Re: [biofuels-biz] Water injection vs. water in fuel
Hello Peter But we're not talking about water in diesel. A water mist injection into the air intake, yes, but the water in the fuel side of it concerns water dissolved in a biodiesel-ethanol blend. There's no free water content, it's dissolved. With biodiesel, there's not likely to be any lack of lubricity in the upper cylinder area no matter how much ethanol is used, and microorganisms don't seem to be a problem with biodiesel. There's no need for harsh solvents, biodiesel does a good job of cleaning out all the gunge in the tank etc in the first couple of weeks. Harry was talking of a 10% ethanol, 10% water, 20% biodiesel, 60% petrodiesel blend using an emulsifier - again, no free water. The EPA report referred to details 23 studies of water-fuel emulsions - petrodiesel, yes, but emulsified: no free water. Following is a list of studies that are being considered for inclusion in work being done by EPA to assess the effects of water-fuel emulsions on emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate matter (PM). http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/analysis/emulsion/emulbibl.pdf The French ACREVO study found this: It has been established that an addition of 9 % of ethyl alcohol (95 %) bring a great benefit regarding the pre-heating oil temperature. In fact, the presence of alcohol allows a reduction in the inlet oil temperature from 150 ¡C to 80 ¡C. Moreover, the combustion of the emulsion produces less soot and, at the exhaust, the amount is almost one half less than that produced by the combustion of rapeseed oil. http://www.nf-2000.org/secure/Fair/F484.htm It seems water, one way or the other or both, will give combustion and emissions improvements which could be considerable, especially with an ethanol blend. Best Keith I have been reading with interest the subject of water injection for diesels. Further to Marc's comments I would like to add the following 5% water in diesel will damage the fuel pump and injectors by replacing the lubricating properties of the diesel, diesel from your local supplier can have up to 3% free water before it gets to your tank. Add to that a daily change of ambient temperature of 7û F or more, causing condensation inside your fuel tank and you can get over the 5%, most of which can settle out if not disturbed and create another problem of Micro Organisms growing in your tank. Over the years many 'additives' have been flogged to combat water, micro organisms, and system cleaning. The main product used to combat water has been various alcohols. There are several problems with using alcohols, firstly it breaks the water up into different size particles which can still reunite in the fuel system and cause damage, a good example of this is collecting in the injector tips, turning into steam with enough force to blow the end off the injector. Excess alcohol in the diesel can also leed to lubricating problems in the upper cylinder area and increased cylinder temperatures, this over time can cause piston cracking. Adding alcohol has no effect for control or eliminating micro organisms. A harsh solvent called 'toluene', used mainly in paints, is used to clean fuel systems which in very dirty systems will cause filter blocking and low power. It will also damage rubbers, nylons and other plastics which are found in todays fuel systems. I am not against fuel treatments (as opposed to additives), water injection or other technologies. If water was to be injected into the air intake stream, then there would have to be some way to shut off the injection prior to shutting down the engine to prevent cylinder corrosion. Also injection would have to be after the turbo charger (if fitted) to prevent the likely hood of damage to the impellor. Hope my experience and knowledge was of benefit to you all. regards Peter Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering
I'm going to get into trouble here but hey it's the truth we're after right? I read the paper on genetically modified vegetable oil and determined the following: 1) The oil in question was derived by an enhanced mutation method. To me this means that it was not genetically engineered as it did not involve the inclusion of foreign genes. This is more than just nit picking, I wrote a couple of papers on the management of genetic drift in tissue culture, normally you work your butt off to reduce the mutation rate but occassionally you do the opposite. An example was the creation of a salt tolerant Eucalypt from tissue culture that now is used to lower salty water tables in the management of dryland salinity. Simply allow or enhance the natural tendency of material to mutate in culture and add salt to the media to select for tolerance. Having said that even within the 'natural' forms of plant mutation the creation of a problem plant can occur. The point is that this method is strictly within the realm of traditional plant breeding--not genetic engineering. 2) The paper did suggest that its purpose was to give genetic engineers information as to the direction they should take. 3) To me the paper shows that breeding and selection can produce field crop vegetable oils with lower chain length FAs from the existing gene pools relying on natural variations alone. As biodieselers that would be enough. The same tissue culture techniques as produced the high yield Palm oil varieties could achieve similar results for tree crops. It's a matter of what research is funded. One thing that concerns me is the statement that transesterification to biodiesel was expensive. When compared with the costs of refining vegetable oils by degumming, neutralisation, bleaching etc., the cost of transesterifying raw oils is not; or should not be; excessive. Steve Hobbs has shown that the transesterification (with washing)of raw oil effectivelty removes the contaminants. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], David Preskett [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Paddy, I'd be interested too in the papers. Dave goat industries wrote: there are plans to produce crops of genetically modified oil bearing plants. The oil extracted could be used directly as a diesel fuel because it is composed of a high percentage of small chain length molecules. If anyone wants more info i could dig out the relevant papers. Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ -- David Preskett, BSc (Hons.), AIWSc [EMAIL PROTECTED] Recycling - not a chore more a way of life University of Wales BioComposites Centre Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL572UW http://www.bc.bangor.ac.uk Tel +44 (0)1248-370588 Fax: +44 (0)1248-370594 Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering
Hi Harry I'm going to get into trouble here but hey it's the truth we're after right? I read the paper on genetically modified vegetable oil and determined the following: 1) The oil in question was derived by an enhanced mutation method. To me this means that it was not genetically engineered as it did not involve the inclusion of foreign genes. This is more than just nit picking, That's right, it's a critical difference. The biotech spin that it's only what Mendel did after all confuses a lot of folks (including some here), but that's BS - neither Mendel nor any other traditional plant breeder (including God) ever used genes from a different species. I wrote a couple of papers on the management of genetic drift in tissue culture, normally you work your butt off to reduce the mutation rate but occassionally you do the opposite. An example was the creation of a salt tolerant Eucalypt from tissue culture that now is used to lower salty water tables in the management of dryland salinity. Simply allow or enhance the natural tendency of material to mutate in culture and add salt to the media to select for tolerance. I think some at least of the low-THC industrial hemp varieties were produced this way, by means of colchicine, which is a mutagenic. Having said that even within the 'natural' forms of plant mutation the creation of a problem plant can occur. Even without humans having anything to do with it, but generally they don't survive (the plants, that is). The point is that this method is strictly within the realm of traditional plant breeding--not genetic engineering. 2) The paper did suggest that its purpose was to give genetic engineers information as to the direction they should take. Fair enough - but surely, especially considering the enhanced risk factor, only after traditional techniques have been exhausted, and the vast unexplored potential of existing species and varieties has been exhausted. We've hardly scratched the surface of this, as a look at James Duke's Handbook of Energy Crops shows, for one: http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/dukeindex.html 3) To me the paper shows that breeding and selection can produce field crop vegetable oils with lower chain length FAs from the existing gene pools relying on natural variations alone. As biodieselers that would be enough. The same tissue culture techniques as produced the high yield Palm oil varieties could achieve similar results for tree crops. It's a matter of what research is funded. Yes, that's the problem - most funding comes from the wrong people for the wrong reasons, as proved by the lack of success with GM crops so far and the proliferation of problems. Lack of success: yields are the same or lower, pesticide inputs are the same or higher, environmental risk and damage are increased, farmers' independence and choice is in all cases decreased. One thing that concerns me is the statement that transesterification to biodiesel was expensive. European concerns pushing SVO use (pure plant oils) also claim this, along with all sorts of nonsense about toxic chemicals and toxic wastes. Methanol is toxic, but biodiesel isn't, nor are the wastes (excess methanol is recovered). When compared with the costs of refining vegetable oils by degumming, neutralisation, bleaching etc., the cost of transesterifying raw oils is not; or should not be; excessive. Steve Hobbs has shown that the transesterification (with washing)of raw oil effectivelty removes the contaminants. I've seen various conflicting statements about that. Do you have a reference for Steve Hobbs's work? Best wishes Keith --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], David Preskett [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Paddy, I'd be interested too in the papers. Dave goat industries wrote: there are plans to produce crops of genetically modified oil bearing plants. The oil extracted could be used directly as a diesel fuel because it is composed of a high percentage of small chain length molecules. If anyone wants more info i could dig out the relevant papers. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Curb on Gas Emissions Is Stalled in California
