionVariable$435] cannot
proceed. It is not possible to compile pure functions with arguments
that represent the function itself.
--
Dr Jon D Harrop, Flying Frog Consultancy Ltd.
http://www.ffconsultancy.com/?u
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Re: A question about reference in Python.
In case the OP is interested here is a more complete implementation (others are welcome to comment): http://codepad.org/drIhqb7Z Enjoy :) cheers James -- -- -- Problems are solved by method -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: pytz and timezone specialists
On 5 déc, 20:46, Ned Deily [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], manatlan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Here is a really simple code : --- from datetime import datetime frompytzimport timezone tz=timezone(Europe/Paris) d=datetime(2008,12,12,19,00,00,tzinfo=tz) print d.isoformat() d=datetime.now(tz) print d.isoformat() --- when I run it, it displays (according current time ;-): 2008-12-12T19:00:00+00:09 2008-12-05T19:15:38.135467+01:00 The Europe/Paris timezone is GMT+1 ... the second date seems to be right (+01:00 at the end) But why the first date ends with +00:09 ?!? it should be +01:00 ... no ?! Where's the bug ?!? (sure : it's me ;-) ... but i don't understand this simple thing) tz = timezone(Europe/Paris) d = tz.localize(datetime(2008,12,12,19,00,00)) print d.isoformat() 2008-12-12T19:00:00+01:00 http://pytz.sourceforge.net/ This library only supports two ways of building a localized time. The first is to use the .localize() method provided by thepytzlibrary. This is used to localize a naive datetime (datetime with no timezone information). ... Unfortunately using the tzinfo argument of the standard datetime constructors ''does not work'' withpytzfor many timezones. -- Ned Deily, [EMAIL PROTECTED] now, I use : d=datetime.now(tz).replace(2008,12,12,19,00,00) and it works like expected ... btw, thanks for your answer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Public imports
Márcio Faustino a écrit : Hi, Does Python support public imports instead of the default private? Python has no notion of public or private !-) Something like D's public import (see http://www.digitalmars.com/d/ 2.0/module.html) Python imports don't work as D imports (as far as I can tell from the above link). The Python import statement binds imported name - whether the module object itself[1] or the explicitely[2] or implicitely[3] specified names from the module object - into the importing module's namespace. [1] import some_module [2] from some_module import some_name [3] from some_module import * IOW, if module_b imports module_a and module_c import module_a, module_a will be accessible in module_c as module_b.module_a. If module_b import name_x from module_a and module_c imports module_b, name_x will be accessible in module_c as module_b.name_x. Etc, etc HTH -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Guido's new method definition idea
Philip Slate a écrit : On Dec 7, 1:13 pm, Bruno Desthuilliers [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: and friendlier to newbies. I'd rather say more acceptable to java-brainwashed developpers. And I'd rather say you're trolling, Almost, indeed. But not as much as you !-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: newbie - merging xls files using xldt and xlwt
Hi, I have been provided with the program below. Which sets out to merge singlesheet excel files into one multisheet excel workbook. Though it manages to merge multiple files into one workbook many of the formats are not preserved. For example, what was originally 22.92% is converted to 0.2292... I was hoping if somebody could please help me understand how this can be fixed. Ideally I would like to create a program which merges files whilst keeping all formats (if at all possible). ### Merge all xls files in a given directory into one multisheet xls file. The sheets get the orginal file name, without the extension. File names should not exceed 29 characters import xlrd, xlwt import glob, os.path def merge_xls (in_dir, out_file=K:/Stats Jobs 2003/St0883 (CITB - J33882)/3. Results/Excel/merged_output.xls): xls_files = glob.glob(in_dir + *.xls) sheet_names = [os.path.basename(v)[:-4] for v in xls_files] sheet_excl = [os.path.basename(v)[:-4] for v in xls_files if len(os.path.basename(v)[:-4]) 29] merged_book = xlwt.Workbook() if in_dir[-1:] != /: in_dir = in_dir + / xls_files.sort() if xls_files: for k, xls_file in enumerate(xls_files): print --- Processing file %s % (xls_file) if len (sheet_names[k]) = 29: book = xlrd.open_workbook(xls_file) if book.nsheets == 1: ws= merged_book.add_sheet(sheet_names[k]) sheet = book.sheet_by_index(0) for rx in range(sheet.nrows): for cx in range(sheet.ncols): ws.write(rx, cx, sheet.cell_value(rx, cx)) elif book.nsheets in range(2, 100): for sheetx in range(book.nsheets): sheet0n = sheet_names[k]+str(sheetx+1).zfill(2) ws = merged_book.add_sheet(sheet0n) sheet = book.sheet_by_index(sheetx) for rx in range(sheet.nrows): for cx in range(sheet.ncols): ws.write(rx, cx, sheet.cell_value(rx, cx)) else: print ERROR *** File %s has %s sheets (maximum is 99) % (xls_file, book.nsheets) raise else: print WARNING *** File name too long: %s.xls (maximum is 29 chars) % (sheet_names[k]) print WARNING *** File %s.xls was skipped. % (sheet_names[k]) merged_book.save(out_file) print print --- Merged xls file written to %s using the following source files: % (out_file) for k, v in enumerate(sheet_names): if len(v) = 29: print \t, str(k+1).zfill(3), %s.xls % (v) print if sheet_excl: print -- The following files were skipped because the file name exceeds 29 characters: for k, v in enumerate(sheet_excl): print \t, str(k+1).zfill(3), v else: print NOTE *** No xls files in %s. Nothing to do. % (in_dir) merge_xls(in_dir=C:/temp/test merge xls/) ### Many thanks in advance. Jigs 2008/11/3 J Sutar [EMAIL PROTECTED] Mr Roskam, We have interacted before on the SPSS listserve, you have helped me out fair few times! I need a helping hand again, do you have the final solution to this problem, mergin xls from a given directory? Also where do I download the relevant modules from? Cheers Jigs 2008/10/15 Albert-jan Roskam [EMAIL PROTECTED] Hi John, Thanks! Using a higher xlrd version did the trick! Regarding your other remarks: -yep, input files with multiple sheets don't work yet. I kinda repressed that ;-) Spss outputs only single-sheet xls files, but I agree it's nicer if the programs works in other cases too. -and no, I don't intend to use data fields. Wouldn't it be easier to convert those to string values if I ever came across them? Thanks again! Albert-Jan --- On Wed, 10/15/08, John Machin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: From: John Machin [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: newbie - merging xls files using xldt and xlwt To: python-list@python.org Date: Wednesday, October 15, 2008, 3:14 PM On Oct 15, 9:16 pm, Albert-jan Roskam [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I wrote the program below to merge all xls files in a given directory into one multisheet xls file. It uses xlwt and xlrd. The xls files I use for input are generated by Spss. When I open and re-save the files in Excel, the program works, but when I use the xls files as they were created by Spss, the program returns an error message (see below). Some details: Python 2.4, xlwt version 0.7.0, xlrd version 0.5.2, Win NT. Any ideas? The version of xlrd that you are using is an antique. Go to http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd and get the latest version. If that doesn't work,
Re: Determining whether a variable is less/greater than a range.
Wow. Thanks Eric and Peter. Very helpful indeed. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python and audio frequency analysis
I'd like to make a kind of spectrum analyzer ... Which should display bars according bands of frequencies ... in real time... Is anybody know an audio processing lib in python for that ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Determining whether a variable is less/greater than a range.
a = list(range(10, 21)) b = 9 c = 21 How can I find out if b and c have values less or more than the values in list a? Sounds like a good use for 2.5's addition of the any() and all() functions -- you don't mention whether you want your variable compared against *any* of the list items or *all* of the list items. You also don't mention whether you want the comparison results, or just a single scalar. Lastly, you omit the details of what happens if your target value (d below) falls within the range. One of the following should do it for you: a = range(10,21) b = 9 c = 21 d = 15 any(b x for x in a) True all(b x for x in a) True any(c x for x in a) False any(d x for x in a) True all(d x for x in a) False any(c x for x in a) True all(c x for x in a) True any(d x for x in a) True all(d x for x in a) False If you just want the comparisons: y1 = [bx for x in a] y2 = [cx for x in a] y3 = [dx for x in a] z1 = [(bx, bx) for x in a] z2 = [(cx, cx) for x in a] z3 = [(dx, dx) for x in a] -tkc -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Shutdown Mac OSX computer using python
Håkan Hagenrud wrote: Hello, i'm a python noob! But I would like to shutdown a 10.5.x mac computer using python (2.5.1) this is my code: #!/usr/bin/python import SystemEvents down = SystemEvents.Power_Suite.Power_Suite_Events() down.shut_down() the last call needs an additional argument, I cant find any documentation about this. Anybody knows? Thank you! Why so complicated? MacOS X is a Unix at it's base, so you can use Unix commands. #!/usr/bin/python import os os.system(shutdown -h now) Must be run as root, won't work otherwise. You can however add to sudoers (man visudo) shutdown as NOPASSWD program for the users that want to execute the script and use sudo shutdown ... instead of just shutdown ... Wolfgang Draxinger -- E-Mail address works, Jabber: [EMAIL PROTECTED], ICQ: 134682867 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Beginner trying to understand functions.
