Re: Load simmulator for testing qmail
Amit Vadehra wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > We need something that will pump mails of different sizes and types so > that we can test the total email infrastructure. Postfix includes such a thing, IIRC. Stefan
Re: Load simmulator for testing qmail
http://www.postfix.org/ Stefan Amit Vadehra wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Where do i get that , can i download it from a site... > Is it a a Lunix version so that i can test it on qmail over Linux. > Thanks > Amit > > Stefan Paletta wrote: > > > Amit Vadehra wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > > > We need something that will pump mails of different sizes and types so > > > that we can test the total email infrastructure. > > > > Postfix includes such a thing, IIRC.
Re: Bare LF problem
Eric S . wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > > On Wed, 9 Jun 1999, A.Y. Sjarifuddin wrote: > > > tcpserver 'fixcr|qmail-smtpd' 2&>1 | cyclog... > > ... I think. Just replace "qmail-smtpd" with "'fixcr|qmail-smtpd'". > > That didn't work. Any other suggestions? Replace 'qmail-smtpd' with 'sh -c "fixcr|qmail-smtpd"'. Stefan
Re: Bug in rewriting of sender address?
David Harris wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > [test12@hobbes home]$ cat .qmail-bouncer > bouncesaying "bounced as a test" ^^ This is missing a pipe sign here. But even if it's there, the result is the same. > The "^From" line should read "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" or > "[EMAIL PROTECTED]", right? Yes. (That's what makes sense (to me), but the documentation is confusing me right now.) > IMO, the iron clad test of this sender rewriting is this: Did we get bounce > messages? The answer is no: Postmaster's got the double-bounce since [EMAIL PROTECTED] does not exist. > This make sense to anyone else there? Yup. I *think* this got wrong when Delivered-To lines were changed to reflect the virtualdomain the message was sent to and not `me' as the host. qmail-local uses local"-owner@"host as NEWSENDER, but it should use either ext"-owner@"host or local"-owner@"`me'. Dan? Anyone? Stefan
Re: Ownership of qmail control files.
Richard Aldridge wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Is it necessary for the qmail control files to be owned by root ? No. They need to readable by the qmail accounts (qmaild qmailr etc.) and should not be world writable. ;-) Stefan
Re: New qmail list et al
Alex Miller wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > On my list it will not be permissible to send an email that says those or > similar such things. Any subscriber who does so would be asked to leave by > me. No thanks. (no offense intended) Stefan btw, has anyone been to LinuxTag? Maex? Lars?
Re: use NT user database for POP3
Milivoj Ivkovic wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Is there way to use an NT domain controller's user database to authenticate > POP3 users? I was under the impression that there was a perl-based checkpassword at www.qmail.org, but I cannot find one at the moment. Anyway, you could just marry the Authen:SMB module with one. Stefan
Re: trashing unwanted mail
Matt D. Landry wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I'd like to send any incoming mail for that account to /dev/null if > possible. Can I edit a .qmail- file for the > account to point to /dev/null? I've been trying to access the FAQ for Identify the .qmail file for the address and echo '#' > .qmail Stefan
Re: Forwarding to variable username
Jim Gilliver wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I've written a small C program that will take a single string and match it > to the most likely user account in /etc/passwd. Obviously, this is to ease > best way to return the result is. At the moment I set an environment > variable, but I'm not sure that works, just as I'm not sure putting > &$FORWARD_ADDRESS in .qmail works. You write it to stdout, so you can do | forward `speling-checkar` in .qmail-default. Stefan
Re: wrapping qmail-inject - can I?
Varga Robert wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > For this I thought that I read MAILUSER, MAILNAME and MAILHOST from a > central file, in a wrapper of qmail-inject. > Will this work? Yes. Been there, done that. I invoked new-inject instead of qmail-inject, though. Stefan
Re: Using qmail with CGI feedback form - needing reference
Dan Poynor wrote/schrieb/scribsit:
> I nuked anything that smelled of sendmail. Trying to avoid it's ghost also.
> qmails Sendmail requirements seem redundant to me. That is I don't want to
> create sendmail symbolic links when it's not necessary.
/usr/{lib,sbin}/sendmail is _the_ API for mail injection on UNIX systems.
> Perhaps a future FAQ item could mention form mail sending injects to
> /var/qmail/bin/sendmail.
Now, why should they? With symlinks in /usr/lib and /usr/sbin, nothing
must be changed, which is a Good Thing. qmail's native API for mail
injection is the qmail-queue interface.
> Now I see someone is saying it should be /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject. Are
> these the same thing?
No, /var/qmail/bin/sendmail implements the sendmail API. It knows how
to execute qmail-inject or qmail-smtpd [1] with appropriate parameters
depending on its invocation.
Stefan
[1] exec'ing qmail-smtpd to emulate sendmail's 'SMTP-on-stdin' mode
is pretty damn elegant, BTW
Re: Qmail exited
Sam wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Who said anything about Qmail stopping? The logs show the mail being > deferred, that's all. It was a bit unclear, but the last to lines of log in the original mail were: > > > > 932235888.816265 alert: oh no! lost spawn connection! dying... > > > > 932235888.821153 status: exiting But I just don't have a clue about this one and my archive is not helpful, either. If this is repeatable, one could try (s)trace-ing qmail-[rl]spawn and maybe qmail-send. Stefan
Re: Bug in qmail-pop3d.c
Aaron Nabil wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Examples: > C: RETR 1 > S: +OK 120 octets > S: > S: . > > Qmail does... > > Examples: > C: RETR 1 > S: +OK 120 octets > S: > S: \r\n > S: . From_ CHANGES: 19960818 change: qmail-pop3d now appends an extra blank line to every message, for compatibility with popper. some clients can't deal with the right thing, unfortunately. tnx FPL. Stefan
Re: Absolutely no bouncing...
