Re: [biofuels-biz] ultracaps
Hi Murdoch I dont know about drag racing and the last drag race I went to was when I was a kid growing up in Detroit. Heres a pretty good Japanese site that describes ultracaps in a readable manner. http://www.okamura-lab.com/ultracapacitor/index.htm It seems to me that they have the potential of being used for structural components owing to their laminar structure. Could replace the roof, hood (bonnet) trunk lids etc with something like this. The site above talks a lot about safety issues, power, energy capacity, etc. There are some experimental cars, trucks and busses being used in Japan. Heres whats on their news page. http://www.okamura-lab.com/ultracapacitor/ecsnews2Eng.htm News Shizuki Electric has expanded thier Ultracapacitor UPS --- 2003/04/10 Shizuki Electric Co. started selling together with Densei Lambda Co., their smaller version of Ultracapacitor UPS, 30kVA, 20kVA, and 10kVA added to the present models of 200kVA, 100kVA, and 50kVA. Guaranteed back up time is 5 seconds with options of up to 60 seconds. Larger models of 500 kVA to 2 MVA are scheduled in the near term. Capacitor Hybrid Truck Wins Grand Prize for Energy Conservation --- 2003/1/23 A capacitor hybrid truck developed and sold by Nissan Diesel Motor Co. has been awarded the Grand Prize for Energy Conservation 2002. The vehicle is regarded as the world's first commercial medium-size truck with a capacitor storage hybrid system. The vehicle utilizes the advantages of a capacitor storage, such as long life, high efficiency and large output power. Fuel mileage has been improved 1.5 times and CO2 generation is only 33% compared with the same class of diesel trucks. Honda FCX - Fuel-cell Capacitor Hybrid Car have been delivered --- 2002/12/03 Honda Motor Co. has delivered the world first commercial fuel cell capacitor hybrid passenger vehicle to Japanese government on December 2. American Honda Motor Co., Inc., has also delivered the vehicle to the city of Los Angeles on the same day. The both ceremonies were televised over the US and Japan. Capacitor Hybrid Truck is Displayed at Tokyo Motor Show 2002 --- 2002/10/30 Nissan Diesel Motor Co. displayed the world first commercial capacitor hybrid truck in Tokyo Motor Show, held at Makuhari Messe, Japan. The truck has started selling on last June and the first car delivered to the customer is already running at Tokyo-Yokohama area. City of Los Angeles became the first customer of Honda FCX in US --- 2002/10/07 Mayor Jim Hahn announced today an agreement between the City of Los Angeles and American Honda Motor Co., Inc., to make Los Angeles the first U.S. retail customer for a capacitor hybrid fuel cell car. The City will take delivery of the first of five production vehicles before the end of 2002. Okamura Lab. joined as a member of Electricity Storage Association (ESA) --- 2002/09/17 Okamura Laboratory has announced that the company has joined as a member of Electricity Storage Association, USA. This provides mutual links between both websites, and easy access to member organizations linked to both sites. Consortium for Building Research and Development Established --- 2002/07/25 For stimulating research and development in the area of buildings and houses, related industries and public research organizations in various fields joined to start Consortium for Building Research and Development (http://www.conso.jp). Among the topics, R D in Capacitor Storage Systems for Building Power Supply was posted as one of five themes. Honda Fuel Cell Vehicle First to Receive Certification --- 2002/07/24 The Honda FCX became the first fuel cell vehicle in the world to receive government certification, paving the way for the commercial use of fuel cell vehicles. The capacitor hybrid four seater, hydrogen-fuelled FCX is planned to be sold in the US and Japan within 2002. ECS is renamed ECaSS (Energy Capacitor Systems) --- 2002/07/15 ECS, or Energy Capacitor System, has been renamed ECaSS by Okamura Lab., Inc. in order to avoid confusion between other organizations such as the Electro Chemical Society, because this capacitor storage system is spreading world-wide. Trade name application has been made for ECaSS. Capacitor Hybrid Truck Appears on the Market in Japan --- 2002/06/24 Nissan Diesel Motor Co. debuted the world's first commercial capacitor hybrid truck, with test rides of the vehicle and a tour of their capacitor factory. The vehicle utilizes capacitors for storage and parallel hybrid operation with a diesel engine, aiming at practical application in the area where CNG is not provided. 200 kVA to 50 kVA UPSs using EDLC are Real Products --- 2002/04/01 Last November Shizuki Electric Co., in Japan started selling practical UPSs in 200, 100 and 50 kVA models. In April, the company set up one whole division to fully devote itself to related products and
[biofuels-biz] Report on external costs of electricity and transport released by EC