In my attempt to learn Python I'm writing a small (useless) program to
help me understand the various concepts. I'm going to add to this as I
learn to serve as a single place to see how something works,
hopefully. Here is the first approach:
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
break
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
input('Press any key to exit.')
That works fine. Then I've tried to use functions instead. The first
two work fine, the third fails:
def getName():
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
def getAge():
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
break
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
def checkAge():
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
getName()
getAge()
checkAge()
I get this error message: NameError: global name 'age' is not
defined.
I'm stuck, can someone help? Thanks.
--
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Re: Strengths and weaknesses of Pygame vs. pyglet vs. PyOpenGL?
illume [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: pygame is also much more portable, has more people using it, has more developers, and a stable API. Code you wrote 5 years ago will most likely still work. Code you wrote for older versions of pyglet will not work without changes. I'm a new python and pygame user (i came from C/C++), very easy to learn and you got results very fast. I've done a low investigation before choosing pygame over pyglet. I choose pygame because i only need 2D and also because it seems there is more documentations, samples, books and developers for pygame. pygame is really easy to learn and seems fast to me and easy to extend (derivate class), support image, sound, etc... And can be bundled with py2app (Mac) : important to distribute the project. I just run a bug whn using background music, py2app fail ti create the bundle... On my iMac intel, i run my small arcade game (a spaceinvader like) between 800-1400 fps using dirtyrect. I can also run without modification on Windows and Unbuntu using WMWare on the same machine. -- Pierre-Alain Dorange http://microwar.sourceforge.net/ Ce message est sous licence Creative Commons by-nc-sa-2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/fr/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: getting error...... Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module File C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\xlrd\__init__.py, line 370, in open_workbook biff_version = bk.getb
On Dec 8, 6:48 pm, Gabriel Genellina [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
En Fri, 05 Dec 2008 02:31:01 -0200, pk sahoo [EMAIL PROTECTED]
escribió:
hallo everybody,
when i am running the following command
import xlrd
book=xlrd.open_workbook(C:\\a.xls)
i am getting the following error..
*Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\xlrd\__init__.py, line 370, in
open_workb
ook
biff_version = bk.getbof(XL_WORKBOOK_GLOBALS)
File C:\Python25\Lib\site-packages\xlrd\__init__.py, line 1323, in
getbof
raise XLRDError('Expected BOF record; found 0x%04x' % opcode)
xlrd.biffh.XLRDError: Expected BOF record; found 0x3f3c*
Looks like your a.xls file is not an Excel file (one of the formats
supported by xlrd).
As 0x3f3c corresponds to the characters '?' you probably have an XML file.
This can be verified easily by opening the file with a simple-minded
text editor (e.g. Notepad) ... if the first two lines are
?xml version=1.0?
?mso-application progid=Excel.Sheet?
then it's an Excel 2003 XML Spreadsheet that's been manually(?)
renamed from .xml to .xls.
The current xlrd release supports only the binary (BIFF) format .xls
files created by Excel 3.0 to Excel 2003. The next release (due out
Real Soon Now) will support Excel 2.1 and 2.0 formats [don't ask].
Very soon after that will come support for Excel 2007 .xlsx which is a
bunch of XML files inside a ZIP file. Support for Excel 2003
SpreadsheetML is way down the to-do list.
If the OP wants to be able to read the file with xlrd:
(1) Open it with Excel 200[37] and save as a .xls file
or (2) rename it to .xml, start OpenOffice.org Calc, click on File,
click on Open, click on Files of type, choose Microsoft Excel 2003
XML (*.xml) from the (long, unsorted) drop-down list, ..., and save
as etc etc. Gnumeric is not an option.
HTH,
John
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Re: Mathematica 7 compares to other languages
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Well, its past 'tonight' and 6 hours to go till past 'tomorrow'. Where the hell is it Zah Zah? Note that this program takes several days to compute in Mathematica (even though it takes under four seconds in other languages) so don't expect to see a genuinely optimized version any time soon... ;-) -- Dr Jon D Harrop, Flying Frog Consultancy Ltd. http://www.ffconsultancy.com/?u -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: built-in functions as class attributes
Mark Dickinson wrote: Here's a curiosity: after def my_hex(x): return hex(x) one might expect hex and my_hex to be interchangeable in most situations. But (with both Python 2.x and 3.x) I get: def my_hex(x): return hex(x) ... class T(object): f = hex ... class T2(object): f = my_hex ... T().f(12345) '0x3039' T2().f(12345) Traceback (most recent call last): File stdin, line 1, in module TypeError: my_hex() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given) [36412 refs] Anyone know what the precise rules that lead to this behaviour are, or where they're documented? To work properly as a method a callable needs a __get__() method implementing the binding mechanism. Functions written in C generally don't have that. class A(object): ... def __call__(self, *args): ... print called with, args ... class B(object): ... a = A() ... B().a() called with () Now let's turn A into a descriptor: def __get__(self, inst, cls=None): ... print inst, cls ... if inst is not None: ... def bound(*args): ... self(inst, *args) ... return bound ... return self ... A.__get__ = __get__ B().a() __main__.B object at 0x2ae49971b890 class '__main__.B' called with (__main__.B object at 0x2ae49971b890,) I don't know if there is something official, I google for http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm or descrintro every time I need a refresher. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Shutdown Mac OSX computer using python
Hello, i'm a python noob! But I would like to shutdown a 10.5.x mac computer using python (2.5.1) this is my code: #!/usr/bin/python import SystemEvents down = SystemEvents.Power_Suite.Power_Suite_Events() down.shut_down() the last call needs an additional argument, I cant find any documentation about this. Anybody knows? Thank you! Håkan Hagenrud -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Strengths and weaknesses of Pygame vs. pyglet vs. PyOpenGL?
On Dec 8, 8:59 pm, alex23 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 8, 7:18 pm, illume [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It's easier to teach only requiring *using* classes, and functions than *creating* them. This is important if it's being used to teach programming - as you don't need to teach people two fairly large concepts before you can do anything. I'm just kind of aghast at the idea of teaching anyone how to program games by using large, imperative chunks of code. I don't see functions as being a fairly large concept at all, and utterly vital to being able to write anything but the most basic 'hello world' example code. Yes, teaching hello world without requiring the creation classes is a *good thing*. Imagine having to create classes to make a hello world program? You'd have a typical java hello world program. This means you need to explain the concept of OO before they can do hello world. It's about teaching concepts separately, rather than requiring them to be taught all at once. If you don't need to use something, then why bother using it? Just for purity? Python has a long history of not making everything classes. So I see requiring the creation of classes to do 'hello world' as being un-pythonic and overly complex. I also see it getting in the way of seeing results, which is important when intially learning programming. Also python has very slow function calls, so avoiding using callbacks is also faster. Wouldn't it be better to teach people the basics of coding -before- setting out to optimise their code? I was explaing the advantages of avoiding callbacks, and avoiding requiring the creation of classes. I think it's simpler, and faster to avoid callbacks. I was not saying that it's better to optimize peoples code before teaching people the basics of programming. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Public imports
Hi, Does Python support public imports instead of the default private? Something like D's public import (see http://www.digitalmars.com/d/ 2.0/module.html) or even Perl's export_to_level. Thanks, -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Determining whether a variable is less/greater than a range.