Jaye Mathisen wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I want to deliver to a program, but regardless of whether or not the > program exists, is executable, or accessible, or crashes, or whatever, I > don't want any kind of bounce message returning. It should be sufficient to do an "exit 0" after your program: |/some/flaky/program ; exit 0 Stefan
RE: aliases.db
Mate Wierdl wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > And this gives the long awaited solution to all the problems regarding > qmail on RH: put all the qmail binaries in a subdirectory under /var, > and mark them %ghost in the spec file. Yes, but it seems that not being able to verify the binaries is not an option for some people... Apart from that, to install a %ghost file will be hard, since %ghosts -by nature- will not be packaged by rpm. My solution would be to tell rpm not to check MD5 and mtime for qmail binaries. You still can't compare them to the originals then, but at least rpm -V won't scream after the uids are patched in. Stefan
RE: DUL and rblsmtpd
Adam D. McKenna wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Does anyone know if Dan is planning on adding DUL support to rblsmtpd? There's no need to do that. Just pass "-rdul.maps.vix.com" as an argument to another instance of rblsmtpd. Stefan
Re: Filters with qmail
Martin Staael wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Sam, > > At 13:17 03-02-99 +, you wrote: > I know how to turn off my open-realy. But I need a open-realy - or our > customers is not able to send mail through us. I think we'd be glad to hear why someone needs an open mail relay and to propose another solution for you or improve qmail. >>> "Macro" filter : >>man dot-qmail >>man qmail-command > > I have to disappoint you, but this was not what I were looking for - > sorry. > Please read again my letter, to understand what I mean. I wonder why Sam in particular did not point you at his maildrop. Look for maildrop at Sam's page anyway: http://i.am/mrsam. You can also use procmail. Stefan
RE: Message rewriting with new-inject and ofmipd
Pete Kazmier wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Why not integrate rewriting of messages in one common location instead > of the entry points to the qmail system (ofmipd and new-inject)? > Perhaps in qmail-queue? Both new-inject and ofmipd (qmail-inject partially) manipulate the RFC822 message header, while qmail-queue (and qmail-smtpd of course) don't care to look at it. Doing RFC822 parsing/rewriting in qmail-queue breaks modularity, i.e. you cannot let messages flow completely apart from any rewriting or parsing. qmail tries to parse as little as possible, what is an advantage in general. > Does anyone see any benefits to setting an environment variable via > tcpserver such as NOREWRITE. If NOREWRITE is set, then rewriting > should not occur. A site administrator would only have to determine > which ip addresses are non-local. Your wish is granted: #!/bin/sh if [ -n "$OFMIPCLIENT" ] ; then exec /usr/local/sbin/ofmipd else exec /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd fi Stefan
RE: QMTP + VERP
Bruno Wolff III wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Maybe QMTP should be extended in a way that allows for VERP without > having to restransmit the message body more than once. Perhaps more than > one sender address could be sent. See QMAIL EXTENSIONS in addresses.5. Stefan
Re: QMTP + VERP
Bruno Wolff III wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Stefan Paletta <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> See QMAIL EXTENSIONS in addresses.5. > The stuff there doesn't seem to apply at the point the qmtp connection > is being processed. This problem is on the sending end, since qmail itself cannot do multiple rcpt deliveries; anyone is free to write a QMTP client that leaves VERP expansion to the server. > Another way to extend QMTP would be to have sender > addresses that end with -@[] expanded with VERP information. True - this would be useful if qmail at one point did multiple rcpt deliveries and it would be necessary if other MTAs supported QMTP then. > It looks like qmail would have to be changed to delay the expansion of > VERPs from qmail-send until qmail-remote, since the protocol by which > the message will be transmitted won't be known until then. Again, this has been beaten to death in the multiple rcpt discussions^Wflame-wars. Any takers for an ESMTP server-sided VERP expansion extension draft? ;-) Stefan
Re: TCP Rule
Moh. Deny Kurniawan wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I think imposibble to list thousand host to control/rcpthost because I > want to allow smtp.x.x.x machine to receive e-mail from everywhere. In control/rcpthosts you list hosts you take mail _for_, not from. A "deny" in tcprules means "I won't let him talk to me at all". For a mail server of course, this is not an acceptable default if you want to receive mail from everywhere. By default, qmail will do only that, take mail from anywhere addressed to itself (listed in rcpthosts) but not to elsewhere. If, in your case, you want to allow a specific set of hosts to inject mail on the server, you have to overwrite qmail's default by supplying the RELAYCLIENT enviroment variable to qmail-smtpd. tcpserver will do that for you dependant on the client's address. This is what Chris wrote. Stefan
RE: Connection problems.
Reid Sutherland wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Everytime I connect to port 25 on my qmail server it closes. All my > processes are running. Everything looks fine in my inetd.conf file. I'm > not sure what the problem is. Any ideas? What does the "smtp" line in inetd.conf actually look like? Is there anything in the logs? Stefan
RE: Hylafax with qmail
Chris Bond wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Has anyone managed to get qmail working with hylafax, i've previously > done this with sendmail. I created a virtualdomain (fax.WRonline.de) pointing to alias-fax. In ~alias/.qmail-fax-default I have (on one line): | /usr/local/bin/faxmail -n | /usr/local/bin/sendfax -n -D -s a4 -f "$SENDER" -d "$EXT2" Stefan
Re: Hylafax with qmail
Chris Bond wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I've setup the MX records for *.fax.domain.co.uk, but how do u setup > *.fax.domain.co.uk in locals and rcpthosts as the message bounces when > you send it. Add "fax.domain.co.uk" to rcpthosts. Add "fax.domain.co.uk:alias-fax" to virtualdomains. Make sure you don't have "fax.domain.co.uk" in locals. Set up ~alias/.qmail-fax-default as described. Users can then send their faxes to [EMAIL PROTECTED] Stefan
Re: Connection problems.