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/12/business/12CALI.html Curb on Gas Emissions Is Stalled in California By DANNY HAKIM DETROIT, June 11 - A bill to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from automobiles has stalled in the California State Assembly, the latest legislative setback for environmental groups. If passed, the measure would be the first to restrict automotive emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases thought by many scientists to be linked to global warming. The bill directs the California Air Resources Board to develop a plan for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by January 2005, to be put into effect for the 2009 model year. The bill has met with staunch opposition from the auto industry, which is concerned that it could be used as a template by other states. It's ultimately going to cost consumers more if this passes, said Gloria Bergquist, a spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The way you do this is to make cars lighter, smaller and less powerful, and that's not what California consumers want. The bill was passed by the Assembly in January, but it was sent back after the Senate added amendments. This time, an advertising campaign by the auto industry has helped derail the proposal. We're a couple votes shy, said Julia Levin, California policy coordinator for the Union of Concerned Scientists. The auto companies have definitely managed to peel off a few votes. The bill does not offer specific goals on how far state regulators should go in cutting emissions, nor does it propose ways to do it. Instead, it tells the air resources board to come up with a plan for the maximum feasible reduction in emissions. That open-ended mandate has led the auto industry, in advertisements, to suggest a number of possible outcomes. One ad, headlined Who Decides What You Drive? said the measure could result in higher gasoline taxes, lower speed limits, surcharges for sport utility vehicles and even fees for every mile driven. Proponents say that less severe steps are likely, like requiring automakers to make improvements by using more fuel-efficient technologies or measures to expand public transportation. John Dutra, a Democratic assemblyman from Fremont, outside San Francisco, said he voted for the bill the first time but was opposed this time. He said he had expected the Senate to add an amendment requiring approval by the Legislature of any plan the air resources board developed. I don't think that decision should be made by a five-member appointed body, Mr. Dutra said, adding, It's a decision that could have a serious economic impact. Fremont is home to a large assembly plant that is a joint venture of Toyota and General Motors. Fran Pavley, the sponsor of the proposal and a Democrat whose Southern California district includes Malibu, said the bill did give lawmakers a year to review the proposal but did not require a vote to approve it. Referring to the air resources board, she said, We put that gap in there to shine the light on A.R.B. and say `we're going to pay attention to these regulations and make sure they're cost-effective and achievable.' Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Study: Off-Road Diesel Engines Take Health Toll
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A28775-2002Jun10.html Study: Off-Road Diesel Engines Take Health Toll U.S. Approach to Regulations Criticized By Eric Pianin Washington Post Staff Writer Tuesday, June 11, 2002; Page A08 A study by state air pollution control officials concludes that more than 8,500 premature deaths a year are caused by extraordinarily high levels of air pollution from off-road diesel-driven equipment and machinery not regulated by the government. While the Environmental Protection Agency's focus has been on regulations to sharply reduce pollution from large trucks and buses, pollution from machines such as earthmovers, bulldozers and agricultural equipment is far more lethal because of the high concentrations of sulfur in the diesel fuel they use. Off-road engines cause elevated levels of ozone and fine particulate matter, airborne solids that are like soot or cement dust and that scientists have directly linked to premature death, asthma attacks and other respiratory and heart illnesses. Many of these off-road vehicles operate in cities. Except for passive smoking, I can't think of another problem regulated by the EPA that promotes such adverse health and welfare impacts on society, yet these sources of pollution are largely uncontrolled, said William Becker, executive director of the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators (STAPPA), one of two groups that prepared the study. The Bush administration announced last week it will increase efforts to regulate emissions from off-road diesel-driven machinery and equipment in an unusual collaboration with EPA air quality regulators and the Office of Management and Budget. Officials said OMB's early intervention would help streamline the overall rule-making because OMB would have to sign off on the final rule. The announcement followed a federal appeals court ruling last month that unanimously upheld a Clinton administration regulation requiring a speedy and dramatic reduction in pollution from large trucks and buses. That rule -- strongly contested by truck manufacturers and diesel fuel refiners because of the billions of dollars in associated costs -- would cut emissions of particulate matter by 90 percent and nitrogen oxides by 95 percent beginning in 2007. But state officials, environmental leaders and Rep. Henry A. Waxman (D-Calif.) have said the unusual alliance between the White House and the EPA might result in a back-door effort to dilute the effectiveness of the rules governing trucks and buses. That's because administration officials said Friday that they would consider incentives to encourage engine makers and refineries to change engine designs and switch to low-sulfur diesel fuel for off-road vehicles by 2006 in return for reduction in the emission standards for trucks and buses. One approach under consideration is creating an overall emissions cap for on-road and off-road vehicles and machinery, and then creating a market-based system to allow companies to buy and trade credits for off-road and on-road emissions. We firmly believe this plan is a Trojan horse designed to undermine the cleanup of dirty diesel trucks and buses, said Frank O'Donnell of the Clean Air Trust. A decision to weaken the diesel rule would be a shocking reversal, Waxman said in a letter to EPA administrator Christine Todd Whitman. Environmental leaders said OMB was usurping the EPA's congressionally mandated regulatory authority and said Whitman was backing away from an earlier pledge to defend the Clinton administration diesel truck and bus standard. Yesterday, John D. Graham, administrator of OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, defended the collaborative effort -- undertaken at his insistence -- and said officials were considering proposals that would sharply reduce diesel pollutants. Credit-trading would ultimately result in reduction of overall pollution on-road and off-road, and at less cost than traditional approaches, Graham said. We will be looking at a wide range of options, including both stricter and more permissive emissions limits than some observers or stakeholders may desire. Bob Slaughter, president of the National Petrochemical and Refiners Association, said refiners will have to invest $20 billion in the coming decade to comply with on-road diesel fuel and gasoline regulations. So we're sensitive to how much [new costs] off-road diesel fuel rules can add, he said. The study by STAPPA and the Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials was based on an EPA computer model and data that isolated the health effects of vehicle emissions. The report said tougher emissions standards for off-road engines could prevent 8,522 premature deaths a year and save $67 billion in related costs and lost income. © 2002 The Washington Post Company Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5
Re: [biofuels-biz] genetic engineering
I am very much intersted in these papers, since I am working with Jatropha as an perrenial oil plant, which did not yet undergo agricultural selection for higher yields. You can see more about this plant in my jatropha website http://www.jatropha.org Regards Reinhard Henning David Preskett [EMAIL PROTECTED] schrieb: Paddy, I'd be interested too in the papers. Dave goat industries wrote: there are plans to produce crops of genetically modified oil bearing plants. The oil extracted could be used directly as a diesel fuel because it is composed of a high percentage of small chain length molecules. If anyone wants more info i could dig out the relevant papers. Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ -- David Preskett, BSc (Hons.), AIWSc [EMAIL PROTECTED] Recycling - not a chore more a way of life University of Wales BioComposites Centre Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL572UW http://www.bc.bangor.ac.uk Tel +44 (0)1248-370588 Fax: +44 (0)1248-370594 Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ -- bagani GbR, Reinhard Henning, Rothkreuz 11, D-88138 Weissensberg, Germany Tel: ++49 8389 984129, Fax: 984128, e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] internet: www.bagani.de Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering
Enhanced mutation? How do the authors define enhanced, relative to their particular practice? That is where the answer lays. Not in any of our perceptions or interpretations of what enhanced means. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: gjkimlin [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com Sent: Monday, June 17, 2002 1:49 AM Subject: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering I'm going to get into trouble here but hey it's the truth we're after right? I read the paper on genetically modified vegetable oil and determined the following: 1) The oil in question was derived by an enhanced mutation method. To me this means that it was not genetically engineered as it did not involve the inclusion of foreign genes. This is more than just nit picking, I wrote a couple of papers on the management of genetic drift in tissue culture, normally you work your butt off to reduce the mutation rate but occassionally you do the opposite. An example was the creation of a salt tolerant Eucalypt from tissue culture that now is used to lower salty water tables in the management of dryland salinity. Simply allow or enhance the natural tendency of material to mutate in culture and add salt to the media to select for tolerance. Having said that even within the 'natural' forms of plant mutation the creation of a problem plant can occur. The point is that this method is strictly within the realm of traditional plant breeding--not genetic engineering. 2) The paper did suggest that its purpose was to give genetic engineers information as to the direction they should take. 3) To me the paper shows that breeding and selection can produce field crop vegetable oils with lower chain length FAs from the existing gene pools relying on natural variations alone. As biodieselers that would be enough. The same tissue culture techniques as produced the high yield Palm oil varieties could achieve similar results for tree crops. It's a matter of what research is funded. One thing that concerns me is the statement that transesterification to biodiesel was expensive. When compared with the costs of refining vegetable oils by degumming, neutralisation, bleaching etc., the cost of transesterifying raw oils is not; or should not be; excessive. Steve Hobbs has shown that the transesterification (with washing)of raw oil effectivelty removes the contaminants. --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], David Preskett [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Paddy, I'd be interested too in the papers. Dave goat industries wrote: there are plans to produce crops of genetically modified oil bearing plants. The oil extracted could be used directly as a diesel fuel because it is composed of a high percentage of small chain length molecules. If anyone wants more info i could dig out the relevant papers. Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ -- David Preskett, BSc (Hons.), AIWSc [EMAIL PROTECTED] Recycling - not a chore more a way of life University of Wales BioComposites Centre Deiniol Road Bangor Gwynedd LL572UW http://www.bc.bangor.ac.uk Tel +44 (0)1248-370588 Fax: +44 (0)1248-370594 Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM --- --~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering
G'day Keith, It's Steve Hobbs here. I have only two pieces of reference for my work. 1 - My humble 18 year old Nissan ute that has now travelled 7000 kms on a 40% cold pressed BD dino diesel mix and appears in all respects to be travelling fine (perhaps even better that fine, engine rattle has substantially reduced, cold starts improved, reduced smoke, etc..the ute is due to have injectors removed and inspected by an impartial party) 2 - I've had a sample of coldpressed BD analysised for fatty acid composition, which I guess would give an idea of the quality of the fuel by what fatty acids are and aren't present in my fuel. If you could Keith, I'd be interested to compare the fatty acid composition of my farm made cold pressed BD to commercially produced BD to see how the quality stacks up. So, here is the analysis C16:0C18:0C18:1C18:2C18:3C20:0C20:1C22:0 3.90 4.83 80.54 9.29 0.00 0.37 0.00 1.07 If you could provide me with a commentary on the quality of my fuel, it would be appreciated. Regards Steven snip, snip, snip,etc Keith Addison wrote: When compared with the costs of refining vegetable oils by degumming, neutralisation, bleaching etc., the cost of transesterifying raw oils is not; or should not be; excessive. Steve Hobbs has shown that the transesterification (with washing)of raw oil effectivelty removes the contaminants. I've seen various conflicting statements about that. Do you have a reference for Steve Hobbs's work? Best wishes Keith [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] raw or refined feedstock ?
If it helps to clarify, here are my two (EURO) cent: ALL commercial BD produced in Europe is made from raw oil, nobody bothers to refine (if they can). The fatty acid composition you mention has little to do with quality. It depends only on the feedstock AND GOES UNCHANGED THROUGH TRANSESTERIFICATION !!! Therefore it does not say anything on the quality of a biodiesel production. Camillo Holecek Biodiesel Raffinerie GmbH, Austria -Ursprngliche Nachricht- Von: Steven Hobbs [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Gesendet: Montag, 17. Juni 2002 15:26 An: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com Betreff: Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering G'day Keith, It's Steve Hobbs here. I have only two pieces of reference for my work. 1 - My humble 18 year old Nissan ute that has now travelled 7000 kms on a 40% cold pressed BD dino diesel mix and appears in all respects to be travelling fine (perhaps even better that fine, engine rattle has substantially reduced, cold starts improved, reduced smoke, etc..the ute is due to have injectors removed and inspected by an impartial party) 2 - I've had a sample of coldpressed BD analysised for fatty acid composition, which I guess would give an idea of the quality of the fuel by what fatty acids are and aren't present in my fuel. If you could Keith, I'd be interested to compare the fatty acid composition of my farm made cold pressed BD to commercially produced BD to see how the quality stacks up. So, here is the analysis C16:0C18:0C18:1C18:2C18:3C20:0C20:1C22:0 3.90 4.83 80.54 9.29 0.00 0.37 0.00 1.07 If you could provide me with a commentary on the quality of my fuel, it would be appreciated. Regards Steven snip, snip, snip,etc Keith Addison wrote: When compared with the costs of refining vegetable oils by degumming, neutralisation, bleaching etc., the cost of transesterifying raw oils is not; or should not be; excessive. Steve Hobbs has shown that the transesterification (with washing)of raw oil effectivelty removes the contaminants. I've seen various conflicting statements about that. Do you have a reference for Steve Hobbs's work? Best wishes Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering
Enhanced mutation? How do the authors define enhanced, relative to their particular practice? That is where the answer lays. Not in any of our perceptions or interpretations of what enhanced means. Todd Swearingen Hi Todd It's an uncorrected scan, not easy to read, but it looks like all they did was mutation. I think the enhanced bit came from Harry, not from the authors. They've certainly got the hots for GM but it looks like they didn't do it. It's not much of a study, IMO. Using Cuphea oil, which they were unable to harvest anyway so they used an analogue of it in their tests, made up of various short-chain fatty acids to simulate Cuphea oil, excluding various fatty acids below a certain proportion (whence the cut-off point?). And compared that with a commercial formulation, Captex 355: http://www.abiteccorp.com/355.pdf They're enthusiastic about their results (of course), but it seems it didn't work very well - crystallization problems eg, and this they felt might be solved by genetic manipulation or winterization. LOL! It all looks rather marginal, as is Cuphea itself. And, as Harry said, based on a misconception that transesterification is costly. Transesterification is obviously economically and generally feasible, so it seems to me you'd have to reach the end of quite a few rather long roads before what's suggested here became remotely interesting. One of those roads would be the large number of existing oil plants which have hardly been investigated yet, or not at all, as well as traditional methods of breeding and trait enhancement, short of GM and its risks (and costs). How would this stuff, all problems solved, be superior to, say, jatropha or honge oil as-is? Both of which fit in well with sustainable farming practices, agro-forestry, indigenous systems, etc, and aren't expensive freaks that you'd have to raise in a chemicalised cocoon. I guess they got their names on a published paper, makes their CVs look better. Maybe the hints at GM make it seem more topical. Best Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering
G'day Steve G'day Keith, It's Steve Hobbs here. I have only two pieces of reference for my work. 1 - My humble 18 year old Nissan ute that has now travelled 7000 kms on a 40% cold pressed BD dino diesel mix and appears in all respects to be travelling fine (perhaps even better that fine, engine rattle has substantially reduced, cold starts improved, reduced smoke, etc..the ute is due to have injectors removed and inspected by an impartial party) :-) The usual happy biodieseller, with a happy-sounding ute! Tell us about the inspection when it happens, will you? 2 - I've had a sample of coldpressed BD analysised for fatty acid composition, which I guess would give an idea of the quality of the fuel by what fatty acids are and aren't present in my fuel. If you could Keith, I'd be interested to compare the fatty acid composition of my farm made cold pressed BD to commercially produced BD to see how the quality stacks up. So, here is the analysis C16:0C18:0C18:1C18:2C18:3C20:0C20:1C22:0 3.90 4.83 80.54 9.29 0.00 0.37 0.00 1.07 If you could provide me with a commentary on the quality of my fuel, it would be appreciated. I think Camillo gave you the answer there (phew!). You might find comparisons with raw oils interesting though, fatty acid contents here: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_meth.html How much methanol? More here: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_yield.html Vegetable oil yields, characteristics Regards Steven snip, snip, snip,etc Keith Addison wrote: When compared with the costs of refining vegetable oils by degumming, neutralisation, bleaching etc., the cost of transesterifying raw oils is not; or should not be; excessive. Steve Hobbs has shown that the transesterification (with washing)of raw oil effectivelty removes the contaminants. I've seen various conflicting statements about that. Do you have a reference for Steve Hobbs's work? All settled now, good - thanks to Harry, Steve and Camillo. regards Keith Best wishes Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] raw or refined feedstock ?