http://www.dieselnet.com/news/0309ec.html Report on external costs of electricity and transport released by EC September 11, 2003 The European Commission has released a research report titled External Costs: Research results on socio-environmental damages due to electricity and transport. The report-prepared by the ExternE (External costs of Energy) European Research Network-attempts to quantify the full socio-environmental cost of different methods of transport and electricity generation. The ExternE study results could provide a guidance to impose eco-taxes on the most damaging fuels and technologies or to encourage those with lower socio-environmental costs. Socio-environmental, or external, costs from activities such as electricity generation are said to arise when the social or economic activities of one group of persons have an impact on another group and when that impact is not fully accounted, or compensated for, by the first group. Seven major types of damages have been considered, the main categories being human health (fatal and non-fatal effects), effects on crops and materials. Moreover, damages caused by global warming provoked by greenhouse gases have been assessed on a global level within ExternE; however the range of uncertainty was much higher for global warming impacts than for other damages. When analyzing transportation technologies, the study generally found that gasoline (petrol) passenger cars were associated with less external costs than diesel cars, in both urban and extra-urban passenger transport. Diesel urban buses had lower cost per passenger per kilometer (pkm) than gasoline cars in all cities with the exception of London. Diesel cars scored poorly due to high air pollution costs attached to the particulate matter (PM) emissions. The study, however, was based on Euro 2 (1996) engine technology, which is no longer representative for today's vehicle fleets. PM emission limits from Euro 2, Euro 3 (2000), and Euro 4 (2005) technologies are 0.10 g/km (DI), 0.05 g/km, and 0.025 g/km, respectively (Euro 4 vehicles are already available in areas which offer tax incentives for their early introduction). The highest air pollution costs were found in urban areas, where exposure to air pollution is high due to population density and climate conditions. The costs were dominated by the car use component (tailpipe pollution), with little contribution from vehicle production, fuel production, or infrastructure. In cities with unfavorable climate conditions (Athens) the air pollution costs for diesel cars were almost Û5 per 100 pkm. Under more favorable conditions of Amsterdam, the costs for diesel and gasoline cars were similar, both below Û1 per 100 pkm. In extra-urban driving the costs were lower, from about Û1.2 to less than Û0.2 per 100 pkm, due to low population exposure to pollution. The cost sources in extra-urban driving were also shifted from vehicle use to vehicle/fuel production and infrastructure. In goods transport, the highest external cost was calculated for heavy-goods vehicles (over Û10 per TEU-km, where TEU stands for 20 feet equivalent unit), followed by container ship, barge, and goods train (about Û2 per TEU-km). The pollution component, however, from heavy-goods vehicles was actually less than that from the container ship and barge (but higher than from the train). The highest external cost component in heavy-goods vehicles was accidents. Source: European Commission Full report - Acrobat file, 3.3Mb http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/externe_en.pdf http://dbs.cordis.lu/cgi-bin/srchidadb?CALLER=NHP_EN_NEWSACTION=DSES SION=RCN=EN_RCN_ID:20861 CORDIS: News service New Commission report counts the social cost of transport and electricity generation [Date: 2003-09-09] The European Commission has carried out new research aimed at quantifying the full socio-environmental cost of different methods of transport and electricity generation, the results of which could be used impose eco-taxes on the most damaging technologies. Socio-environmental, or 'external', costs from activities such as electricity generation are said to arise when: 'the social or economic activities of one group of persons have an impact on another group and when that impact is not fully accounted, or compensated for, by the first group.' In the foreword to a report containing the findings of the ExternE study, Research Commissioner Philippe Busquin says that the study allows different fuels and technologies for the electricity and transport sectors to be compared: 'Policy actions could therefore be taken to tax the most damaging fuels and technologies or to encourage those with lower socio-environmental costs.' The types of impacts analysed in the report include human health, damage to buildings, crops and ecosystems, global warming and noise pollution. The research employs a bottom-up methodology by measuring
Re: [biofuel] Washing Machine as Processor