Reid Sutherland wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Here is the inetd.conf line. The line was split at qmaild. > > ---begin--- > smtpstream tcp nowait qmaild > /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd > ---end--- Problem: inetd executes /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env with /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd as ARGV[0] and no ARGV[1]. tcp-env expects the name of the program to run as ARGV[1]. Solution: insert an additional "tcp-env" after /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env so that the line reads: ... qmaild /var/qmail/bin/tcp-env tcp-env /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd This is exactly what is in the INSTALL file btw. Stefan
RE: how to log POP3 transactions
Marlon Anthony Abao wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > hello, > > could somebody point out to me how to make qmail-pop3d log to > syslog or cyclog? > > this is the entry in my rc.pop3 : > > /usr/local/bin/tcpserver -c 100 0 pop3 /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup \ > mail.philonline.com \ >/bin/checkpassword /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir & tcpserver logs information about connections to stderr, so you can just change this to (shortened): tcpserver 0 pop3 qmail-popup mail.philonline.com checkpassword qmail-pop3d Maildir 2>&1 | splogger pop3d & To log logins with username and remote host, Use a small wrapper to be called instead of qmail-pop3d: % cat /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d-log #!/bin/sh logger -p local2.info -t pop3d "$USER logged in from $TCPREMOTEIP" exec /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d $1 % Thanks to tcp-env, all the info is there... Stefan
RE: lock files don't erase
D. Carlos Knowlton wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Qmail has a qmail-pop3d file, but the documentation doesn't tell me any > way of configuring it with out using Maildir (which looks like a real > hassle). Converting to Maildir basically is a simple thing: o set up qmail-popup/checkpassword/qmail-pop3d as usual o stop qmail o run convert-and-create (http://www.qmail.org) o change the default delivery instruction in you qmail rc file to "./Maildir/" and change any .qmail files accordingly if they exist o start qmail > Is there an way to set up the qmail-pop3d with my /var/spool/mail/$USER > configuration? Short answer: no. Long answer: before qmail-pop3d, run mbox2maildir (http://www.qmail.org) to stuff the mbox into a Maildir for qmail-pop3d to work on. > Also, does anyone know if this will solve my lock file problem? Sort of. qmail doesn't use them. Stefan
Re: To: line
Rik Ling wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Perhaps you could explain exactly *how* the To: line is broken and how > it might be fixed. > What should it look like? And how does it reflect on section 3.4.6 of > RFC822? This is not an RFC822 issue; it is rather a matter of RFC821 compliance. [1] For mail received via SMTP, qmail never sees or parses the RFC822 headers. What qmail sees and complains about is the SMTP envelope recipient (forward-path). Square bracets are only allowed in the "[" "]" context (cf. RFC821 sect. 4.1.2). qmail is not supposed to strip them off. I guess that the remote mail software fails converting its own address format (as seen in the 822 "To" header field) into an RFC821 recipient address. Stefan [1] I don't know if the format is 822 compliant, I guess it isn't, thought
RE: SMTP Authentication
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I need to come up with a method to allow > relaying from unknown IP adresses while preventing spam. Good! :-) > Does anyone know of qmail patches AND clients to implement > draft-myers-smtp-auth-12.txt ? > If not, has anyone tried implementing the AUTH=LOGIN scheme available in > latest Netscape Communicator? The only authtication method I know to be working with qmail and probably any MUA out there is smtp-after-pop. There is a very much complete package at www.qmail.org from Russell Nelson. GMX btw. does this. Stefan
RE: .qmail-xxx don't work
Dimitri SZAJMAN wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I am using qmail 1.03 and I have a problem : when I add a domain in > /var/qmail/controls/locals, /var/qmail/controls/rcpthosts and > /var/qmail/virtualdomains (site.com:site) virtualdomains and locals are mutally exclusive. In your case, don't put the domain into locals. Stefan
Re: Can you limit size of outgoing messages?
Dr. Andreas Wehler wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > So, can sned and receive be handled separately? Have tcpserver or tcpd set the DATABYTES environment variable for local clients instead of carrying it in /var/qmail/control/databytes. > Furthermore, the bounced message will go back the whole length to > the sender, couldn't it be cut to the error message and perhaps > the first few lines? mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] [1] Stefan [1] gotta love ezmlm...
RE: RELAYCLIENT and inetd
Eric Dahnke wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > First, there is no way set RELAYCLIENT (via inetd, tcpserver, or some > patch) based on domain name rather than IP, correct? There is a patch to tcpserver to make it act on the remote hostname. But you can of course wrap it in sth. like: #!/bin/sh case "$TCPREMOTEHOST" in *.domain.com) export RELAYCLIENT="" ;; esac exec /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd #end > Second, with inetd it is not possible to set RELAYCLIENT with a wildcard > * (24.232.12.*), but with tcpserver yes, correct? According to hosts_access.5 it is possible to use both: "tcp-env: 10.0.0.: sentenv=RELAYCLIENT" and "tcp-env: 10.0.0.0/255.255.255.0: setenv=RELAYCLIENT". Stefan
Re: Qmail for NT
Mark Delany wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > On a more serious note, I believe that this has been discussed before Yes. This was when I went to try it. > Currently qmail has significant dependencies on Unix - especially file > system semantics and the security model (UID/GID+filesystem). To port to > NT requires a significant rewrite and possibly a redesign. I used cygwin32, which emulates a Unix environment quite well. Surprisingly, the file I had to tweak most, was the Makefile (but since cygwin32 includes sed...). The rest compiled quite well without any changes to the C code, IIRC. This was all I could test. Disclaimer: the NT server is gone now (wasn't even mine). No NT at this shop. I agree completely with Russell in msg. #27580. Stefan
RE: new-user template directory
Andrew Richards wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I'm installing Qmail. The document INSTALL.maildir has this sentence, > "The system administrator can setup Maildir as the default for everybody > by creating a maildir in the new-user template directory and replacing > ./Mailbox with ./Maildir/ in /var/qmail/rc" > My question: where is this 'new-user template directory'? What OS are you on? How do you normally create new users? If you use a program, read its manpage and search for "skeleton". Do you have a /etc/skel dir? Stefan
Re: Can you limit size of outgoing messages?