Thankyou Camillo, you saved my bacon! :-) And good info to boot, as usual. Jolly good things, those Euro cents. Best Keith If it helps to clarify, here are my two (EURO) cent: ALL commercial BD produced in Europe is made from raw oil, nobody bothers to refine (if they can). The fatty acid composition you mention has little to do with quality. It depends only on the feedstock AND GOES UNCHANGED THROUGH TRANSESTERIFICATION !!! Therefore it does not say anything on the quality of a biodiesel production. Camillo Holecek Biodiesel Raffinerie GmbH, Austria -Ursprngliche Nachricht- Von: Steven Hobbs [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Gesendet: Montag, 17. Juni 2002 15:26 An: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com Betreff: Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering G'day Keith, It's Steve Hobbs here. I have only two pieces of reference for my work. 1 - My humble 18 year old Nissan ute that has now travelled 7000 kms on a 40% cold pressed BD dino diesel mix and appears in all respects to be travelling fine (perhaps even better that fine, engine rattle has substantially reduced, cold starts improved, reduced smoke, etc..the ute is due to have injectors removed and inspected by an impartial party) 2 - I've had a sample of coldpressed BD analysised for fatty acid composition, which I guess would give an idea of the quality of the fuel by what fatty acids are and aren't present in my fuel. If you could Keith, I'd be interested to compare the fatty acid composition of my farm made cold pressed BD to commercially produced BD to see how the quality stacks up. So, here is the analysis C16:0C18:0C18:1C18:2C18:3C20:0C20:1C22:0 3.90 4.83 80.54 9.29 0.00 0.37 0.00 1.07 If you could provide me with a commentary on the quality of my fuel, it would be appreciated. Regards Steven snip, snip, snip,etc Keith Addison wrote: When compared with the costs of refining vegetable oils by degumming, neutralisation, bleaching etc., the cost of transesterifying raw oils is not; or should not be; excessive. Steve Hobbs has shown that the transesterification (with washing)of raw oil effectivelty removes the contaminants. I've seen various conflicting statements about that. Do you have a reference for Steve Hobbs's work? Best wishes Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] raw or refined feedstock ?
G'day Camillo, Thanks for the comments but can I ask the question.by what method/s of analysis do you determine the quality of Bio-diesel? I had a hinch that Glycerine would've been a specific nuber before its removal, and so a fatty acid analysis would've indicated the completeness of a reaction? It is good to know that in European systems you do in fact use raw feedstock. Just to throw another feedstock into the ball park...100%.mutton fat. I think someone on another thread mentioned something about the smell of kitten vomityes...fairly nasty smelling stuffbut produced the best looking fuel I've seen. Only problem...has a cloud point of about 16 degrees! Is it possible to alter the cloud point using surfactants? Have you done any work with regards to the use of tallows Camillo? I'd be interested to hear. Regards Steven Camillo Holecek wrote: If it helps to clarify, here are my two (EURO) cent: ALL commercial BD produced in Europe is made from raw oil, nobody bothers to refine (if they can). The fatty acid composition you mention has little to do with quality. It depends only on the feedstock AND GOES UNCHANGED THROUGH TRANSESTERIFICATION !!! Therefore it does not say anything on the quality of a biodiesel production. Camillo Holecek Biodiesel Raffinerie GmbH, Austria -Ursprngliche Nachricht- Von: Steven Hobbs [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Gesendet: Montag, 17. Juni 2002 15:26 An: biofuels-biz@yahoogroups.com Betreff: Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering G'day Keith, It's Steve Hobbs here. I have only two pieces of reference for my work. 1 - My humble 18 year old Nissan ute that has now travelled 7000 kms on a 40% cold pressed BD dino diesel mix and appears in all respects to be travelling fine (perhaps even better that fine, engine rattle has substantially reduced, cold starts improved, reduced smoke, etc..the ute is due to have injectors removed and inspected by an impartial party) 2 - I've had a sample of coldpressed BD analysised for fatty acid composition, which I guess would give an idea of the quality of the fuel by what fatty acids are and aren't present in my fuel. If you could Keith, I'd be interested to compare the fatty acid composition of my farm made cold pressed BD to commercially produced BD to see how the quality stacks up. So, here is the analysis C16:0C18:0C18:1C18:2C18:3C20:0C20:1C22:0 3.90 4.83 80.54 9.29 0.00 0.37 0.00 1.07 If you could provide me with a commentary on the quality of my fuel, it would be appreciated. Regards Steven snip, snip, snip,etc Keith Addison wrote: When compared with the costs of refining vegetable oils by degumming, neutralisation, bleaching etc., the cost of transesterifying raw oils is not; or should not be; excessive. Steve Hobbs has shown that the transesterification (with washing)of raw oil effectivelty removes the contaminants. I've seen various conflicting statements about that. Do you have a reference for Steve Hobbs's work? Best wishes Keith Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuels-biz] Re: genetic engineering
G'day Keith, Yes I'll fill you in when the job gets done. I am rather keen to see how they look myself. Regards Steven Keith Addison wrote: G'day Steve G'day Keith, It's Steve Hobbs here. I have only two pieces of reference for my work. 1 - My humble 18 year old Nissan ute that has now travelled 7000 kms on a 40% cold pressed BD dino diesel mix and appears in all respects to be travelling fine (perhaps even better that fine, engine rattle has substantially reduced, cold starts improved, reduced smoke, etc..the ute is due to have injectors removed and inspected by an impartial party) :-) The usual happy biodieseller, with a happy-sounding ute! Tell us about the inspection when it happens, will you? snip, snip Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm List messages are archived at the Info-Archive at NNYTech: http://archive.nnytech.net/ To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa
Africa Has self inflicted droughts.The continued nomadic destruction of the environment called poverty alleviation,come to Afrca and learn how to totally destruct the environment and abuse human rights and create poverty by law. - Original Message - From: Christopher Witmer [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Sunday, June 16, 2002 2:16 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa Technology editor? Sounds more like political propaganda editor. The article's thesis may be correct, but it can't be scientifically established one way or the other. One thing is for sure -- Africa has been experiencing droughts since long before America's smokestacks -- or even America -- existed. I'm glad the case for biodiesel doesn't have to be based on this kind of mumbo-jumbo science, which is probably more accurately described as an exercise in guilt manipulation. Keith Addison wrote: Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa By Charles Arthur Technology Editor Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] EPA and DOT Overestimate Fuel Economy
http://www.ems.org/gas/zz.blue.02.06.10.html EMS - EPA and DOT Overestimate Fuel Economy Tuesday, June 11, 2002 CONTACT: Russell Long, Bluewater Network, 415/544-0790, ext. 18 Report Reveals EPA and DOT Deceive Consumers, Congress by Overestimating Fuel Economy Environmental Group Petitions EPA and DOT to Revise Outdated Fuel Economy Testing and Calculation Methods, Stop Misleading Consumers and Congress Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Curb on Gas Emissions Is Stalled in California
http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/12/business/12CALI.html Curb on Gas Emissions Is Stalled in California By DANNY HAKIM DETROIT, June 11 - A bill to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from automobiles has stalled in the California State Assembly, the latest legislative setback for environmental groups. If passed, the measure would be the first to restrict automotive emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases thought by many scientists to be linked to global warming. The bill directs the California Air Resources Board to develop a plan for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by January 2005, to be put into effect for the 2009 model year. The bill has met with staunch opposition from the auto industry, which is concerned that it could be used as a template by other states. It's ultimately going to cost consumers more if this passes, said Gloria Bergquist, a spokeswoman for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The way you do this is to make cars lighter, smaller and less powerful, and that's not what California consumers want. The bill was passed by the Assembly in January, but it was sent back after the Senate added amendments. This time, an advertising campaign by the auto industry has helped derail the proposal. We're a couple votes shy, said Julia Levin, California policy coordinator for the Union of Concerned Scientists. The auto companies have definitely managed to peel off a few votes. The bill does not offer specific goals on how far state regulators should go in cutting emissions, nor does it propose ways to do