Found it. min and max functions. I thought that this would be implemented as a list method: a.min a.max I can see that the built in functions make sense. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: built-in functions as class attributes
On Dec 8, 11:23 am, Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I don't know if there is something official, I google for http://users.rcn.com/python/download/Descriptor.htm or descrintro every time I need a refresher. Thank you! I'd read this before, but apparently I'd either not taken it in first time round, or entirely forgotten it. Anything written by Raymond has got to be pretty darn close to 'official'. :) Mark -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Determining whether a variable is less/greater than a range.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi. I'm having another go at learning Python so I'll probably be asking a few basic questions. Here is the first one. a = list(range(10, 21) b = 9 c = 21 How can I find out if b and c have values less or more than the values in list a? a = range(10, 21) b = 9 c = 21 Are there any items in a that are less than b or greater than c? any(xb or xc for x in a) False No. Are there any items in a that are greater than b? any(xb for x in a) True Yes. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
On Mon, Dec 8, 2008 at 11:32 PM, simonh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
That works fine. Then I've tried to use functions instead. The first
two work fine, the third fails:
[ ... snip ... ]
Try this:
def getName():
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
return name
def getAge():
while True:
try:
return int(input('Please enter your age: '))
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
def checkAge(age):
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
return True
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
return False
name = getName()
age = getAge()
if checkAge(age):
# Do something
else:
# Do something else
cheers
James
PS: Read the Tutorial :)
--
--
-- Problems are solved by method
--
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Re: infering the number of args a function takes at runtime
On Mon, 08 Dec 2008 02:40:03 -0800, sniffer wrote:
On Dec 8, 9:39 am, sniffer [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
hi all,
i am a python newbie, in a project currently doing i need to find out
the number of arguments that a function takes at runtime.? Is this
possible ,if so how do i do this,i ve looked through the python
documentation but couldnt find anything.any help will be great
TIA
Thanks guys , i think this should work for me.btw as enquired i am
working o a mvc thingie where in need to call functions in a
controller,and pass the arguments as recieved from the end user so i
need to make sure that the number of arguments passed from the front end
are correct or not in the context of the function being called
In python, usually you'll just pass the them all and maybe catch errors.
def callback(*args, **kargs):
try:
return func(*args, **kargs)
except TypeError:
print('An error happened')
--
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Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
simonh [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
def getName():
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
def getAge():
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
break
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
def checkAge():
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
getName()
getAge()
checkAge()
I get this error message: NameError: global name 'age' is not
defined.
Indeed age was not a global... So :
1/ make it a global (just define age=0 before getAge()
2/ or return a value from getAge() and pass this avlue to checkAge.
I recommand the second option, less globals is always better.
def getAge():
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
return age
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
def checkAge(age,min=18,max=31):
if age in list(range(min, max)):
print('Come on in!')
elif age min:
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max:
print('Sorry, too old.')
getName()
a=getAge()
checkAge(a)
For my part, i wouldn't loop getAge(à this way : i dislike infinite
loop.
I prefer to return None when ther is an error and check for None in the
main program
def getAge():
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
return age
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
return None
getName()
a=getAge()
if a!=None:
checkAge(a)
of i you want to loop in getAge() :
def getAge():
age=-1
while age0:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
return age
I'm a beginner with python, perhaps it was not pythonic, but i'm sure
someone will tell is it's not.
--
Pierre-Alain Dorangehttp://microwar.sourceforge.net/
Ce message est sous licence Creative Commons by-nc-sa-2.0
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/fr/
--
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Re: Determining whether a variable is less/greater than a range.
On Dec 8, 11:44 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi. I'm having another go at learning Python so I'll probably be asking a few basic questions. Here is the first one. a = list(range(10, 21) b = 9 c = 21 How can I find out if b and c have values less or more than the values in list a? Thanks. what about: a = list(range(10, 21)) def compare(value, list): m,M = min(list), max(list) return value=m, value=M b = 9 c = 21 print compare(b,a) print compare(c,a) for i in range (8, 25): print i, compare(i, a) (False, True) (True, False) 8 (False, True) 9 (False, True) 10 (True, True) 11 (True, True) 12 (True, True) 13 (True, True) 14 (True, True) 15 (True, True) 16 (True, True) 17 (True, True) 18 (True, True) 19 (True, True) 20 (True, True) 21 (True, False) 22 (True, False) 23 (True, False) 24 (True, False) it helps? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python and audio frequency analysis
manatlan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'd like to make a kind of spectrum analyzer ... Which should display bars according bands of frequencies ... in real time... Is anybody know an audio processing lib in python for that ? For the display module you can use pygame, pyglet or pyOpenGL, there are fast. For the audio analysis i thought the module must be written in C or something very fast, because python, due to it's nature, would probably not compute spectrum as fast as real time : 44100 samples per seconds is a lot of work... -- Pierre-Alain Dorangehttp://microwar.sourceforge.net/ Ce message est sous licence Creative Commons by-nc-sa-2.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/fr/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
simonh wrote:
In my attempt to learn Python I'm writing a small (useless) program to
help me understand the various concepts. I'm going to add to this as I
learn to serve as a single place to see how something works,
hopefully. Here is the first approach:
That works fine. Then I've tried to use functions instead. The first
two work fine, the third fails:
def getName():
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
def getAge():
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
break
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
def checkAge():
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
getName()
getAge()
checkAge()
I get this error message: NameError: global name 'age' is not
defined.
I'm stuck, can someone help? Thanks.
Generally, when you calculate something within a function you tell it the
caller by returning it:
def get_age():
... return 74
...
get_age()
74
age = get_age()
age
74
And if you want a function to act upon a value you pass it explicitly:
def check_age(age):
... if 18 = age = 30:
... print(Come in)
... else:
... print(Sorry, you can't come in)
...
check_age(10)
Sorry, you can't come in
check_age(20)
Come in
To check the age determined by the get_age() function you do:
age = get_age()
check_age(age)
Sorry, you can't come in
Peter
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Beginner trying to understand functions.
simonh write:
In my attempt to learn Python I'm writing a small (useless) program to
help me understand the various concepts. I'm going to add to this as I
learn to serve as a single place to see how something works,
hopefully. Here is the first approach:
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
break
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
input('Press any key to exit.')
That works fine. Then I've tried to use functions instead. The first
two work fine, the third fails:
def getName():
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
def getAge():
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
break
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
def checkAge():
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
getName()
getAge()
checkAge()
I get this error message: NameError: global name 'age' is not
defined.
I'm stuck, can someone help? Thanks.
You are running into Python's scoping rules. Variables in Python are not
global by default, they are local to their scope. Each function has it's
own scope (but blocks like if: and while: don't.) So your variable age
only exists in
getage(). It doesn't exist in checkage(). You could simply add a
global age statement to getAge() before you first use the age
variable, and that will likely work.
Or, rather than declare it global, you might want to have getage()
return a value, and then pass it to checkage () as a function parameter.
Add a return age statement to getage() before break. Then, for your def:
def checkage(age):
And then when calling:
A=getAge()
checkAge(A)
--
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Re: Guido's new method definition idea
I like the transparancy and clearity of python, and the explicit self fits beautifully. Allowing a second way of defining your methods would only confuse newbies more I would think. I was a newby only half a year ago (or maybe I still am). The explicit self seems weird the very first time you see it, but very soon you see the beauty of it. The error message may be confusing sometimes, but as Guido says, I guess it's better to fix the error message rather than changing the language. -1 for me! As for the $ stuff, it makes things less transparant and yes, it's looks rather ugly. -1 on this one as well. Almar -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: gzip.GzipFile (was Re: Don't you just love writing this sort of thing :))
Jorgen Grahn wrote: On Sat, 06 Dec 2008 10:01:10 +, Arnaud Delobelle [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... Why use (open, gzp.GzipFile)[Entry.endswith(.gz)] when we have had contitional expressions for a few years now? Instead, you can write (gzip.GzipFile if entry.endswidth(.gz) else open). I think it will be faster (as it doesn't require the construction of a tuple and then the retrieval of one of its elements) and clearer. Even clearer would be if gzip.Gzipfile could (optionally) read non-gzipped files and file-like objects, like the gzip Unix commands zcat -f, zgrep and so on. Also, making a decision based on the .gz part of the name isn't always correct -- you miss files named foo.Z and similar. gzip is for reading gzipped files. IMHO it would be better to have a de-archive module which uses the gzip, tarfile, etc, modules as necessary. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Rich Comparisons Gotcha
Rober Kern wrote:
James Stroud wrote:
Steven D'Aprano wrote:
On Sun, 07 Dec 2008 13:57:54 -0800, James Stroud wrote:
Rasmus Fogh wrote:
ll1 = [y,1]
y in ll1
True
ll2 = [1,y]
y in ll2
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
ValueError: The truth value of an array with more than one element
is
ambiguous. Use a.any() or a.all()
I think you could be safe calling this a bug with numpy.
Only in the sense that there are special cases where the array
elements are all true, or all false, and numpy *could* safely return a
bool. But special cases are not special enough to break the rules.
Better for the numpy caller to write this:
a.all() # or any()
instead of:
try:
bool(a)
except ValueError:
a.all()
as they would need to do if numpy sometimes returned a bool and
sometimes raised an exception.