Andrzej Szydlo wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > How could I assign a value to the DATABYTES variable using tcpd? tcp-env: 10.0.0: setenv=DATABYTES 100 > How could I set both RELAYCLIENT and DATABYTES? Dunno. Stefan
Re: Can you limit size of outgoing messages?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > On Tue, 16 Feb 1999, Stefan Paletta wrote: > >> >> Andrzej Szydlo wrote/schrieb/scribsit: >> >> > How could I assign a value to the DATABYTES variable using tcpd? >> >> tcp-env: 10.0.0: setenv=DATABYTES 100 >> >> > How could I set both RELAYCLIENT and DATABYTES? > > man tcprules Andrzej asked about how to do it with tcpd. Stefan
Re: Qmail for NT
Harald Hanche-Olsen wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Does NT have something equivalent to inode numbers? I don't know for sure (FATfs at least hasn't). The question is rather, does cygwin have inode numbers? I just tried (on 95) and "ls -i" reports something reasonable. Stefan
RE: Why does qmail-smtpd cause dial-on-demand?
Chris Green wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > However mail from other users which gets sent to qmail's > SMTP server always brings the connection up which is a bit of a pain. Try adding -H to tcpserver's options. Look in tcpserver's manpage for options that cause lookups and see which you can turn off. Stefan
RE: Moving post office to qmail
A.Y. Sjarifuddin wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Post office using MD5 encryption with a seed (64 char). > Any idea how to change this MD5 encryption to qmail? The only part in "qmail" that cares about passwords is the checkpassword program used by the pop3 daemon. Just modify Dan's checkpassword or any of those you find on http://www.qmail.org/ (e.g. in perl). Stefan
RE: POP3 and SMTP Questions
MountaiNet Tech Support wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Is it possible for Qmail to spawn a users Maildir upon the first time > they receive a message, or does it have to be created when the account > is activated? With the following delivery instruction before the maildir delivery, the maildir will be created if necessary (maildirmake lives in /var/qmail/bin): |test -d ./Maildir || maildirmake ./Maildir > qmail-start ./Maildir splogger qmail This is missing an final / at the end of Maildir to indicate that it's a maildir and not a mailbox file. So change it to qmail-start ./Maildir/ splogger qmail If you want to combine this with question one, use the following: qmail-start '|test -d ./Maildir || maildirmake ./Maildir ./Maildir/' splooger qmail (on two lines that is). > Is it possible (and feasible) to deny direct telnet access to port 25? > We are having some problems with people doing this to send anonymous > e-mail and wondered if I could stop that. Would it cause users any > problems or would they have to change any options? Umm, their mail user agents most probably "telnet" to port 25 to send mail, too. Stefan
RE: Virtual Domains Setup
Robert Wojciechowski Jr. wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > - control/defaultdomain > 127.0.0.1 > > - control/locals > localhost > 127.0.0.1 > > - control/me > 127.0.0.1 > Anyways, I am even on the right path to getting this set up correctly? > I want a dummy server, that is not really a host in and of itself. The box _must_ have a hostname after all. Stick it into me, delete any other config files apart from virtualdomains and rcpthosts and you're set. Stefan
Re: qmail employment in SF, CA
Adam D. McKenna wrote/schrieb/scribsit: >:> This is cool to see. Qmail creating jobs. I just hope it never gets to >:> the point of something like "Qmail certification". >: >:Hey, I'll certify you, but only after you certify me. We should however consider awarding medals to list members for answering the 500th FAQ 5.4 or surviving events like the great flamewars in December. Stefan
RE: Bug? Alias problem.
Robert Wojciechowski Jr. wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > .qmail-domain-root// for domain.com > .qmail-anotherdom-root// for anotherdom.com > > Ok, mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] works as expected. But mail to > [EMAIL PROTECTED] bounces! You do have a line domain.com:alias-domain in virtualdomains? What does the bounce message say why the address failed? Stefan
RE: flushing queue
Samuel Dries-Daffner wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I have lots of mail that seems stuck in my queue...how can I flush? First off all, you should see _why_ it's stuck. Network problems maybe? Another thing might be to check the permissions on lock/trigger. prw--w--w- qmail:qmail is right. To tell qmail to hurry up, run qmail-tcpok and send qmail-send an ALRM signal. Stefan
Re: Frivolous forking
Matthew Soffen wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > At 01:16 PM 12/29/98 +0100, Rask Ingemann Lambertsen wrote: >>On 23-Dec-98 23:14:10, Adam D. McKenna wrote something about > "Re: Frivolous forking". I just couldn't help replying to it, thus: >> No, that is exactly why they can _not_ include qmail. They are not >> allowed >>to distribute modified versions, which means that as security holes are >>found, they can't fix them and distribute their fixed versions. > > Name 1 security hole found in qmail that they would have had to fix. Name one vendor that would fix s.th. they didn't f**k up before. Stefan
Re: smtproutes
Mate Wierdl wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Also, is the syntax > >:[1.2.3.4] > > valid, if 1.2.3.4 is the IP of box2.home? Yes. No need for DNS here. Stefan
Re: need help ASAP, error to deliver virtual addresses
Iwao Makino wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I checked disks, none seems to have problems. also, I am not using > /var/qmail > I am using ~/Maildir, just virtuals are not working anymore... Nontheless are you using /var/qmail for qmail's queue to which the error refers. Stefan
RE: question...