it. Instead, it tells the air resources board to come up with a plan for the maximum feasible reduction in emissions. That open-ended mandate has led the auto industry, in advertisements, to suggest a number of possible outcomes. One ad, headlined Who Decides What You Drive? said the measure could result in higher gasoline taxes, lower speed limits, surcharges for sport utility vehicles and even fees for every mile driven. Proponents say that less severe steps are likely, like requiring automakers to make improvements by using more fuel-efficient technologies or measures to expand public transportation. John Dutra, a Democratic assemblyman from Fremont, outside San Francisco, said he voted for the bill the first time but was opposed this time. He said he had expected the Senate to add an amendment requiring approval by the Legislature of any plan the air resources board developed. I don't think that decision should be made by a five-member appointed body, Mr. Dutra said, adding, It's a decision that could have a serious economic impact. Fremont is home to a large assembly plant that is a joint venture of Toyota and General Motors. Fran Pavley, the sponsor of the proposal and a Democrat whose Southern California district includes Malibu, said the bill did give lawmakers a year to review the proposal but did not require a vote to approve it. Referring to the air resources board, she said, We put that gap in there to shine the light on A.R.B. and say `we're going to pay attention to these regulations and make sure they're cost-effective and achievable.' Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Study: Off-Road Diesel Engines Take Health Toll
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A28775-2002Jun10.html Study: Off-Road Diesel Engines Take Health Toll U.S. Approach to Regulations Criticized By Eric Pianin Washington Post Staff Writer Tuesday, June 11, 2002; Page A08 A study by state air pollution control officials concludes that more than 8,500 premature deaths a year are caused by extraordinarily high levels of air pollution from off-road diesel-driven equipment and machinery not regulated by the government. While the Environmental Protection Agency's focus has been on regulations to sharply reduce pollution from large trucks and buses, pollution from machines such as earthmovers, bulldozers and agricultural equipment is far more lethal because of the high concentrations of sulfur in the diesel fuel they use. Off-road engines cause elevated levels of ozone and fine particulate matter, airborne solids that are like soot or cement dust and that scientists have directly linked to premature death, asthma attacks and other respiratory and heart illnesses. Many of these off-road vehicles operate in cities. Except for passive smoking, I can't think of another problem regulated by the EPA that promotes such adverse health and welfare impacts on society, yet these sources of pollution are largely uncontrolled, said William Becker, executive director of the State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators (STAPPA), one of two groups that prepared the study. The Bush administration announced last week it will increase efforts to regulate emissions from off-road diesel-driven machinery and equipment in an unusual collaboration with EPA air quality regulators and the Office of Management and Budget. Officials said OMB's early intervention would help streamline the overall rule-making because OMB would have to sign off on the final rule. The announcement followed a federal appeals court ruling last month that unanimously upheld a Clinton administration regulation requiring a speedy and dramatic reduction in pollution from large trucks and buses. That rule -- strongly contested by truck manufacturers and diesel fuel refiners because of the billions of dollars in associated costs -- would cut emissions of particulate matter by 90 percent and nitrogen oxides by 95 percent beginning in 2007. But state officials, environmental leaders and Rep. Henry A. Waxman (D-Calif.) have said the unusual alliance between the White House and the EPA might result in a back-door effort to dilute the effectiveness of the rules governing trucks and buses. That's because administration officials said Friday that they would consider incentives to encourage engine makers and refineries to change engine designs and switch to low-sulfur diesel fuel for off-road vehicles by 2006 in return for reduction in the emission standards for trucks and buses. One approach under consideration is creating an overall emissions cap for on-road and off-road vehicles and machinery, and then creating a market-based system to allow companies to buy and trade credits for off-road and on-road emissions. We firmly believe this plan is a Trojan horse designed to undermine the cleanup of dirty diesel trucks and buses, said Frank O'Donnell of the Clean Air Trust. A decision to weaken the diesel rule would be a shocking reversal, Waxman said in a letter to EPA administrator Christine Todd Whitman. Environmental leaders said OMB was usurping the EPA's congressionally mandated regulatory authority and said Whitman was backing away from an earlier pledge to defend the Clinton administration diesel truck and bus standard. Yesterday, John D. Graham, administrator of OMB's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, defended the collaborative effort -- undertaken at his insistence -- and said officials were considering proposals that would sharply reduce diesel pollutants. Credit-trading would ultimately result in reduction of overall pollution on-road and off-road, and at less cost than traditional approaches, Graham said. We will be looking at a wide range of options, including both stricter and more permissive emissions limits than some observers or stakeholders may desire. Bob Slaughter, president of the National Petrochemical and Refiners Association, said refiners will have to invest $20 billion in the coming decade to comply with on-road diesel fuel and gasoline regulations. So we're sensitive to how much [new costs] off-road diesel fuel rules can add, he said. The study by STAPPA and the Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials was based on an EPA computer model and data that isolated the health effects of vehicle emissions. The report said tougher emissions standards for off-road engines could prevent 8,522 premature deaths a year and save $67 billion in related costs and lost income. © 2002 The Washington Post Company Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5
[biofuel] African droughts triggered by Western pollution
http://www.newscientist.com/news/print.jsp?id=ns2393 African droughts triggered by Western pollution 19:00 12 June 02 Rachel Nowak, Melbourne Emissions spewed out by power stations and factories in North America and Europe may have sparked the severe droughts that have afflicted the Sahel region of Africa. The droughts have been among the worst the world has ever seen, and led to the infamous famines that crippled countries such as Ethiopia in the 1980s. The cause appears to be the clouds of sulphur belched out alongside the soot, organic carbon, ammonium and nitrate produced when fossil fuels are burnt, according to researchers in Australia and Canada. As these compounds move through the atmosphere, they create aerosols that affect cloud formation, altering the temperature of the Earth's surface and leading to dramatic shifts in regional weather patterns. In the past thirty to forty years, the Sahel--a loosely defined band across Africa, just south of the Sahara and including parts of Ethiopia in the east and Guinea in the west--has suffered the most sustained drought seen in any part of the world since records began, with precipitation falling by between 20 and 50 per cent. Although the droughts have had climate experts scratching their heads, the impacts have been obvious. During the worst years, between 1972 and 1975, and 1984 and 1985, up to a million people starved to death. Now Leon Rotstayn of the CSIRO, Australia's national research agency, thinks he knows what caused them. Rotstayn and his colleague Ulrike Lohmann of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, ran a simulation of global climate that included interactions between sulphur dioxide emissions and cloud formation. Sulphur dioxide creates sulphate aerosols that provide condensation nuclei for clouds. With more nuclei, clouds form from smaller droplets than usual, and are more efficient at reflecting solar radiation, cooling the Earth below. When the researchers included the huge sulphur emissions from the northern hemisphere during the 1980s in their model, the Earth's surface in the north cooled relative to the south, driving the tropical rain belt south and causing droughts in the Sahel. Their results will be reported soon in the Journal of Climate. It's still speculative, and the model isn't very refined, but it's very interesting. It's the first time we've seen a connection between pollution in the mid-latitudes and climate in the tropics, says Johann Feichter of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg. Feichter, who has run similar simulations but cannot talk about the results because the research is being peer-reviewed for a major journal, says the sulphur emissions probably worsen the natural cycle of droughts that would have happened anyway. During the past few years, the droughts have become less severe, a change that Rotstayn puts down to the clean air laws in North America and Europe that reduced sulphur dioxide emissions in response to another environmental crisis, acid rain. But the problems in Asia may be just beginning. Climate researchers around the world are beginning to study other types of aerosols, such as the clouds of black soot and sulphate being churned out by rapidly industrialising India and China, in the hope that they may shed light on other regional weather anomalies. For instance, northern China has had unusually dry summers in the past few years, while it has been particularly wet in the south. 19:00 12 June 02 Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa
Raffingora Garage [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Africa Has self inflicted droughts.The continued nomadic destruction of the environment called poverty alleviation,come to Afrca and learn how to totally destruct the environment and abuse human rights and create poverty by law. Hm, a happy citizen of the new South Africa it seems. Severe drought in the south now, 12 million at risk, that's caused by pastoralists and their much-vaunted but non-existent nomadic destruction? I don't think so. Half a million facing starvation in Angola - because of the reasons you state or because of a thoroughly evil civil war that would have been over decades ago but for US interference and that of their proxies in the apartheid regime? Zimbabwe, sure, there you have a case, but the extraordinary thing is that they didn't kill all the whites 20 years ago, as would have happened in a similar situation in many other parts of the world. Same goes for Sunny South Africa. East Africa? Pastoralists there yes, and much put upon they are, but please try to relate their pastoralism to drought and hunger with some evidence rather than just I say so. I don't think you'll find any evidence. One reason for the hunger, among many others, is the over-dominance of maize (exacerbated by food aid) to the exclusion and neglect of many local crops that are better adapted, less destructive and more nutritious. South Africa certainly knows a lot about creating poverty by law, but that's an old thing there rather than a new one. Come to Africa - I spent 30 years there, and I think what impressed me more than anything else is people's capacity to be blind to anything other than their own cherished notions. All those starving children in the backyard servants' quarters of rich white homes in Johannesburg and elsewhere - But we just didn't know, why didn't they tell us? And: We treat our servants like human beings. Do they still say that there? It's an Africa-wide phenomenon, this kind of blindness and the damage it causes - Third World-wide in fact. Here are a couple of examples: Sustainable Agriculture Pushing Back the Desert -- 24 Mar 2002: Desertification - land degrading into desert - is often blamed on mismanagement and misuse of land. Local people are allegedly guilty of over-farming, over-grazing and allowing their populations to exceed the environment's capacity. Lim Li Ching contests this myth, describing how local farmers in arid Africa are using innovative means to farm productively without destroying the environment, and highlights some criteria for sustainable agriculture. [more] http://www.i-sis.org.uk/desertification.php Good report, have a read. Here's another: Leave the farmers alone http://journeytoforever.org/keith_paul.html ... or stick to your cherished notions, whichever you prefer. Keith Addison - Original Message - From: Christopher Witmer [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Sunday, June 16, 2002 2:16 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa Technology editor? Sounds more like political propaganda editor. The article's thesis may be correct, but it can't be scientifically established one way or the other. One thing is for sure -- Africa has been experiencing droughts since long before America's smokestacks -- or even America -- existed. I'm glad the case for biodiesel doesn't have to be based on this kind of mumbo-jumbo science, which is probably more accurately described as an exercise in guilt manipulation. Keith Addison wrote: Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa By Charles Arthur Technology Editor Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
RE: [biofuel] Hybrid Diesel Motorcycle
I just purchased a gasoline powered 2 cycle engine weedeater. I can remember some discussions concerning the use of Bio diesel instead of Dino oil to provide lubrication for the 2 cycle engine. How much Bio diesel do you add? I know that the ratio for Dino Oil is 32 parts gasoline and 1 part Dino oil (4 oz oil per gallon of gas). Also did someone use Ethanol and Bio diesel to run a 2 cylce engine on a bike? T -Original Message- From: Sean Cook [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Sunday, June 16, 2002 5:19 AM To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: RE: [biofuel] Hybrid Diesel Motorcycle Gee I just want to buy one.,.,.,., so much for U.S. production. -Original Message- From: Keith Addison [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Saturday, June 15, 2002 10:46 PM To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [biofuel] Hybrid Diesel Motorcycle http://www.ecycle.com/powersports/hybrid.htm We've had that thing reffed from our website for more than a year, and nothing seems to happen with it, still just the same, same old pictures, still not in production. eCycle plans to introduce the hybrid motorcycle to beta testers in 2002. Tell you a secret - it's been 2002 for awhile now. Is it just one of these schemes where it's all just around the corner, just needs another few million or so? Lotsa diesel bikes here, by the way: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_bikes.html The new military Kawasaki for NATO and the US is the most interesting one, IMO. Best Keith Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] smokestacks and such
Hey Keith, it has been a while since I have complimented you on you tenacity and the the depth of your knowledge(files) and of course your ability to tear apart some with certainly a misguided thought. And to top that I am very glad that I have never had the temerity to interject a foolish argument such as happened the past two days by one of two members even though I have never had such thoughts. But the fact is you are right and my hat is off to you even though it may cause an intense solar reflection to pass before you. Go get em, gaw Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Future Technologies - was Drilling in Detroit
Keith wrote: http://www.ucsusa.org/vehicles/drill_detroit-exec.html executive summary Drilling in Detroit This is the executive summary from the 2001 UCS report Drilling in Detroit: Tapping Automaker Ingenuity to Build Safe and Efficient Automobiles. MH wrote: Thanks much for the report Keith. This maybe a review for others but happened upon another - bit more technical from Canada if one thinks in terms of engineering or intermingling EPA and US, CDN dollars. The graphs take time to load but I feel the real interest is in the text. It includes ethanol, Biodiesel as well as. Abbreviated - Table of Contents 1. Summary In support of Canada's efforts to reduce global warming, SENES Consultants Limited was awarded a contract to evaluate the potential for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from new on-road vehicles through the use of design changes and alternative fuels. 4. Characterization of the Baseline Fleet 5. Factors Affecting Vehicle Fuel Economy - Propulsion Energy Requirements - Power Train Efficiency For an expansion ratio of 10 (typical of gasoline-fueled, Otto-cycle engines), the maximum theoretical efficiency is 60.2% for air and 45.1% for stoichiometric exhaust. At an expansion ratio of 20 (typical of Diesel-cycle engines), the maximum theoretical efficiency increases to 69.8% for air and 54.1% for stoichiometric exhaust gas. Practical experience indicates that the optimum compression ratio for Diesel engines is less than 20. Compression ratios in the range of 20 are used only to achieve reliable cold starting. - Techniques for Improving Fuel Economy 6. Analysis of Individual Technologies 7. Accounting for the Effect of Fuel Economy Improvement Technology on Other Vehicle Attributes 8. Cost Analysis 9. Fuel Consumption and GHG Projections 11. References Alternative and Future Technologies for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Road Vehicles Transport Canada 1999 July 8, 1999 http://www.tc.gc.ca/envaffairs/subgroups1/vehicle_technology/study2/Final_report/Final_Report.htm I came across it while visiting Iogen. Below is a cost comparison of alternative means of avoiding gasoline use in vehicles. The data clearly indicates, on a cost basis without distortions of the tax system, bioethanol is one of the lowest cost ways to decrease gasoline usage. http://www.iogen.ca/3100.html Cost of Avoiding Gasoline Consumption Additional vehicle manufacturing cost amortized over 5 years of fuel savings Non-gasoline fuels carried at manufacturing cost Cost: CDN $ per Litre of Gasoline Avoided $2.13 4 valves per cylinder $1.84 Turbo w/Intercooler $1.61 Hybrid Vehicle $1.40 Aluminum Body $1.20 Typical EU Retail Price $0.99 Variable Valve Timing $0.70 Compression Ratio +.5 $0.60 Typical North American Retail Price $0.45 Bioethanol $0.41 Lightweight Interior Components $0.21 Reduced Aerodynamic Drag Enlarged diagram http://www.iogen.ca/images/3100_gasgraph_685.jpg ` Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Acid esterification method:extra step.