I'm missing how a.all() solves the problem Rasmus describes, namely
that
the order of a python *list* affects the results of containment tests
by
numpy.array. E.g. y in ll1 and y in ll2 evaluate to different
results in his example. It still seems like a bug in numpy to me, even
if too much other stuff is broken if you fix it (in which case it
apparently becomes an issue).
It's an issue, if anything, not a bug. There is no consistent
implementation of
bool(some_array) that works in all cases. numpy's predecessor Numeric
used to
implement this as returning True if at least one element was non-zero.
This
works well for bool(x!=y) (which is equivalent to (x!=y).any()) but does
not
work well for bool(x==y) (which should be (x==y).all()), but many people
got
confused and thought that bool(x==y) worked. When we made numpy, we
decided to
explicitly not allow bool(some_array) so that people will not write
buggy code like this again.
You are so right, Robert:
The deficiency is in the feature of rich comparisons, not numpy's
implementation of it. __eq__() is allowed to return non-booleans;
however, there are some parts of Python's implementation like
list.__contains__() that still expect the return value of __eq__() to be
meaningfully cast to a boolean.
One might argue if this is a deficiency in rich comparisons or a rather a
bug in list, set and dict. Certainly numpy is following the rules. In fact
numpy should be applauded for throwing an error rather than returning a
misleading value.
For my personal problem I could indeed wrap all objects in a wrapper with
whatever 'correct' behaviour I want (thanks, TJR). It does seem a bit
much, though, just to get code like this to work as intended:
alist.append(x)
print ('x is present: ', x in alist)
So, I would much prefer a language change. I am not competent to even
propose one properly, but I'll try.
First, to clear the air:
Rich comparisons, the ability to overload '==', and the constraints (or
lack of them) on __eq__ must stay unchanged. There are reasons for their
current behaviour - ieee754 is particularly convincing - and anyway they
are not going to change. No point in trying.
There remains the problem is that __eq__ is used inside python
'collections' (list, set, dict etc.), and that the kind of overloading
used (quite legitimately) in numpy etc. breaks the collection behaviour.
It seems that proper behaviour of the collections requires an equality
test that satisfies:
1) x equal x
2) x equal y = y equal x
3) x equal y and y equal z = x equal z
4) (x equal y) is a boolean
5) (x equal y) is defined (and will not throw an error) for all x,y
6) x unequal y == not(x equal y) (by definition)
Note to TJR: 5) does not mean that Python should magically shield me from
errors. All I am asking is that programmers design their equal() function
to avoid raising errors, and that errors raised from equal() clearly
count as bugs.
I cannot imagine getting the collections to work in a simple and intuitive
manner without an equality test that satisfies 1)-6). Maybe somebody else
can. Instead I would propose adding an __equal__ special method for the
purpose.
It looks like the current collections use the folowing, at least in part
def oldCollectionTest(x,y):
if x is y:
return True
else:
return (x == y)
I would propose adding a new __equal__ method that satisfies 2) - 6)
above.
We could then define
def newCollectionTest(x,y):
if x is y:
# this takes care of satisfying 1)
return True
elif hasattr(x, '__equal__'):
return x.__equal__(y)
elif hasattr(y, '__equal__'):
return y.__equal__(x)
else:
return False
The implementations for list, set and dict would then behave according to
newCollectionTest. We would also want an equal() built-in with the same
behaviour.
In plain words, the default behaviour would be identity semantics. Objects
that wanted value semantics could implement an __equal__ function with the
correct behaviour. Wherever possible __equal__ would be the same as
__eq__. This function may deviate from 'proper' behaviour in some cases.
All I claim
Re: dBase III files and Visual Foxpro 6 files
On Dec 8, 12:53 pm, Ethan Furman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Greetings All! I nearly have support complete for dBase III dbf/dbt files -- just wrapping up support for dates. The null value has been a hindrance for awhile but I nearly have that solved as well. For any who know of a cool dbf module already in existence for dBase III and Visual Foxpro -- where were you six months ago when I was searching? ;) Seriously, though, this has been a great learning experience for me. As I said -- dbf/dbt files are 99% ready. idx files -- no support: for my purposes I just don't need them. I've found no problem in loading tables up to 300,000 records with 50 fields per record, and re-ordering them on the fly in memory. However, after putting much effort into this code, and wanting it to be useful to others in the community, are there others who work with dbf files that would need idx/cdx support? Or tables so large they won't fit comfortably into memory? ~ethan~ hi ethan, great to hear that someone has finally written something for interacting with vfp6 data,when do you plan to release it -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Public imports
Márcio Faustino: Does Python support public imports instead of the default private? Something like D's public import (see http://www.digitalmars.com/d/ 2.0/module.html) or even Perl's export_to_level. D type system has several big holes, and I am trying to push Walter to fix some of those, to make it look a little more sane, like for example the Python module system. Public imports are often bad. Bye, bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python and audio frequency analysis
On Mon, Dec 8, 2008 at 10:20 PM, manatlan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'd like to make a kind of spectrum analyzer ... Which should display bars according bands of frequencies ... in real time... Is anybody know an audio processing lib in python for that ? Hi, It is possible to use python for audio processing: I am doing in PhD in audio signal processing, and I mostly use python for my research: audio file IO, relatively advanced processing, display. You will need scientific packages to do the processing: numpy at minimum, to give you an array class ala matlab, for fast vector operations, and scipy to give you more tools (filtering, multi-dimensional fft, etc...). Now, it may not be usable depending on your application: if you know matlab, and your application is doable in matlab, it is doable in python + numpy/scipy. You can see an example of real-time spectrogram with the whole scientific python stack here: http://code.enthought.com/projects/chaco/gallery.php (last example at the bottom) But it may not work out depending on what you mean by real-time: if you use the term precisely, in its computer-science meaning (time-bound process), then it will be difficult if not impossible, by the very nature of python. You need a very precise control of resources in that context, which python does not give. David -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
i think we should use raw_input('Please enter your name: ') instead of
input('Please enter your name: ')
2008/12/8 Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED]
simonh wrote:
In my attempt to learn Python I'm writing a small (useless) program to
help me understand the various concepts. I'm going to add to this as I
learn to serve as a single place to see how something works,
hopefully. Here is the first approach:
That works fine. Then I've tried to use functions instead. The first
two work fine, the third fails:
def getName():
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
def getAge():
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
break
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
def checkAge():
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
getName()
getAge()
checkAge()
I get this error message: NameError: global name 'age' is not
defined.
I'm stuck, can someone help? Thanks.
Generally, when you calculate something within a function you tell it the
caller by returning it:
def get_age():
... return 74
...
get_age()
74
age = get_age()
age
74
And if you want a function to act upon a value you pass it explicitly:
def check_age(age):
... if 18 = age = 30:
... print(Come in)
... else:
... print(Sorry, you can't come in)
...
check_age(10)
Sorry, you can't come in
check_age(20)
Come in
To check the age determined by the get_age() function you do:
age = get_age()
check_age(age)
Sorry, you can't come in
Peter
--
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--
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[Python 2.x] Pickling a datetime.tzinfo subclass instance?
Hello, I'm writing a program that pickles an instance of a custom subclass of datetime.tzinfo. I followed the guides given in the Library Reference (version 2.5.2, chapter 5.1.6), which contain the note: Special requirement for pickling: A tzinfo subclass must have an __init__ method that can be called with no arguments, else it can be pickled but possibly not unpickled again. This is a technical requirement that may be relaxed in the future. I tried this with an example FixedOffset subclass instance given in the Example section in the manual. It indeed failed to unpickle. To work around this, I found two possible solutions: 1. Modify the __init__ method so that it takes optional arguments with default values; 2. Implement the __getinitargs__ method so that it does the opposite of __init__: returning a tuple from the instance's internal state that can be used to re-initialize an instance, retaining the old value. My questions: 1. Is the technical limitation fixed in version 2.6 or 3.0? I can't check it for myself now... Python.org seems down and I can't find the docs. 2. To stick with version 2.5, which of the above 2 methods is better? Both seems to unpickle to the correct result, but are there subtle side-effects? Or there are better solutions? Regards, Cong. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
On Tue, Dec 9, 2008 at 12:24 AM, cadmuxe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
i think we should use raw_input('Please enter your name: ') instead of
input('Please enter your name: ')
Good point :) OP: Please take notes :)
cheers
James
--
--
-- Problems are solved by method
--
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Re: Public imports
D type system has several big holes, I meant D module system, of course. Sorry. Bye, bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
On Mon, Dec 8, 2008 at 9:24 AM, cadmuxe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
i think we should use raw_input('Please enter your name: ') instead of
input('Please enter your name: ')
Print is a function in this code and range returns an iterator (or else
list(range(18,31)) is redundant). I think the OP is using python 3. Guess
we're all going to have to get used to some of the changes, like raw_input
being renamed to input.