Donna Phillips wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > if email is sent to [EMAIL PROTECTED] (which is an actual mail box) > I need the .qmail file set up to deliver to THAT mailbox as well as > sending a copy of the message to [EMAIL PROTECTED] In .qmail-admin: &[EMAIL PROTECTED] ./Maildir/ Stefan
RE: mini-bounce
Samuel Dries-Daffner wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > We recently sent mail to another school and received what I call a > "mini-bounce" that follows. http://www.erols.com/bwightman/qmail/ Stefan
RE: splogger replacement?
John Conover wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Is there a replacement for splogger that will log qmail's activity into > its own log so that I won't have to use syslog? > I also use tcpserver instead of inetd, and would like to log activity > on those ports, too. Use cyclog from djb's daemontools: http://pobox.com/~djb/daemontools.html Stefan
Re: poor documentation example
Scott D. Yelich wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > ./Configure is nice... but it's not the only way. Dan's way works -- > once you've dug through the source. Gee, one line in the install/readme > would prevent this. stefanp@horatio[qmail-1.03]$ head -1 Makefile # Don't edit Makefile! Use conf-* for configuration. Stefan
Re: Switching host - safely
Peter van Dijk wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Then remove everything from locals and > virtualdomains on the old machine. Put ":[1.2.3.4]" in smtproutes where > 1.2.3.4 is the IP of your new machine. Restart qmail. Do qmail-tcpok > and killall -ALRM qmail-send. Make sure that the old machine may relay though the new machine. Otherwise, all mail will eventually (double) bounce and you can't run fast enough to stop it. Stefan, not speaking from experience
Re: dot-qmail security
Richard Letts wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > sorry for the late reply, but the simplet answer is to modify PATH > before > qmail starts so a different 'sh' is before /bin/sh in the PATH and then > add the checking to the replacement 'sh'. qmail-local invokes "/bin/sh", not "sh", so this won't work without a modification to the source, too. Stefan
RE: qmail version 2?
David Villeger wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > - when will qmail 2 be released? When it's finished. > - any other info about it? I guess it's going to be pretty cool! :-) > - how do people who know that the queue will have a different structure > know about it? On his pages, Dan states that qmail 2 will have a zeroseek queue, IIRC. There was some discussion about that here not so long ago and there's [EMAIL PROTECTED] (with no traffic currently). Stefan
RE: Rewriting headers
Dirk Alboth wrote/schrieb/scribsit:
> Now the "true" sender name will be ${TCPREMOTEINFO}@${TCPREMOTEHOST}
> environment variable which is available to qmail-smtpd and also
> (thanks to "execv") to qmail-queue. This requires an identd to run on
> the NT box, of course.
Here's what I do in similar cases, though it may not be applicable to your
case: If you have a Samba server, you can get ident info from the smbstatus
command. Basically grab the logged-in username from the line with
$TCPREMOTEIP in it and put it into TCPREMOTEINFO. Thanks to
tcp{server,client} this is even possible if the Samba and qmail server are
different machines. This can be a 10 line /bin/sh wrapper to qmail-smtpd.
> However, I'd like to bounce the mail if the identd-server is not
> running on the other side (and hence $TCPREMOTEINFO will be empty).
> This however seems hard to do with a wrapper.
Not at all. If a shell script offends thee, take a look at the rblsmtpd
code.
Stefan
RE: mail delayed, why ?
Siegfried Kerkow wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > all permissions. All may run very well - but now incoming mails have > a delay up to an hour befor they are delivered to there mailbox. Check /var/qmail/queue/lock/trigger. It should be prw--w--w- 1 qmails qmail 0 Mar 25 23:03 trigger Stefan
RE: Question, and contributions.
Mike Meyer wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Can I configure the error message sent in reply to bad email? Two ways: o edit the qmail source o make an apropriate .qmail-default with "|bouncesaying "Try ...(#5.1.1)" in it Stefan
RE: simple question. I want to bounce mail coming from a specif
Jeremy Hansen wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I want to bounce mail coming from a specific email. See "man qmail-smtpd" for badmailfrom, or tune your .qmail to say: | if [ "$SENDER" = "badguy" ] ; then bouncesaying 'Go away!' ; else exit 0 ; fi Stefan
RE: simple question. I want to bounce mail coming from a specif
Jeremy Hansen wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > but what if I want to dup the behavior of a real bounce. Make it look > as if my address is unreachable and no longer exists. qmail-local does: "strerr_die1x(100,"Sorry, no mailbox here by that name. (#5.1.1)");", which equals | bouncesaying "Sorry, no mailbox here by that name. (#5.1.1)" No difference. :-) Stefan
RE: qmail-inject
Kevin Waterson wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > cat file | echo to: user | /var/qmail/bin/qmail-inject ( echo "to: user" ; echo ; cat file ) | qmail-inject Stefan
RE: Need qmail to reload smtproutes
Stuart Ballard wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I am attempting to configure qmail to handle mail queueing for multiple > domains, each of which will dial up with _dynamically assigned_ IP > addresses. The servers themselves use exchange, so I can't rely on any > features from them ;) (but they can send an ETRN if it helps). You'd better try the ETRN patch then, IMHO, > Unfortunately, > it appears qmail doesn't ever reload this file, and I'd need it to be > reloaded on a regular basis, whenever a host connects or disconnects. smtproutes is read by every qmail-remote when starting up. So there's no need to reload it (you cannot even do that). > Is there a way to force qmail to reload this file? I'm also unsure how > to tell qmail to "always hold mail for this domain in the queue" Give it an smtproute that will always fail with a refused connection. Stefan
RE: Qmail (#numbers) : What is it?