Hello Paul Some comments on this from Aleks Kac: Stick to the recipe. To the letter. Do not change, simplify or speed up anything. There's two years of trial and error research in this. It will take care of all sorts veg fats, even heavily used. The solid portion must be reduced to less than 50% because of the much lower acid stage temperature. Animal fats content is best at less than 25% for pork or chicken and less than 10% for bovine. These fats at greater concentration should be processed base/base. Acid-base: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_aleksnew.html Foolproof biodiesel process Base-base: http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_aleks.html Two-stage biodiesel process Best wishes Keith - Original Message - From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED] [snip] And yes, the same percs apply for new oil, although perhaps to lesser degrees, depending upon the FFA content of the fresh oil. Todd Swearingen Todd, what would you suggests as a reasonable cut off point for the home brewer to decide between one step/base and acid/base? Someone else has suggested 7g/L but I would think that is a bit high. One aspect of the acid/base method does not seem to have been given much attention. After the acid stage the reaction mix is still acidic. FFAs have been reduced but the sulphuric acid is still present. This residual acid will react with the NaOH added in the base stage and give an incomplete reaction unless it is accounted for. So I would suggest a titration before the base stage, taking into account the dilution effect of the initial dose of alcohol on the oil. If more than the recommended ammount of conc sulphuric acid has been used (to push the reaction by binding the water produced) compensating for the acidity becomes very important. My first efforts at acid/base produced an incomplete reaction, which led me to the above. On a batch of WVO titrating at 16ml the single stage base method gave a raw 60% volume yield. The BD solidified and had to be liquified before it could be washed. Acid/base method of the same oil gave a raw volume yield of 105% when the titration ammount of NaOH was used in the second stage. The BD from the acid/base method was liquid. Regards, Paul Gobert. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] African droughts triggered by Western pollution
Thanks Ramjee - I went looking for that and couldn't find it somehow. :-) Regards Keith http://www.newscientist.com/news/print.jsp?id=ns2393 African droughts triggered by Western pollution 19:00 12 June 02 Rachel Nowak, Melbourne Emissions spewed out by power stations and factories in North America and Europe may have sparked the severe droughts that have afflicted the Sahel region of Africa. The droughts have been among the worst the world has ever seen, and led to the infamous famines that crippled countries such as Ethiopia in the 1980s. The cause appears to be the clouds of sulphur belched out alongside the soot, organic carbon, ammonium and nitrate produced when fossil fuels are burnt, according to researchers in Australia and Canada. As these compounds move through the atmosphere, they create aerosols that affect cloud formation, altering the temperature of the Earth's surface and leading to dramatic shifts in regional weather patterns. In the past thirty to forty years, the Sahel--a loosely defined band across Africa, just south of the Sahara and including parts of Ethiopia in the east and Guinea in the west--has suffered the most sustained drought seen in any part of the world since records began, with precipitation falling by between 20 and 50 per cent. Although the droughts have had climate experts scratching their heads, the impacts have been obvious. During the worst years, between 1972 and 1975, and 1984 and 1985, up to a million people starved to death. Now Leon Rotstayn of the CSIRO, Australia's national research agency, thinks he knows what caused them. Rotstayn and his colleague Ulrike Lohmann of Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, ran a simulation of global climate that included interactions between sulphur dioxide emissions and cloud formation. Sulphur dioxide creates sulphate aerosols that provide condensation nuclei for clouds. With more nuclei, clouds form from smaller droplets than usual, and are more efficient at reflecting solar radiation, cooling the Earth below. When the researchers included the huge sulphur emissions from the northern hemisphere during the 1980s in their model, the Earth's surface in the north cooled relative to the south, driving the tropical rain belt south and causing droughts in the Sahel. Their results will be reported soon in the Journal of Climate. It's still speculative, and the model isn't very refined, but it's very interesting. It's the first time we've seen a connection between pollution in the mid-latitudes and climate in the tropics, says Johann Feichter of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg. Feichter, who has run similar simulations but cannot talk about the results because the research is being peer-reviewed for a major journal, says the sulphur emissions probably worsen the natural cycle of droughts that would have happened anyway. During the past few years, the droughts have become less severe, a change that Rotstayn puts down to the clean air laws in North America and Europe that reduced sulphur dioxide emissions in response to another environmental crisis, acid rain. But the problems in Asia may be just beginning. Climate researchers around the world are beginning to study other types of aerosols, such as the clouds of black soot and sulphate being churned out by rapidly industrialising India and China, in the hope that they may shed light on other regional weather anomalies. For instance, northern China has had unusually dry summers in the past few years, while it has been particularly wet in the south. 19:00 12 June 02 Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
RE: [biofuel] Hybrid Diesel Motorcycle
I just purchased a gasoline powered 2 cycle engine weedeater. I can remember some discussions concerning the use of Bio diesel instead of Dino oil to provide lubrication for the 2 cycle engine. How much Bio diesel do you add? I know that the ratio for Dino Oil is 32 parts gasoline and 1 part Dino oil (4 oz oil per gallon of gas). Also did someone use Ethanol and Bio diesel to run a 2 cylce engine on a bike? T Hello Tom There's been sporadic discussion on biod as 2-cycle oil, but we've never had really definitive results - some non-definitive results below. If you try it, please let us know how you fare. I believe the ethanol was used as a blend rather than a straight fuel - 10% ethanol with a 20:1 overall biod mix for the lube? Something like that. Regards Keith Martin R. used biodiesel as two-stroke oil in his chain saw, at a mix of 20 to 1 with gasoline. It works fine, he says. After using the saw for 2.5 hours in one go on dead Australian hardwood with no hiccups I was very impressed to say the least. In all my 2 Stroke engines , I use 20:1 Mix , better to blow some smoke then one at all . no smoke make's your saw run leaner and hotter and run the risk sizing your saw greater more oil will make your 2 stroke engine last longer for spark plugs are cheaper then an engine rebuild and the saw I use is a Dolmar chain saw so I will use BD from now on at 20:1 Mix Well, you'd think that at 20:1, just about anything would work, considering that most 2-strokes nowadays use 50:1 and even 100:1 mixes. I'd be hesitant, however, to use it in my expensive Stihl chainsaw, but if someone had an older 2-stroke lawnmower that they didn't care about, it would be interesting to try a 100:1 mix of straight BD and gas and just let it run continuously for 5 gallons worth or so. Old two-stroke engines like yours usually have bronze wrist pin bearings and thus require a richer oil mixture to adequately lube that bushing. Incidentally in a two stroke you will often find the wrist pin bearing fails first from poor lubrication (It is just much harder to get the oil into it!) I would recommend at least to stick with the 20-1 or even 15-1 seeing as biodiesel is a thinner oil than normal two-stroke oil. I have no idea what effect bio-diesel would have on the octane of gasoline but it probably isn't so important on old engines because they usually have a very low c/r anyway My favourite 2-stroke oil is Yamalube R racing oil at 40-1 mix and it, from the bottle is almost as thin as biodiesel! It could be biodiesel is the lube we've been looking for all these years. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] smokestacks and such