Hi Maud, 55 gallon drums don't grow on trees in Holland either, but there are plenty of them to get for the free. You might be able to get one in a workshop where cars are repaired or ask for one at Unilever or Henkel, where they use thousands of them in the soap-industrie. In Holland these drums are considered as chemical waste, and most buisenisses are pleased when you come to get the drums. Another possibility could be : Just buy 200 liters of methanol, which is delivered in a 55 gallon ( 200 liter ) drum. I make BD in a plastic1000 liter container. You can buy these (used) containers in Holland for about 45,= ( which is about $ 45,= ) all over the country. You could also call an oil company like Shell. They have millions of these drums, and may be one of them can become lucky enough to contain BD in the future in stead of fossile oil. All the best !! Met vriendelijke groeten, Pieter Koole Netherlands. The information contained in this message (including attachments) is confidential, and is intended for the addressee(s) only. If you have received this message in error please delete it and notify the originator immediately. The unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or alteration of this message is strictly forbidden. We will not be liable for direct, special, indirect or consequential damages arising from alteration of the contents of this message by a third party or in case of electronic communications as a result of any virus being passed on. - Original Message - From: Maud Essen [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Thursday, September 18, 2003 6:06 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Washing Machine as Processor My washing machine is also modern, so I think I would risk having the same experience you had, Pieter. Around here, wringer washers are considered antiques and sell for a lot of money. 55-gallon drums don't grow on trees and our water is so hard that water heaters are lined with calcium deposits. Home heating oil tanks turn out to be 265 gallons...a bit large for the novice! Surely I'll think of something to use as an appropriately sized processor soon! Maud St. Louis, MO Ok, Sorry if I have send you useless information. I have tried it with a rather new washing machine ( 8 years old or so ) and had the problems I described. Maybe the older ones are better for making BD (people were closer to nature anyway at that time ). Met vriendelijke groeten, Pieter Koole Netherlands The information contained in this message (including attachments) is confidential, and is intended for the addressee(s) only. If you have received this message in error please delete it and notify the originator immediately. The unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or alteration of this message is strictly forbidden. We will not be liable for direct, special, indirect or consequential damages arising from alteration of the contents of this message by a third party or in case of electronic communications as a result of any virus being passed on. - Original Message - From: Neoteric Biofuels Inc [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Monday, September 15, 2003 5:20 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Washing Machine as Processor Our old wringer washer processor has not leaked, and has had many batches of biodiesel in it for over 3 years. They made them right, back in th 40's., I guess! It cost $1 at an auction, has legs, lid, bottom drain, agitator. Did not have a wringer attached, that is why it was so cheap. We did not need the wringer. ;-) On Sunday, September 14, 2003, at 04:39 PM, Pieter Koole wrote: Hi Maud, Besides the danger of unwanted fire, the rubbers in the washing machine will solube. I have this experience. Met vriendelijke groeten, Pieter Koole Netherlands. The information contained in this message (including attachments) is confidential, and is intended for the addressee(s) only. If you have received this message in error please delete it and notify the originator immediately. The unauthorized use, disclosure, copying or alteration of this message is strictly forbidden. We will not be liable for direct, special, indirect or consequential damages arising from alteration of the contents of this message by a third party or in case of electronic communications as a result of any virus being passed on. - Original Message - From: Martin [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Sunday, September 14, 2003 8:14 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Washing Machine as Processor The manufacturer warns about making sure you don't put anything flammable in them, I'd be careful and check any possibilities of arcing from relays or motors. Maud Essen wrote: If one were to fashion a gasket to seal the lid, would an apartment-sized washing machine work as a small biodiesel processor? Would there be a down side? Thanks!
[biofuel] hi!!
hi! can any one tellme different process of preparing biodiesel and the most economical of all those vasanth!!! Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] WVO burners...