Scott D. Yelich wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > When I get an error and get something like (#4.2.1) or > (#5.7.1) ... what do those #s mean? See http://pobox.com/~djb/proto/hcmssc.txt and the RFC metioned therein. Stefan
Re: Melissa Virus
Paul Farber wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Again, this is a security issue, not a single/multi user issue. It > should be difficult to delete or modify a .dll/exe program file. > > You SHOULD have to type into a special "admin" account to install/remove > a program. So ordinary users would no longer be able to install MS Office... Stefan
Re: Melissa Virus
Bruno Wolff III wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > On Tue, Mar 30, 1999 at 07:17:56PM +0200, > Stefan Paletta <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> So ordinary users would no longer be able to install MS Office... > I would prefer it if I had different accounts with different levels of > access on my home MS machine. I don't like installs being able to write > stuff anywhere making complete uninstalls impossible in some cases. The point is that an MS Office install _requires_ being able to write stuff anywhere. (Same with StarOffice on Linux btw, comes with its own libc.) Furthermore, users IME o don't want to o are too stupid o start working with admin-privs anyway Stefan
RE: Strange To: line causes bounce.
David B. Peterson wrote/schrieb/scribsit: >>From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >>[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] ^ ^ >>: ^ ^ Notice something? Outlook screwed it. Stefan
RE: Q: Is it possible to bind 2 diffrent qmail instances on 2 di
Uwe Wuerdinger wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I wondered if it is possible to bind on a machine with 2 > Networkinterfaces to diffrent > qmails with 2 different configurations. Compile two qmail instances into /var/qmail1 and /var/qmail2 resp. by editing conf-home. Then start two tcpservers for qmail-smtpd, each bound to one interface and have one invoke /var/qmail1/bin/qmail-smtpd and the other one /var/qmail2/bin/qmail-smtpd. Stefan
RE: badmailrcptto
Georgi Kupenov wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > For QMAIL 1.03, I tried to do restrictions > with BADRCPTTO file in > /var/qmail/control, but it didn't work. Stock qmail-1.03 doesn't know about this control file. It only knows about badmailfrom. If you really want badrcptto, see mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] e.g. Stefan
Re: telnet to smtp port doesn't work HELP!!
Dustin Marquess wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > As far as I know, tcp-env gets the name of the program to run > from argv[0] (like tcpd does), so the way he had it was correct. Nope. SYNOPSIS tcp-env [ -rR ] [ -ttimeout ] program [ arg ... ] Stefan
RE: qmail on *NIX farm
Subba Rao wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > 1. Do I replace sendmail on each system with a Qmail? > 2. If yes, do I have to have DNS on all the system (which does not make > sense)? > > What is the recommended design for such setups? http://pobox.com/~qmail/qmail/mini.html Stefan
Re: Why does ~alias/.qmail-sim.hamp do nothing?
Simon wrote/schrieb/scribsit: see Subject Because ~alias/.qmail-sim:hamp does. FAQ 4.6 Stefan
Re: modify outgoing headers
914 wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > headers if you look at the header of this note you should see that > i'm on chaos.resnet.uconn.edu [137.99.166.70] > > how can i force qmail to NOT send that RECIEVED FROM line? Modify qmail-smtpd to not write that header or see FAQ 5.5. Stefan
Re: cyclog vs. syslog (was: Queue limit question)
Dave Sill wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Disadvantages: only logs messages sent to stdout, only logs messages > from local system You can use ucspi-tcp to reliably send log messages from one program's stdout to a cyclog on another host. Stefan
Re: cyclog vs. syslog (was: Queue limit question)
Keith Burdis wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > On Mon 1999-04-12 (15:34), Stefan Paletta wrote: > > You can use ucspi-tcp to reliably send log messages from one program's > > stdout to a cyclog on another host. > > Please could you show an example of how you'd do this. mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Stefan
Re: Non-ASCII-characters in Header
Juergen Schubert wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Hi. This is the qmail-send program at janus.pks-software.de. > I'm afraid I wasn't able to deliver your message to the following addresses. > This is a permanent error; I've given up. Sorry it didn't work out. > > <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>: > kaufmann: Message contains non-ASCII characters in headers This is not an error message from qmail. Is there anything in the .qmail file that controls this address? Stefan
Re: [Q] qmail speed "again"
Keith Burdis wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Remember that we're talking about sending one message to a large number of > addresses on the same remote host. In general qmail is faster, but I think in > this case any MTA that does multiple rcpt to's will be quicker. AFAIK, sendmail has a limit of "RCPT TO"s it will send in one connection. So in this situation a message will be split into several multi-rcpt connections. Will these connections ocurr one at a time or simultaneously? The former would impose a great speed penalty compared to qmail. Anyway, the One True Answer on this topic is: "profile, don't speculate". Stefan
RE: MAILHOST and envelope sender
Mate Wierdl wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > $ export MAILHOST=oki.doki > $ export QMAILINJECT=f Have you tried setting it to "s"? Emacs might be supplying a return-path. Stefan
Re: old popdeamons don't do ~user/Mailbox
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Hm, what I meant was an `etc' directory in the users home directory, like > `/home/peter/etc', still allowing user to change these files theirselfes > (themselfes?). See the -/ option to qmail-pw2u. Stefan
Re: qmail-qmtpd
Peter van Dijk wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > On Tue, Apr 27, 1999 at 10:36:18AM -0400, Chris Johnson wrote: > > Right, but the question was about qmail-qmtpd, not qmail-qmqpd. I haven't yet > > seen anything that implements sending mail by qmtp other than serialqmtp. > > That's because there isn't. Well, there is my patch^whack to qmail-remote. ftp://ftp.WRonline.de/pub/stefan/qmail-remote-QMTP.diff Stefan
Re: Message headers expose local net
Chris Johnson wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > 192.168.1.:allow,TCPREMOTEIP="unknown",TCPREMOTEHOST="unknown",RELAYCLIENT="" Clever! ;-) Invoke tcpserver with -lunknown and the received header will not show the server's internal hostname, too. To really clean up, see FAQ 5.5 and filter the message through formail (from procmail) or reformail (http://i.am/mrsam) before qmail-inject. Both will let you delete certain headers or let ony certain headers go through, AFAIK. Stefan
Re: Aliases..