Hi Gaw Hey Keith, it has been a while since I have complimented you on you tenacity and the the depth of your knowledge(files) and of course your ability to tear apart some with certainly a misguided thought. And to top that I am very glad that I have never had the temerity to interject a foolish argument such as happened the past two days by one of two members even though I have never had such thoughts. But the fact is you are right and my hat is off to you even though it may cause an intense solar reflection to pass before you. Go get em, gaw LOL! So you're an old baldie too? I'm usually the first to know when it starts raining. I guess we wouldn't be much use in the Sahel. (I'll let you know when we get there.) I don't really aim to tear anyone apart. We're all human and it's human to have misconceptions, but surely it's a human obligation to try to minimise them rather than protect them - then it amounts to a prejudice. Well, maybe that's a human right too, but if a person insists on trotting them out in a culturally very diverse forum like this one without any support, then maybe they should expect a bit of opposition. This isn't the local pub where we all share the same myths and cherish the same notions, no matter how misbegotten. Neither is the world that way. Anyway, you can be foolish if you want, we all do dumb things, that's different. At least we old baldies can always plead encroaching senility, eh? Scanning, by the way, Gaw, goes but slowly, but I'm trying. Regards Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Future Technologies - was Drilling in Detroit
Hi Hoagy Thanks in return - two interesting ones. Best Keith Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] African droughts triggered by Western pollution
This is an issue that will take care of itself over time. When global warming raises the ocean's level sufficiently, the Western Sahara region, western Mauritania and most of Senegal will become a shallow sea, providing plenty of rainfall for what is now the Sahel, no doubt. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa
Forests that do not end up in ashes end up decomposing, and the net emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere are more or less equal in either case. Appal Energy wrote: Perhaps you would suggest that the forests must all be in ashes before there's proof sufficient for you? Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa
I was thinking more along the lines of a scorched Earth mindset and all forests in ashes before some give credence to the obvious...not simply a forest fire or two. You also don't address the balance of stored CO2 - locked up for millions of years beneath the Earth's surface and billions of acres of forests - all being continually and ever increasingly liberated in the form of fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. Just a little matter of the bulldozer pushing the fulcrum further and further to one end, making each and every new contribution an exponential one, not simply a tit for tat on one side or the other of the balance beam. Your glib and simple dismissal is one of blindness - intentional or not. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Christopher Witmer [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Monday, June 17, 2002 10:30 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa Forests that do not end up in ashes end up decomposing, and the net emissions of CO2 into the atmosphere are more or less equal in either case. Appal Energy wrote: Perhaps you would suggest that the forests must all be in ashes before there's proof sufficient for you? Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Revealed: how the smoke stacks of America have brought the world's worst drought to Africa
Appal Energy wrote: Your glib and simple dismissal is one of blindness. Todd, My glib and simple dismissal is because I actually have a MEMORY. I remember all the mountains of irrefutable scientific evidence trotted out by environmentalists in the early 1970s warning that we faced a new ice age unless the government took immediate and massive action. Today, using much of the same data, they claim we are endangered by global warming. These are the same climatologists who can't tell us whether it will rain next Friday, but who are certain that the earth's temperature will be x degrees celsius higher in 2011 than today. The proposed solution to this Greenhouse Effect is, surprise!, socialism -- more government spending and control, and lower human standards of living. Yet the net rise in world surface temperature during the last century is about one degree Fahrenheit, nearly all of it before 1940, notes syndicated columnist Alton Chase. And the northern oceans have actually been getting cooler. The much-vaunted 'global warming' figures are concocted by averaging equatorial warming with north temperate cooling. Note too that the recent news article bearing the same title as this message blames not warming but rather COOLING of the Northern Hemisphere as the cause of perennial drought in the Sahel. So which is it? Global cooling, or global warming? Desertification, or ice age? A National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration study of ground temperature in the U.S. from 1889-1989 found no warming. And a recently concluded 10-year satellite weather study by two NASA scientists at the Huntsville Space Center and the University of Alabama also found zero warming. Blind? How about blind faith in the ability of 'experts,' working within a very limited time frame and hampered by massive ignorance, to divine the causes of the world's problems, and to propose effective solutions? I am not opposed in principle to the research, but I have to oppose the so-called solutions which inevitably call for more government spending, more government control and limitations on personal freedom, and forced redistribution of wealth. There is no shortage of cheerleaders for these sorts of solutions because there is no shortage of resentment, envy and covetousness in the world. Scratching many an environmentalist exposes a great deal of resentment of others' economic advantages, or feelings of guilt for being one of the advantaged. And now I would like to conclude with a modest proposal for CO2 storage: Ode to a Dead Tree by Gary North I think that I shall never see A sight as lovely as a tree: A tree cut down for pulp and boards, Cut down for profit and rewards. Whenever forests disappear To fill a bookstore front to rear, The angels sing a glorious song, Especially if the books are long. When trees grow high above the earth I love to estimate their worth. I praise the chainsaw and the axe, Converting trees to paperbacks. I love to contemplate bare hills, Solutions to society's ills. For every tree dragged out by hooks May soon become a shelf of books. When men cry Timber! I rejoice, A perfect use for human voice. The sound of buzz saws is symphonic As long as books remain dendronic. I think of trees throughout the ages Especially as I'm turning pages: Majestic trees in ageless mists Transformed into best-sellers' lists. Down my spine I get the shivers: Giant forests into slivers! Forests growing through long winters; Spring will see them all in splinters. The thought of trees cut down for wood, Serving man as nature should, Literate mankind now confesses: Cut the trees and start the presses! -- Chris Witmer Tokyo Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] 10-25 kW Downdraft Wood Gasifier
On Sun, 16 Jun 2002 14:51:01 -0400, you wrote: http://www.gocpc.com/products/BioMaxFlyer.PDF Seems like someone posted this before? But it's enjoyable to read for those of us who didn't see it before. Thank you. Every day there is a story on TV, these days, about Forest Fires and the damage they do, and not one single time have I heard one of the talking heads or their interview-ees discuss that it's energy that's going up in the air, energy that might be utilized rather than treated as the enemy. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Acid esterification method:extra step.
- Original Message - From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Re: [biofuel] Acid esterification method:extra step. Hello Paul Some comments on this from Aleks Kac: Stick to the recipe. To the letter. Do not change, simplify or speed up anything. There's two years of trial and error research in this. Thanks Keith, Aleks but I am a stubborn bugger, still trying to invent the square wheel. Most likely I will come to the same conclusions as Aleks but will learn a lot in the process. Regards, Paul Gobert. --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.370 / Virus Database: 205 - Release Date: 5/06/02 Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Free $5 Love Reading Risk Free! http://us.click.yahoo.com/3PCXaC/PfREAA/Ey.GAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send quot;unsubscribequot; messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