Mike, Then I understand you a lot better and think it is a very good idea. Otherwise the 20 gallon/month will just be enough for the need of hot water for a family of 8-10 persons. If it is to rise temperature or backup in a solar system it is an other thing. The waste incinerator will give you quite a lot more, if you use it to heat water at the restaurant. By already having the large hot water storage, that is normal for solar, you only have to fire up the burner once, when needed. This make it more feasible, since you otherwise have to design a control system also, with automatic start/stop of the burner. Now you can have a simple thermostat-clock-bell, who tells you at a specified time if the storage temperature is too low and that you need to fire up. Hakan At 01:42 AM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Salui Hakan! What I really should have said is that we have installed solar, but I was thinking of WVO as a backup as opposed to electric heating. I also thought of providing the same restaurant with hot water, so they will get a better grease removal from the plates Mike JAMAICA - Original Message - From: Hakan Falk [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, September 19, 2003 11:24 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] WVO burners... Hi Mike, Reading your posting, I cannot avoid making a few reflections. 20 gallons of WVO per month is far to valuable to use it for heating of water in Jamaica, you do have the perfect location for using solar panels for that. For the hot water to bungalows, salt water distillation, etc., solar panels must be the most economical alternative. Vehicle fuel and waste incineration (do use the heat for pasteurise), is the best for the WVO. At such a location, always preheat with the sun which directly give you more than 80% of what you need and to an unbeatable cost. This way, your 20 gallons will go a long way. Hakan At 05:24 PM 9/19/2003, you wrote: Thanks Keith, I must say I am honored to hear from you, as I have always been a silent admirer of your work. I have been amazed at what you have done, and moreso I find your site interesting as I used to live and work that side of the world too. I would like to use the waste oil from a sucessful fish fry restaurant for heating some bungalows water as well as to provide heat for waste incineration, and for heating water to pasteurise substrate for mushroom growing, herb drying, and also I am thinking along the lines of wastewater reduction, or even saltwater destillation for a barren area I work in... I can get about 10 gallons of oil every 2 weeks... which I think is a lot from just one site. This is my first attempt at this. I am truly inspired by your website and your devotion to it. I would rank it as one of the most informative and easy to browse sites I have ever been to! I will let you know of my progress. Is your impressions about Babington simply a feeling, as you imply, or is it based on some experiences you heard of?? Please let me know I am willing to try the Turk burner... I was thinking of casting some pipes into a 45 gallon drum along the sides with pipes in the refrac. concrete, to use a primitive boiler. Any further ideas? Sincerely.. Mike Barnett JAMAICA. - Original Message - From: Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, September 19, 2003 6:06 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] WVO burners... Hi, Im new to this list, and interested in WVO burners. I have strated to collect WVO from a restaurant, and would like to build a babington style burner. Anyone with experiences willing to share? Mike JAMAICA Hello Mike, welcome You don't say what you want to use it for. The Babington gives you a hot flame you can use for heating whatever you want heated, if you can ever get the thing to work properly. This one: MOTHER's Waste Oil Heater http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_motherearth/me4.htmlhttp://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_motherearth/me4.htmlht tp://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_motherearth/me4.html ... is for space heating, like a furnace (very useful for those frozen winters you get in Jamaica!). This one: http://ww2.green-trust.org:8383/2000/biofuel/turk/http://ww2.green-trust.org:8383/2000/biofuel/turk/http://ww2.green-trust.o rg:8383/2000/biofuel/turk/ Turk Burner ... also give you a hot flame, like the Babington, but this is what John Archibald (Babington guru) says about it at that site: I think this is what you might call a Turbo Mother Earth News Burner. The oil in the pan is supposed to be fed by a simple tube and valve set up. He just used free standing oil in his crude experiments. No valves yet incorporated. The simplicity of the design is
[biofuel] Hydrogen Economy
Hi Heres my two cents worth on the hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water is what will happen and the car companies are promoting plugging into your home at night to charge up for the morning commute. How much extra capacity will power companies need to install to charge up all these hydrogen cars? Lets say your car averages 20-horsepower (~15kW) for an hour a day = 54MJoules/day. I read somewhere that an average house uses 0.75kW and if this means 24 hours per day, 65MJoules/day. It would interesting if anyone has an average electric bill for comparison. A lot of energy will be needed to charge up all those millions of hydrogen cars and where will it come from? Best regards, Ken __ Do you Yahoo!? Yahoo! SiteBuilder - Free, easy-to-use web site design software http://sitebuilder.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Remanufactured Ink Cartridges Refill Kits at MyInks.com for: HP $8-20. Epson $3-9, Canon $5-15, Lexmark $4-17. Free s/h over $50 (US Canada). http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=6351 http://us.click.yahoo.com/0zJuRD/6CvGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] What Is Synthetic Oil Made Of?