Dave Sill wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Andy Walden <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > >I'm trying to do [EMAIL PROTECTED] > user. This was pretty painless in > >sendmail. > > Couldn't be much easier in qmail: > > echo vhost.com:user >>/var/qmail/control/virtualdomains > echo vhost.com >>/var/qmail/control/rcpthosts In addition to that, make sure vhost.com is not in locals. To catch [EMAIL PROTECTED], edit ~user/.qmail-default to reflect how you want [EMAIL PROTECTED] to be delivered (assuming "anything" is not meant literally :-). Stefan
Re: Strange problem with header of outoing mails
Kaspar Landsberg wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > This looks pretty messed up. First, there is "From [EMAIL PROTECTED]" and > "Return-path: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]". At least the return path should be > "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" because that´s my mail address. "[EMAIL PROTECTED]" does > not exist! (Btw, "Ukl" is my UUCP login on my uucp uplink. I wonder how > it got there.) > PS: I set up UUCP according to point 2.3. in the qmail FAQ and since the > mail arrives correctly in the outgoing queue, i assume that this part > has been done correctly. Try leaving out the -f option to preline. Your uucp uplink needs a From line, I suppose. Stefan
Re: bcc fields
Thomas Neumann wrote/schrieb/scribsit:
> Chris Johnson <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> >
> > qmail-inject never saw the message. qmail-smtpd doesn't look at the
> > headers, and execs qmail-queue to queue the message as is. It's the
> > responsibility of the software on the remote end to strip the Bcc
> > field and turn it into SMTP "RCPT TO" commands.
>
> Uh... you say that a SMTP MTA should analyze message headers and turn
> the retrieved information into envelope recipient data? I don't buy
No. ("software on the remote end" meaning "SMTP client")
Stefan
Re: Hardware&software solutions for large scale IMAP servers
Mark Powell wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Maybe some sort of external RAID box which is directly accessible to all > three POP/IMAP servers is a solution. This smacks of an external NFS box, > though? I've seen a journaled FS demoed that supported multiple hosts read/ writing the same filesystem concurrently on a shared RAID box. The demo run on Linux, but IIRC the FS was beeing ported from BSD. The FS code was free. Now only if I had an IRL for you... You could also look into GFS or Coda (if not NFS) if you'd rather have a storage backend over network. [What IMAP server to use?] Sam Varshavchik announced his Maildir-only IMAP server only yesterday. It also has a very flexible authentication mechanism. Look at Courier-IMAP: http://www.inter7.com/courierimap/ Stefan
Re: Problem receiving mail (long)
David Clark wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > [david@a3a88198 david]$ telnet 127.0.0.1 25 > Trying 127.0.0.1... > Connected to 127.0.0.1. > Escape character is '^]'. > 220 a3a88198.bconnected.net ESMTP > helo dude > 250 a3a88198.bconnected.net > mail [EMAIL PROTECTED] > 250 ok > rcpt [EMAIL PROTECTED] > 250 ok > data > 354 go ahead > Subject: blah > > blah > . > 250 ok 941519761 qp 4767 You're not speaking valid SMTP. Try this: helo dude mail from:<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> rcpt to:<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> data Subject: blah blah . quit Stefan
Re: Mail relaying with QMail
Antonio Navarro Navarro wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Relay test 9 > >>> RSET > <<< 250 flushed > >>> MAIL FROM:<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> > <<< 250 ok > >>> RCPT TO:<"relaytest%abuse.net"> > <<< 250 ok > Relay test result > Uh oh, host appeared to accept a message for relay. The percent sign does not have any special meaning to qmail in this case. The address given is an address without a host- part, like e.g. a plain "root" is. In most cases qmail will later determine that a user with the name "relaytest%abuse.net" does not exist locally and bounce the message. It is doing nothing wrong. Abuse.net is concluding too rash. Stefan
Re: supervise/svscan/and qmail logging
Robert Wojciechowski Jr. wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > My question is, do I have to start the two supervise processes (one for SVC, > and one for SVC/log) with svscan, or can I do it manually? I want to be > able to restart the services, take down supervise for that service, etc > without having to wait 1 minute for svscan to bring it back up. svscan takes care of starting the two supervise processes and I don't know how you would do this manually. Also, you don't normally restart services by restarting its supervise and you don't have to take down supervise to take down the service; instead, you use svc -t to restart a service (supervise kills it and restarts it instantly) or svc -dt to bring down the service. If e.g. you change the options to multilog, you restart multilog with "svc -t theservice/log" without affecting the service itself or losing log information. The 1 minute delay only occurs when svscan has to restart a supervise, which should _never_ happen. > How can I do this without breaking the pipe between the service and the > logger? svscan takes care of maintaining the pipe. You just svc at will. Stefan
Re: qmail remote delivery logic
Sam wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > different domains will result in only 5,000 DNS queries. Meanwhile, each > instance of qmail-remote should diligently issue a DNS query - for a > grand sum of 10,000 queries overall. When we're talking about lists of that size, you will for sure have the resources to handle 5000, 1 or 10 DNS queries compared to the resources you need for actually sending the messages. My experiences show, that for lists of up to 1 recipients, qmail will already have finished lots of deliveries when the first lookups on bad/unreachable addresses get a timeout. With serialized lookups everything will just sit idle for ages. I all boils down, as you said in another mail, to that qmail opimizes for delivery time and optimizes bandwidth usage at the upper end. Stefan
Re: delivery to a directory
Phil Howard wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > How can I tell qmail-local what directory (maildir format) to deliver to? Use safecat[1] or maildrop[2]. Stefan [1] http://www.nb.net/~lbudney/linux/software/safecat.html [2] http://i.am/mrsam
Re: Benchmarks
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote/schrieb/scribsit:
> And that one byte would be?
> On Tue, 16 Nov 1999, Sam wrote:
> > I would suggest changing one byte in qmail-smtpd.c, bouncing such mail
> > immediately, instead of deferring it.
diff attached.