2008/12/8 Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED]
simonh wrote:
In my attempt to learn Python I'm writing a small (useless) program to
help me understand the various concepts. I'm going to add to this as I
learn to serve as a single place to see how something works,
hopefully. Here is the first approach:
That works fine. Then I've tried to use functions instead. The first
two work fine, the third fails:
def getName():
name = input('Please enter your name: ')
print('Hello', name)
def getAge():
while True:
try:
age = int(input('Please enter your age: '))
break
except ValueError:
print('That was not a valid number. Please try again.')
def checkAge():
permitted = list(range(18, 31))
if age in permitted:
print('Come on in!')
elif age min(permitted):
print('Sorry, too young.')
elif age max(permitted):
print('Sorry, too old.')
getName()
getAge()
checkAge()
I get this error message: NameError: global name 'age' is not
defined.
I'm stuck, can someone help? Thanks.
Generally, when you calculate something within a function you tell it the
caller by returning it:
def get_age():
... return 74
...
get_age()
74
age = get_age()
age
74
And if you want a function to act upon a value you pass it explicitly:
def check_age(age):
... if 18 = age = 30:
... print(Come in)
... else:
... print(Sorry, you can't come in)
...
check_age(10)
Sorry, you can't come in
check_age(20)
Come in
To check the age determined by the get_age() function you do:
age = get_age()
check_age(age)
Sorry, you can't come in
Peter
--
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--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
--
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datetime and the rich-companison operators
Greetings All! I am implementing a NullDate class in order to mirror dates and datetimes that have no value (yes, this is for my dbf module :) I'm still a bit fuzzy about class methods, hashing, and __new__, but my question of the moment is this: it seems to me that with two dates or datetimes, they should either be equal, or one should precede the other, and this can be accomplished quite handily with __cmp__... so does anyone know why the rich comparisons were used in the datetime module? Was it simply a style choice, or is something being handled that __cmp__ couldn't cope with? Thanks in advance! ~ethan~ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
James Mills wrote:
On Tue, Dec 9, 2008 at 12:24 AM, cadmuxe [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
i think we should use raw_input('Please enter your name: ') instead of
input('Please enter your name: ')
Good point :) OP: Please take notes :)
I think the OP is using Python 3.0. What used to cause trouble
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Jul 31 2008, 23:17:43)
[GCC 4.1.3 20070929 (prerelease) (Ubuntu 4.1.2-16ubuntu2)] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
input()
1/0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
File string, line 1, in module
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
is now the way it should be:
Python 3.0 (r30:67503, Dec 4 2008, 11:26:28)
[GCC 4.1.3 20070929 (prerelease) (Ubuntu 4.1.2-16ubuntu2)] on linux2
Type help, copyright, credits or license for more information.
raw_input()
Traceback (most recent call last):
File stdin, line 1, in module
NameError: name 'raw_input' is not defined
input()
1/0
'1/0'
Peter
--
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Re: [Py2exe-users] py2exe 0.6.9 released
On Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:39:36 +, Pascal wrote: On Sun, 16 Nov 2008 21:23:59 -0500, Chris Spencer wrote: After I compile my program with py2exe 0.6.9 with Python 2.6, I'm still getting the Application Did Not Initialize Properly error dialog whenever I run my code. What am I doing wrong? I have exactly the same problem. I have tried just anything I could think of to no avail : Copied the 3 msvc_90.dll to the system32 subdir of Windows, to the directory of my application, reinstalled the whole Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Package, embedded the manifest data into the exe or kept it in a .manifest file... Could not make it work. Always got the Application Did Not Initialize Properly message. I'm with Windows XP SP3. I tried all this on 2 different systems and I got the same results. I think I narrowed down a little bit the problem. It's not the common one when the msvc_90.dll are not located, though the result is similar. The problem is when you try to generate at least 2 exe in one setup (with 2 scripts specified in the windows command of the setup). This works OK with py2exe 0.6.9 for Python 2.5, but fails with Python 2.6 (and 2.6.1). None of the generated exe can be started. When I compare the content of library.zip in both versions, this file doesn't contain any .pyc for the scripts you want to generate an exe for with Python 2.5, but always contains a .pyc for one of the scripts you want to generate an .exe for with Python 2.6. Don't know if it's a clue for finding a fix. I have tested many ways to figure this out but I can't find any solution for the moment so I'm sticking with Python 2.5. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: dBase III files and Visual Foxpro 6 files
sniffer wrote: On Dec 8, 12:53 pm, Ethan Furman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Greetings All! I nearly have support complete for dBase III dbf/dbt files -- just wrapping up support for dates. The null value has been a hindrance for awhile but I nearly have that solved as well. For any who know of a cool dbf module already in existence for dBase III and Visual Foxpro -- where were you six months ago when I was searching? ;) Seriously, though, this has been a great learning experience for me. As I said -- dbf/dbt files are 99% ready. idx files -- no support: for my purposes I just don't need them. I've found no problem in loading tables up to 300,000 records with 50 fields per record, and re-ordering them on the fly in memory. However, after putting much effort into this code, and wanting it to be useful to others in the community, are there others who work with dbf files that would need idx/cdx support? Or tables so large they won't fit comfortably into memory? ~ethan~ hi ethan, great to hear that someone has finally written something for interacting with vfp6 data,when do you plan to release it Well, let's see... A couple more days to have the datetime bit worked out (I don't support datetimes prior to 1981 in vfp tables), longer for currency types, and of course, no idx/cdx support at this point. Tell you what -- I'll trade you a copy of the code as it stands with date and datetime working for null values, for an answer of whether you need idx/cdx file support. ;) ~ethan~ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
On Tue, Dec 9, 2008 at 12:46 AM, Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think the OP is using Python 3.0. What used to cause trouble Well of course he/she/it is! I'm too blind to have noticed that! :) --JamesMills -- -- -- Problems are solved by method -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Beginner trying to understand functions.
On 12月8日, 下午10时53分, James Mills [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Tue, Dec 9, 2008 at 12:46 AM, Peter Otten [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think the OP is using Python 3.0. What used to cause trouble Well of course he/she/it is! I'm too blind to have noticed that! :) --JamesMills -- -- -- Problems are solved by method oh,i think i should go to read the new document of py3k thanks for all -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
appending values into array instead of a list
Hi,
I have this little script:
import csv
import numpy
signal=[]
ref=[]
for x in csv.reader(open('reffile.csv').readlines()):
ref.append(x)
for x in csv.reader(open('signalfile.csv').readlines()):
signal.append(x)
signalarray=numpy.array(signal, dtype=float)
signaldict={}
signaldict.update(dict(signalarray))
intarray=[0.0 for x in range(301)]
cntarray=[0 for x in range(301)]
for line in ref:
print line
locstr=line[1]
endstr=line[2]
loc=float(locstr)
end=float(endstr)
print loc
print end
i=0
while float(i) = 300.0:
if signaldict.has_key(end+float(i)):
expr=signaldict[end+float(i)]
print expr
intarray[i]+=expr
cntarray[i]+=1
y=i
i+=1
print intarray
print cntarray
fo=file('outfile.txt','w')
s=str(intarray)
fo.write(s)
fo.close()
So on the above I am appending values from signaldict indexed by i for every
object in the ref list. This way I calculate the sum of all values with
similar indexing i value. Would I be able to store the signaldict[i] for
every line individually in a multidimensional array?
cheers
--
View this message in context:
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Re: Best way to run multiple Python processes without overloading CPU or disk i/o
On Dec 8, 2008, at 2:48 AM, Gabriel Genellina wrote: En Wed, 03 Dec 2008 02:29:32 -0200, Philip Semanchuk [EMAIL PROTECTED] escribió: On Dec 2, 2008, at 11:21 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Is there a cross-platform way to launch multiple Python processes and monitor CPU usage os.getloadavg() might be useful. It certainly works on *nix, don't know about Windows. The documentation doesn't mention any platform limitations. apart from saying Availability: Unix.? :) Which just goes to show that Python is improving all the time. That's a fix that's present in the 2.6 documentation. I have 2.5 installed, and Availability: Unix is not in that doc: http://www.python.org/doc/2.5/lib/os-path.html#l2h-2791 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A question about reference in Python.