Maud Essen wrote: My new 1984 Mercedes 300DT is going to need an oil change right away. Naturally I would like to consider using a non-petroleum-based oil. Same with my little old truck. I've been looking into vegetable based motor oils, and not having much luck. It seems that not much work has been done on them since the GWB administration took office. (surprize, surprize!) What are synthetic oils made of? Snips and snails and puppy-dog tails? Sugar and spice and all things nice? In other words, are any/some/all synthetic oils non-petroleum? Are any particular brands better than others? All of the ones I'm aware of use petroleum products as raw materials. If I use synthetic oil (which I believe is much more expensive) should I Get Real about one of those bypass filtering systems that were recently discussed? Definitely! I'm looking into Shells brand of Rotella Synthetic, or perhaps Amsoil. And definitely with a bypass filter. One of the toilet paper roll filters, like a Frantz or Motorguard. I'm leaning a little toward the Motorguard, because they're less expensive, and I like their design better. AP Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Hydrogen Economy
Hi Ken, Now you are a bad boy! It is not meant to question this dreams with silly things as capacity, energy sources or security, Hydrogen dreams and ready for use fuel economies, an introduction. http://energy.saving.nu/resources/scamartists.shtml When you start poking, you find holes that are large enough to drive all the Trucks in US trough them. Initially Hydrogen will come from US coal reserves and then central production with huge Nuclear Power Stations. To diversify from this, to consumer level is at best a naive dream and probably a deliberate attempt of scam. To hook up your car for consumer production of one of the most difficult gases to handle, cannot be a realistic dream. Osama bin Laden would be happy to know that the Americans will blow up themselves at the end. Maybe they are now building arguments for Bush to take the taxpayers money and pay for the upgrade of the grid. Hakan At 08:42 AM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Hi Here's my two cents worth on the hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water is what will happen and the car companies are promoting plugging into your home at night to charge up for the morning commute. How much extra capacity will power companies need to install to charge up all these hydrogen cars? Let's say your car averages 20-horsepower (~15kW) for an hour a day = 54MJoules/day. I read somewhere that an average house uses 0.75kW and if this means 24 hours per day, 65MJoules/day. It would interesting if anyone has an average electric bill for comparison. A lot of energy will be needed to charge up all those millions of hydrogen cars and where will it come from? Best regards, Ken Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Synthetic Oil
Martin, I believe we are in agreement on this issue. I know a few people who use Amsoil and they have significant miles on their vehicles 400,000 + km, but I also know people with 400, 000 + km who only used regular oil ( my father and father in law). I strongly believe that the most important thing is to change your oil and filter on a regular basis. I also know a few people that only change their oil once or twice a year and their vehicles do not last. If you are using Mobil 1 and getting 17, 000 km or so out of an oil change then you are spending your money wisely. For those that pay 2 -3 times the cost for Mobil 1 vs regular oil and still change it every 5, 000 km I question how rich they must be. As for engines being more exact today, tight tolerances will not save your oil, but it will help a little to extend the life. Oil is destroyed by engine blow-by (unavoidable) and heat. Engine blow-by is the reason diesel engine oil looks black the first few hundred miles you put on it. Now I may be wrong on this point, but I have not seen a modern diesel engine that didn't have black oil in the first few hundred miles. Although I am sure someone on the list can answer that question for me. As for the overly frequent oil change it has ended for me. Recently I bought a Saturn and it has a built in computer that recommends when you change your oil (based on heat, mileage, and RPM's). It is not telling me to change my oil till 7, 500 km. As I only drive on a major highway at steady speeds I am not very abusive on my engine. Therefore I can go longer on an oil change. This really annoys the dealership though. :) Now some may ask what this has to do with this group, well let me put it this way if all of the vehicles are changing their oil @ 5, 000 km what would happen if they all changed theirs @ 10, 000 or even 15, 000 km. There would be a whole lot more oil left at the end of every day. Aidan Wilkins Co-Owner MotorKote of Canada (519)-768-0948 [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Original Message - From: Martin Klingensmith To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Saturday, September 20, 2003 12:19 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Synthetic Oil It doesn't. Unless it's Amsoil the manufacturer still wants you to buy their oil every 3000 miles. http://www.amsoil.com/lit/lng_article/ http://www.mobil1.com/why/myths.jsp While Mobil 1 has given excellent results in extended oil drain tests, ExxonMobil prefers to remain conservative with oil drain recommendations. ... Oil change intervals can be as short as 3,000 miles or as long as 15,000 miles on some new cars. I use Mobil 1 and change the filter at regular intervals. You can't believe a the marketing department who tells you when to change your oil. Changing your oil at 3,000 miles is unnecessary in an engine built to the exacting specifications that they are now. It's also wasteful. -Martin Klingensmith Martin, I say nothing because I sell something. I say what I believe based on what I know and have found out about the industry. I would like to ask you one thing about synthetic working much better much longer: Where on the bottle does it say you can go longer between oil changes when you run synthetic? Aidan Wilkins Co-Owner MotorKote of Canada (519)-768-0948 [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor ADVERTISEMENT Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Remanufactured Ink Cartridges Refill Kits at MyInks.com for: HP $8-20. Epson $3-9, Canon $5-15, Lexmark $4-17. Free s/h over $50 (US Canada). http://www.c1tracking.com/l.asp?cid=6351 http://us.click.yahoo.com/0zJuRD/6CvGAA/qnsNAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Hydrogen Economy