Stefan
--
I have a new PGP/GPG DSA key, please update your keyrings.
1024D/7EBE9100 1999-10-25 "Stefan Paletta" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
02C5 A03B 8088 D4E0 57D0 D44D C1E2 D360 7EBE 9100
--- qmail-smtpd.c.orig Mon Jun 15 12:53:16 1998
+++ qmail-smtpd.c Wed Nov 17 01:06:14 1999
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@
void die_nomem() { out("421 out of memory (#4.3.0)\r\n"); flush(); _exit(1); }
void die_control() { out("421 unable to read controls (#4.3.0)\r\n"); flush();
_exit(1); }
void die_ipme() { out("421 unable to figure out my IP addresses (#4.3.0)\r\n");
flush(); _exit(1); }
-void straynewline() { out("451 See http://pobox.com/~djb/docs/smtplf.html.\r\n");
flush(); _exit(1); }
+void straynewline() { out("551 See http://pobox.com/~djb/docs/smtplf.html.\r\n");
+flush(); _exit(1); }
void err_bmf() { out("553 sorry, your envelope sender is in my badmailfrom list
(#5.7.1)\r\n"); }
void err_nogateway() { out("553 sorry, that domain isn't in my list of allowed
rcpthosts (#5.7.1)\r\n"); }
Re: Mailer-Daemon Question
Manohar Pradhan wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > Can anyone explain me how can i make QMAIL to send Mailer-Daemon > within 24 hrs. (for being in queue) instead of waiting for 7 days. man qmail-send You are looking for ``queuelifetime''. (Funny is, people start calling bounce messages "Mailer-Daemon" (yes, that's where they come from, not what they _are_) all over the place - one german ISP even has in its FAQ the equivalent to "what do I do if I got a Mailer-Daemon". Rumor says, one person even called an exorcist. How good that qmail programs have such a polite QSMBF. :) Stefan
Re: stuck messages
Denis Voitenko wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > I have two messages stuck in the queue but I do not know how to check which > ones are they. Can someone point me in the right direction? qmail-qread Stefan
Re: How to give a greeting message
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > On Sat, Dec 25, 1999 at 11:21:59AM -0700, Irwan Hadi wrote: > > For example, Welcome to xxx, mm/dd/yy,hh:mm:ss , this mailserver is using > > QMAIL version 1.03 > The date-part is not possible, by the way. Of course it is - just use Unix! # cd /var/qmail/control # mkfifo smtpgreeting # while :; do date > smtpgreeting ; done & This is probably non-portable - so check the exact syntax for your system. Stefan -- I wish you a Merry Christmas and all the best for the New Year - the last year of this millenium.
Re: How to give a greeting message
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > On Sat, Dec 25, 1999 at 10:14:58AM -0500, Russell Nelson wrote: > > while :; do date > smtpgreeting.new && mv smtpgreeting smtpgreeting.net; sleep 1 ; >done & I might be not ``getting'' it, but for the sake of completeness, Russell, I suppose you meant: while :; do date > smtpgreeting.new && mv smtpgreeting.new smtpgreeting ; sleep 1 ; done & > Stefan: your solution is probably quite portable, but not reliable: it can > cause hanging qmail-smtpd's when 2 of 'm try to read the FIFO at the same > time. I see. Besides: why would anyone want to do this in the first place ..? It's the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol after all (and no, multiline fortunes do _not_ work ;). Stefan -- I wish you a Merry Christmas and all the best for the New Year - the last year of this millenium.
Re: pop3 and ip adres logging
Van Liedekerke Franky wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > does anybody know a quick hack to log the ip adres in a pop3 session without > setting tcpserver to verbose mode? # cat /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d-log #!/bin/sh logger -p local2.info -t pop3d "$USER logged in from $TCPREMOTEIP [$TCPREMOTEHOST]" exec /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d $1 # Stefan
Re: pop3 and ip adres logging
Van Liedekerke Franky wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > This probably works, but I'm using tcpserver and multilog, so how can I > achieve this kind of logging using those tools? Use 'echo "$USER logged in from $TCPREMOTEIP [$TCPREMOTEHOST]" >&2' instead of the call to logger. Stefan > > From: Stefan Paletta[SMTP:[EMAIL PROTECTED]] > > > > Van Liedekerke Franky wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > > > does anybody know a quick hack to log the ip adres in a pop3 session > > without > > > setting tcpserver to verbose mode? > > > > # cat /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d-log > > #!/bin/sh > > logger -p local2.info -t pop3d "$USER logged in from $TCPREMOTEIP > > [$TCPREMOTEHOST]" > > exec /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d $1 > > #
recovery
- Forwarded message from XY (X Y) - > From: XY (X Y) > To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] > Subject: e-mail problem [...] > ps I liked your message that you gave up! - End forwarded message - Stefan
Re: multiple qmail instances
Jiri Rosenmayer wrote/schrieb/scribsit: > So, my quetion is ? Can I change qmail root from /var/qmail ?? This is configured in the conf-qmail file in the source directory. Stefan
Re: RH62 running Qmail + pop + imap, cliënts use outlook
Jeroen ten Berge wrote/schrieb/scribsit:
Please, keep your lines around 70 characters max, thanks.
> auto-reply and auto-forward message's I'm fucked cause I have to
> enable it on the linux-box, is there a tool for windows that would
> make life easier ?
I did this yesterday to enable configuration of a forward by email:
cat > .qmail-fax
./Maildir/
| test -e .fax-away && forward [EMAIL PROTECTED]
^D
cat > .qmail-fax-config
| test -e .fax-away && { rm -f .fax-away ; status=off ; } || { touch .fax-away ;
|status=on ; } ; bouncesaying "Fax forwarding is now $status"
^D
User sends a mail to he-fax-config to toggle forwarding and gets
a bounce telling him the current status.
Stefan