On Dec 7, 2008, at 10:26 PM, Group wrote: Now, I want to write a Red-Black Tree, and a List structure. In C/C+ +, I can use pointers to refer to children notes (or next notes). But, in Python, how can I do it? Except the sequence, I know not any way. Any variable in Python is a reference, which is roughly analogous to a pointer type in C/C++. For details and examples, see: http://www.strout.net/info/coding/valref/ Best, - Joe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Learning Python now coming from Perl
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED],
Nick Craig-Wood [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
My favourite mistake when I made the transition was calling methods
without parentheses. In perl it is common to call methods without
parentheses - in python this does absolutely nothing! pychecker does
warn about it though.
perl - $object-method
python - object.method()
On the other hand, leaving out the parens returns the function itself,
which you can then call later. I've often used this to create data-driven
logic.
For example, I'm currently working on some code that marshals objects of
various types to a wire protocol. I've got something like:
encoders = {
SM_INT: write_int,
SM_SHORT: write_short,
SM_FLOAT: write_float,
# and so on
}
class AnyVal:
def __init__(self, type, value):
self.type = type
self.value = value
def write_anyval(any):
encoders[any.type](any.value)
The fact that functions are objects which can be assigned and stored in
containers makes this easy to do.
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Equivalent of 'wget' for python?
Hi, I'm looking for a portable way to download ZIP files on the internet through Python. I don't want to do os.system() to invoke 'wget', since this isn't portable on Windows. I'm hoping the core python library has a library for this. Note that I'll be using Python 3.0. Thanks. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Guido's new method definition idea
I'd like this new way of defining methods, what do you guys think? Anyone ready for writing a PEP? I don't really see any advantage. IMHO, it is not clearer, it is not more concise, it makes the definition of class shared variables look really out of place. It also makes the new programmer wonder where the function attaches if you *don't* specify self. I also give it a -1. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Equivalent of 'wget' for python?
Robert Dailey wrote: Hi, I'm looking for a portable way to download ZIP files on the internet through Python. I don't want to do os.system() to invoke 'wget', since this isn't portable on Windows. I'm hoping the core python library has a library for this. Note that I'll be using Python 3.0. Module urllib2 Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Equivalent of 'wget' for python?
On Mon, 08 Dec 2008 17:29:35 +0100, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Robert Dailey wrote: Hi, I'm looking for a portable way to download ZIP files on the internet through Python. I don't want to do os.system() to invoke 'wget', since this isn't portable on Windows. I'm hoping the core python library has a library for this. Note that I'll be using Python 3.0. Module urllib2 There isn't such a module in Python 3.0. Jean-Paul -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Equivalent of 'wget' for python?
Robert Dailey wrote: Hi, I'm looking for a portable way to download ZIP files on the internet through Python. I don't want to do os.system() to invoke 'wget', since this isn't portable on Windows. I'm hoping the core python library has a library for this. Note that I'll be using Python 3.0. Thanks. urllib.urlretrieve(url_of_zip_file, destination_on_local_filesystem). There's also a third argument you can use to link a progress update function of your choosing if you need it. Roger. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Calling C# COM (.NET) from python
Hi, I've never programmed in python and only have a small understanding of what is wrapped up in the terms COM and .NET. Is there a way of using python to get a hold of objects written in C# as COM objects using python? I'm looking for ways to avoid VBScript (which, after a couple of weeks, I've determined to be horrid). That is, is there a way of getting at COM objects in python that's similar to doing a CreateObject call in VBScript (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ dcw63t7z.aspx)? Thanks, Andy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Guido's new method definition idea
On Dec 6, 4:15 pm, Carl Banks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 6, 12:47 am, Patrick Mullen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Could I do something like this: def a.add(b): return a+b Outside of a class? Of course then that makes you think you could do 5.add(6) or something crzy like that. (I mean, you can do (5).__add__(6) but that's something else entirely) I'd be inclined to think that this defines an instancemethod on an existing object a. In other word, I'd read the following two lines as more or less equivalent. def a.add(b): return a+b a.add = lambda b: a+b Just as the following are equivalent: def foo(): return bar foo = lambda: bar I had been -0 on this, but now I think I'm -1. This brings up another question, what would one use when referencing method names inside the class definition?: class C: def self.method(arg): self.value = arg def self.othermethod(arg): self.value = arg # do this? funcs = (self.method, self.othermethod) # or this? funcs = (method, othermethod) On another related note, I would be interested in seeing this syntax adopted for a different purpose... Normally, if I'm defining a nested function that needs to be stored as an object attribute, I have to use a dummy name, like the following: class C: def createfunc(self, arg): def _dummy(arg): return arg + 1 self.func = _dummy It would be nice to be able to do the following instead: class C: def createfunc(self): def self.func(arg): return arg + 1 Or, after the class definition is done, to extend it dynamically: def C.method(self, arg): self.value = arg ...which would be the equivalent of the following: def method(self, arg): self.value = arg C.method = method Since functions are first-class objects, it seems perfectly reasonable to me. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Guido's new method definition idea
On Dec 6, 4:15 pm, Carl Banks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 6, 12:47 am, Patrick Mullen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Could I do something like this: def a.add(b): return a+b Outside of a class? Of course then that makes you think you could do 5.add(6) or something crzy like that. (I mean, you can do (5).__add__(6) but that's something else entirely) I'd be inclined to think that this defines an instancemethod on an existing object a. In other word, I'd read the following two lines as more or less equivalent. def a.add(b): return a+b a.add = lambda b: a+b Just as the following are equivalent: def foo(): return bar foo = lambda: bar I had been -0 on this, but now I think I'm -1. This brings up another question, what would one use when referencing method names inside the class definition?: class C: def self.method(arg): self.value = arg def self.othermethod(arg): self.value = arg # do this? funcs = (self.method, self.othermethod) # or this? funcs = (method, othermethod) On another related note, I would be interested in seeing this syntax adopted for the very purpose Carl hinted at... Normally, if I'm defining a nested function that needs to be stored as an object attribute, I have to use a dummy name, like the following: class C: def createfunc(self, arg): def _dummy(arg): return arg + 1 self.func = _dummy It would be nice to be able to do the following instead: class C: def createfunc(self): def self.func(arg): return arg + 1 Or, after the class definition is done, to extend it dynamically: def C.method(self, arg): self.value = arg ...which would be the equivalent of the following: def method(self, arg): self.value = arg C.method = method Since functions are first-class objects, it seems perfectly reasonable to me. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
SQLObject 0.9.9
Hello! I'm pleased to announce version 0.9.10, a minor bugfix release of 0.9 branch of SQLObject. What is SQLObject = SQLObject is an object-relational mapper. Your database tables are described as classes, and rows are instances of those classes. SQLObject is meant to be easy to use and quick to get started with. SQLObject supports a number of backends: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase, MSSQL and MaxDB (also known as SAPDB). Where is SQLObject == Site: http://sqlobject.org Development: http://sqlobject.org/devel/ Mailing list: https://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/sqlobject-discuss Archives: http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.sqlobject Download: http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/SQLObject/0.9.9 News and changes: http://sqlobject.org/News.html What's New == News since 0.9.8 * Backported from the trunk: under MySQL use the connection's dbEncoding instead of ascii, when converting a unicode value from python to database for a StringCol. * Fixed createSQL constrains generation under MySQL when the table's name includes the database's name (contains a dot). For a more complete list, please see the news: http://sqlobject.org/News.html Oleg. -- Oleg Broytmannhttp://phd.pp.ru/[EMAIL PROTECTED] Programmers don't die, they just GOSUB without RETURN. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
SQLObject 0.10.4
Hello! I'm pleased to announce version 0.10.4, a minor bugfix release of 0.10 branch of SQLObject. What is SQLObject = SQLObject is an object-relational mapper. Your database tables are described as classes, and rows are instances of those classes. SQLObject is meant to be easy to use and quick to get started with. SQLObject supports a number of backends: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase, MSSQL and MaxDB (also known as SAPDB). Where is SQLObject == Site: http://sqlobject.org Development: http://sqlobject.org/devel/ Mailing list: https://lists.sourceforge.net/mailman/listinfo/sqlobject-discuss Archives: http://news.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.sqlobject Download: http://cheeseshop.python.org/pypi/SQLObject/0.10.4 News and changes: http://sqlobject.org/News.html What's New == News since 0.10.3 - * Fixed createSQL constrains generation under MySQL when the table's name includes the database's name (contains a dot). For a more complete list, please see the news: http://sqlobject.org/News.html Oleg. -- Oleg Broytmannhttp://phd.pp.ru/[EMAIL PROTECTED] Programmers don't die, they just GOSUB without RETURN. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python-URL! - weekly Python news and links (Dec 8)
QOTW: To the pure, everything, properly described, is pure ;-) - Bengt Richter The final version of Python 3.0 was released last Wednesday, jointly with 2.6.1 - congratulations! http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/f92e7e2db667d903/ Implementing lazy properties: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/ce1d75c31a6e2df1/ Overriding __special__ methods at the instance level: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/3442c5004de0d411/ Strategy to develop libraries both for 2.x and 3.x http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/ee4f9e645e5f41d0/ Guidelines for designing a project's structure on disk: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/e8dd7109df5f61b2/ A detective story: a hard-to-find bug regarding how 3.0 reads UTF16-encoded files: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/ae1bc6660a6b2c5f/ When translated into Python, a Perl example about closures shows a few differences between 2.5 and 3.0: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/5c6734bc5181af6a/ Learning Python for Perl programmers: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/d2abcb3e75c5f041/ An alternative syntax for defining methods (moving self out of the argument list): http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/5457b8649040f7ea/ as is now a keyword (2.6); that breaks some existing code, and angers several people: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/e9ffe83fcf4b0af0/ 3.0 file read/write is slow and not as optimized as 2.x: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/6c4d3a2d678c1eba/ http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python/t/9046eee09137c657/ Everything Python-related you want is probably one or two clicks away in these pages: Python.org's Python Language Website is the traditional center of Pythonia http://www.python.org Notice especially the master FAQ http://www.python.org/doc/FAQ.html PythonWare complements the digest you're reading with the marvelous daily python url http://www.pythonware.com/daily Just beginning with Python? This page is a great place to start: http://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers The Python Papers aims to publish the efforts of Python enthusiats: http://pythonpapers.org/ The Python Magazine is a technical monthly devoted to Python: http://pythonmagazine.com Readers have recommended the Planet sites: http://planetpython.org http://planet.python.org comp.lang.python.announce announces new Python software. Be sure to scan this newsgroup weekly. http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python.announce/topics Python411 indexes podcasts ... to help people learn Python ... Updates appear more-than-weekly: http://www.awaretek.com/python/index.html The Python Package Index catalogues packages. http://www.python.org/pypi/ The somewhat older Vaults of Parnassus ambitiously collects references to all sorts of Python resources. http://www.vex.net/~x/parnassus/ Much of Python's real work takes place on Special-Interest Group mailing lists http://www.python.org/sigs/ Python Success Stories--from air-traffic control to on-line match-making--can inspire you or decision-makers to whom you're subject with a vision of what the language makes practical. http://www.pythonology.com/success The Python Software Foundation (PSF) has replaced the Python Consortium as an independent nexus of activity. It has official responsibility for Python's development and maintenance. http://www.python.org/psf/ Among the ways you can support PSF is with a donation. http://www.python.org/psf/donations/ The Summary of Python Tracker Issues is an automatically generated report summarizing new bugs, closed ones, and patch submissions. http://search.gmane.org/?author=status%40bugs.python.orggroup=gmane.comp.python.develsort=date Although unmaintained since 2002, the Cetus collection of Python hyperlinks retains a few gems. http://www.cetus-links.org/oo_python.html Python FAQTS http://python.faqts.com/ The Cookbook is a collaborative effort to capture useful and interesting recipes. http://code.activestate.com/recipes/langs/python/ Many Python conferences around the world are in preparation. Watch this space for links to them. Among several Python-oriented RSS/RDF feeds available, see: http://www.python.org/channews.rdf For more, see: http://www.syndic8.com/feedlist.php?ShowMatch=pythonShowStatus=all The old
Re: Guido's new method definition idea
On Dec 8, 12:01 pm, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: It would be nice to be able to do the following instead: class C: def createfunc(self): def self.func(arg): return arg + 1 The above example should have read as follows: class C: def createfunc(self, arg): def self.func(arg): return arg + 1 - Anthony Tolle -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calling C# COM (.NET) from python
On Dec 8, 2008, at 11:53 AM, Andrew Falanga [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I've never programmed in python and only have a small understanding of what is wrapped up in the terms COM and .NET. Is there a way of using python to get a hold of objects written in C# as COM objects using python? I'm looking for ways to avoid VBScript (which, after a couple of weeks, I've determined to be horrid). That is, is there a way of getting at COM objects in python that's similar to doing a CreateObject call in VBScript (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ library/ dcw63t7z.aspx)? Thanks, Andy -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list I would not deal with COM at all. I personally have not used it, but there is a version of python called IronPython that's written in C#, so it can use .NET and, I think, other C# objects. Other people will probably help you more, but you might want to look into that and maybe ask this on the python-win list. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Py2exe-users] py2exe 0.6.9 released
On Mon, 08 Dec 2008 14:47:13 +, Pascal wrote: On Mon, 17 Nov 2008 12:39:36 +, Pascal wrote: On Sun, 16 Nov 2008 21:23:59 -0500, Chris Spencer wrote: After I compile my program with py2exe 0.6.9 with Python 2.6, I'm still getting the Application Did Not Initialize Properly error dialog whenever I run my code. What am I doing wrong? I have exactly the same problem. I have tried just anything I could think of to no avail : Copied the 3 msvc_90.dll to the system32 subdir of Windows, to the directory of my application, reinstalled the whole Microsoft Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable Package, embedded the manifest data into the exe or kept it in a .manifest file... Could not make it work. Always got the Application Did Not Initialize Properly message. I'm with Windows XP SP3. I tried all this on 2 different systems and I got the same results. I think I narrowed down a little bit the problem. It's not the common one when the msvc_90.dll are not located, though the result is similar. The problem is when you try to generate at least 2 exe in one setup (with 2 scripts specified in the windows command of the setup). This works OK with py2exe 0.6.9 for Python 2.5, but fails with Python 2.6 (and 2.6.1). None of the generated exe can be started. When I compare the content of library.zip in both versions, this file doesn't contain any .pyc for the scripts you want to generate an exe for with Python 2.5, but always contains a .pyc for one of the scripts you want to generate an .exe for with Python 2.6. Don't know if it's a clue for finding a fix. I have tested many ways to figure this out but I can't find any solution for the moment so I'm sticking with Python 2.5. Got it ! If you want to generate an exe for a script of your own named abc.py, rename it because this will never work with that original name. The reason seems to be an abc.pyc file compiled by default by Python 2.6 and included in library.zip (abc stands in this case for Abstract Base Classes), and using this name for your own script makes nothing work ! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Calling C# COM (.NET) from python
On Dec 8, 10:53 am, Andrew Falanga [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi, I've never programmed in python and only have a small understanding of what is wrapped up in the terms COM and .NET. Is there a way of using python to get a hold of objects written in C# as COM objects using python? I'm looking for ways to avoid VBScript (which, after a couple of weeks, I've determined to be horrid). That is, is there a way of getting at COM objects in python that's similar to doing a CreateObject call in VBScript (http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ dcw63t7z.aspx)? Thanks, Andy You're probably looking for the PyWin32 package (AKA: Python for Windows extensions). It's an external package for Python created mainly by Mark Hammond. You can find it here: http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/ It's a loose wrapper to the win32 bindings. It has a win32com module in it. You can usually take some VB type code and tweak it slightly to work with Python. There's some docs here: http://docs.activestate.com/activepython/2.4/pywin32/win32_modules.html You may also be able to use ctypes. Regardless, the PyWin32 package has a great mailing list with helpful people that I highly recommend: http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-win32 Other than that, you have the option of using IronPython which can actually import .NET modules itself. I've messed with it a little, but I'm not fluent enough in .NET to be able to use a lot of its capabilities. Regardless, you should read up on it as it offers lots of interesting capabilities: http://www.codeplex.com/IronPython Mike -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Guido's new method definition idea
On Dec 8, 2008, at 11:59 AM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 6, 4:15 pm, Carl Banks [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Dec 6, 12:47 am, Patrick Mullen [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Could I do something like this: def a.add(b): return a+b Outside of a class? Of course then that makes you think you could do 5.add(6) or something crzy like that. (I mean, you can do (5).__add__(6) but that's something else entirely) I'd be inclined to think that this defines an instancemethod on an existing object a. In other word, I'd read the following two lines as more or less equivalent. def a.add(b): return a+b a.add = lambda b: a+b Just as the following are equivalent: def foo(): return bar foo = lambda: bar I had been -0 on this, but now I think I'm -1. This brings up another question, what would one use when referencing method names inside the class definition?: class C: def self.method(arg): self.value = arg def self.othermethod(arg): self.value = arg # do this? funcs = (self.method, self.othermethod) # or this? funcs = (method, othermethod) On another related note, I would be interested in seeing this syntax adopted for a different purpose... Normally, if I'm defining a nested function that needs to be stored as an object attribute, I have to use a dummy name, like the following: class C: def createfunc(self, arg): def _dummy(arg): return arg + 1 self.func = _dummy It would be nice to be able to do the following instead: class C: def createfunc(self): def self.func(arg): return arg + 1 Or, after the class definition is done, to extend it dynamically: def C.method(self, arg): self.value = arg ...which would be the equivalent of the following: def method(self, arg): self.value = arg C.method = method Since functions are first-class objects, it seems perfectly reasonable to me. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list I agree, this would be much nicer and would not require any special cases. I'm not convinced that this is needed, but at least this won't confuse newbies as much. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Mathematica 7 compares to other languages
On Dec 8, 5:10 am, Jon Harrop [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Xah Lee wrote:
For those interested in this Mathematica problem, i've now cleaned up
the essay with additional comments here:
• A Mathematica Optimization Problem
http://xahlee.org/UnixResource_dir/writ/Mathematica_optimization.html
In that article you say:
Further, if Intersect is made to take a flat sequence of argument as
in “Intersect[o_, d_, lambda_, n_, c_, r_, s_]”, then pattern matching can
be avoided by making it into a pure function “Function”. And when it is
a “Function”, then Intersect or part of it may be compiled with Compile.
When the code is compiled, the speed should be a order of magnitude
faster.
That is incorrect. Mathematica's Compile function cannot handle recursive
functions like Intersect.
i didn't claim it can. You can't expect to have a fast or good program
if you code Java style in a functional lang.
Similarly, if you want code to run fast in Mathematica, you don't just
slap in your OCaml code into Mathematica syntax and expect it to work
fast.
If you are a Mathematica expert, you could make it recurse yet have
the speed as other langs. First, by changing your function's form, to
avoid pattern matching, and rewrite your bad recursion. That is what i
claimed in the above paragraph. Read it again to see.
For example:
In[1]:= Compile[{n_, _Integer}, If[# == 0, 1, #0[[# n - 1]] #1] [n]]
During evaluation of In[1]:= Compile::fun: Compilation of
(If[#1==0,1,#0[[#1 n-1]] #1])[Compile`FunctionVariable$435] cannot
proceed. It is not possible to compile pure functions with arguments
that represent the function itself.
Mathematica's Compile function is intended to speed up numerical
computation. To want Compile to handle recursion in the context of
Mathematica's programing features, is not something possible even in
theoretical sense.
Scheme lisp implementations can compile recursive code, but lisp is a
lower level lang than Mathematica, where perhaps the majority of
Mathematica's builtin functions can equate to 10 or more lines of
lisp, and any of its hundreds math functions equates to entire
libraries of other langs. It is reasonable, but silly, to expect
Mathematica's Compile function to compile any code in Mathematica.
Perhaps in the future version of Mathematica, its Compile function can
handle basic recursive forms.
Also, in this discussion, thanks to Thomas M Hermann's $20 offered to
me for my challenge to you, that i have taken the time to show working
code that demonstrate many problems in your code. Unless you think my
code and replies to you are totally without merit or fairness, but
otherwise you should acknowledge it, in whole or in parts you agree,
in a honest and wholehearted way, instead of pushing on with petty
verbal fights.
Xah
∑ http://xahlee.org/
☄
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to Write to csv file to create bulk address book
k.i.n.g. wrote:
Hi ,
I am new to scripting, I am working on script which would create 'n'
number address book entries into a csv file which would be used to
import into a address book. I need suggestions for the same
The fileds for csv file are as follows
Title,First Name,Middle Name,Last
Name,Suffix,Company,Department,Job Title,Business
Street,Business Street 2,Business Street 3,Business
City,Business State,Business Postal Code,Business Country,Home
Street,Home Street 2,Home Street 3,Home City,Home State,Home
Postal Code,Home Country,Other Street,Other Street 2,Other
Street 3,Other City,Other State,Other Postal Code,Other
Country,Assistant's Phone,Business Fax,Business Phone,Business
Phone 2,Callback,Car Phone,Company Main Phone,Home Fax,Home
Phone,Home Phone 2,ISDN,Mobile Phone,Other Fax,Other
Phone,Pager,Primary Phone,Radio Phone,TTY/TDD
Phone,Telex,Account,Anniversary,Assistant's Name,Billing
Information,Birthday,Business Address PO
Box,Categories,Children,Directory Server,E-mail Address,E-
mail Type,E-mail Display Name,E-mail 2 Address,E-mail 2 Type,E-
mail 2 Display Name,E-mail 3 Address,E-mail 3 Type,E-mail 3
Display Name,Gender,Government ID Number,Hobby,Home Address PO
Box,Initials,Internet Free
Busy,Keywords,Language,Location,Manager's
Name,Mileage,Notes,Office Location,Organizational ID
Number,Other Address PO
Box,Priority,Private,Profession,Referred
By,Sensitivity,Spouse,User 1,User 2,User 3,User 4,Web
Page
All the entries written by csv file by script can be random dummy as
this address book is used for testing purpose.
Thank you in advance,
Kanthi
Hi Kanthi, the simple case is to make yourself a list of the fields. For
each field specify what type of data to generate and a lower and upper
bound for it's length/value.
fields = [ (Title, txt, 0, 4),
(First, txt, 0, 40),
(Tel, num, 8, 15)
etc...]
Then repeatedly loop though that list generating random values of the
appropriate type and appending them to another list to build records.
import random
new_record = []
for each_field in fields:
if each_field[1] == txt:
r = random.randint( each_field[2], each_field[3] )
new_record.append( r )
elif each_field[1] == num:
r = random.randint( each_field[2], each_field[3] )
s = .join( [random.choice(qwerty...etc.) for i in range( r )] )
new_record.append( s )
print new_record()
Then basically make a big list of these records and squirt them out to
file. You might need read up on the random, csv and copy modules and
you'll probably want to expand on the data types it can generate.
Also I use the following class to choose random words from a specified
word list...
class WordList:
def __init__(self, dictionary_filename):
self.dictionary_list = []
f = open(dictionary_filename,'r')
for each in f:
#print each
self.dictionary_list.append(each.rstrip())
f.close()
self.dictionary_length = len(self.dictionary_list)
def random(self,x):
outlist = []
for each in range(0,x):
outlist.append(self.dictionary_list[random.randrange(0,
self.dictionary_length-1)])
return ' '.join(outlist)
This would allow you to say:
firstnames = Wordlist('big_list_of_first_names.txt')
name = firstnames.random(1)
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: datetime and the rich-companison operators
On Sun, Dec 7, 2008 at 11:41 PM, Ethan Furman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Greetings All! I am implementing a NullDate class in order to mirror dates and datetimes that have no value (yes, this is for my dbf module :) I'm still a bit fuzzy about class methods, hashing, and __new__, but my question of the moment is this: it seems to me that with two dates or datetimes, they should either be equal, or one should precede the other, and this can be accomplished quite handily with __cmp__... so does anyone know why the rich comparisons were used in the datetime module? Was it simply a style choice, or is something being handled that __cmp__ couldn't cope with? Probably because __cmp__ was removed in Python 3.0, thus requiring the use of the rich comparison methods in its place. See the earlier thread entitled Python 3 __cmp__ semantic change?. Cheers, Chris -- Follow the path of the Iguana... http://rebertia.com Thanks in advance! ~ethan~ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Equivalent of 'wget' for python?
On Mon, Dec 8, 2008 at 11:53 AM, r0g [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: urllib.urlretrieve(url_of_zip_file, destination_on_local_filesystem). In python 3.0, that appears to be: import urllib.request urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, local_file_name) -- Jerry -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Equivalent of 'wget' for python?
Jean-Paul Calderone wrote: On Mon, 08 Dec 2008 17:29:35 +0100, Diez B. Roggisch [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Robert Dailey wrote: Hi, I'm looking for a portable way to download ZIP files on the internet through Python. I don't want to do os.system() to invoke 'wget', since this isn't portable on Windows. I'm hoping the core python library has a library for this. Note that I'll be using Python 3.0. Module urllib2 There isn't such a module in Python 3.0. If you knew that urllib2 has been removed/integrated/whatever into urllib, it would have helped to mention that, don't you think? To the OP: urllib.request.urlopen is your friend. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