Initially Hydrogen will come from US coal reserves and then central production with huge Nuclear Power Stations. To diversify from this, to consumer level is at best a naive dream and probably a deliberate attempt of scam. To some extent I think it will also come from natural gas reformed at the level of the home (and let us remember that H2 is presently usually made from Natural Gas... about 90% I think). And, as Ken points out, from simple electrolysis using electricity delivered to the home. If they must have their H2 economy, I'd like to see H2 made from other sources, such as methane made from biomass, if they want to establish a sustainable economy of H2, but what do I know. To hook up your car for consumer production of one of the most difficult gases to handle, cannot be a realistic dream. Osama bin Laden would be happy to know that the Americans will blow up themselves at the end. Maybe they are now building arguments for Bush to take the taxpayers money and pay for the upgrade of the grid. Hakan At 08:42 AM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Hi Here's my two cents worth on the hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water is what will happen and the car companies are promoting plugging into your home at night to charge up for the morning commute. How much extra capacity will power companies need to install to charge up all these hydrogen cars? Let's say your car averages 20-horsepower (~15kW) for an hour a day = 54MJoules/day. I read somewhere that an average house uses 0.75kW and if this means 24 hours per day, 65MJoules/day. It would interesting if anyone has an average electric bill for comparison. A lot of energy will be needed to charge up all those millions of hydrogen cars and where will it come from? Best regards, Ken Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- ReplayTV: CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! Instant Replay Pause live TV. Special Sale: 50% off! http://us.click.yahoo.com/UUMW7B/.5qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Synthetic Oil
Dear Adian, The first thing we have to realize is, that the clear use of recommended intervals for service and oil change. For the automotive industry, this is the secure budgetary garage income. It has very little to do with technical questions and very much to do with building a secure and easy forecasted revenue stream. That the oil companies also benefit and support it, is not surprising. The single and major wear on the engine is the cold start and the time it takes to build up the pressures in the lubricant layers. Distance driven is a very bad measurement to judge oil changes and does not really relate to realities. It is however very good for revenue forecasting. Getting in to oil qualities and distance discussions, assumes that it is some correlation between them and I cannot really see the technical argument. This especially after my youth as taxi driver. I still have to see the cab owner who can afford to follow recommended service intervals or who would argue that it was needed. You cannot bring your cab in for service and pay every two weeks and it is not necessary either, with a vehicle the runs almost all the time. The engine is not a problem, it is all the other parts that needs grease, but even here the constant use give larger intervals. Quality of the grease is more important than motor oil. Modern cars is also less dependent on grease. Hakan At 03:41 PM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Martin, I believe we are in agreement on this issue. I know a few people who use Amsoil and they have significant miles on their vehicles 400,000 + km, but I also know people with 400, 000 + km who only used regular oil ( my father and father in law). I strongly believe that the most important thing is to change your oil and filter on a regular basis. I also know a few people that only change their oil once or twice a year and their vehicles do not last. If you are using Mobil 1 and getting 17, 000 km or so out of an oil change then you are spending your money wisely. For those that pay 2 -3 times the cost for Mobil 1 vs regular oil and still change it every 5, 000 km I question how rich they must be. As for engines being more exact today, tight tolerances will not save your oil, but it will help a little to extend the life. Oil is destroyed by engine blow-by (unavoidable) and heat. Engine blow-by is the reason diesel engine oil looks black the first few hundred miles you put on it. Now I may be wrong on this point, but I have not seen a modern diesel engine that didn't have black oil in the first few hundred miles. Although I am sure someone on the list can answer that question for me. As for the overly frequent oil change it has ended for me. Recently I bought a Saturn and it has a built in computer that recommends when you change your oil (based on heat, mileage, and RPM's). It is not telling me to change my oil till 7, 500 km. As I only drive on a major highway at steady speeds I am not very abusive on my engine. Therefore I can go longer on an oil change. This really annoys the dealership though. :) Now some may ask what this has to do with this group, well let me put it this way if all of the vehicles are changing their oil @ 5, 000 km what would happen if they all changed theirs @ 10, 000 or even 15, 000 km. There would be a whole lot more oil left at the end of every day. Aidan Wilkins Co-Owner MotorKote of Canada (519)-768-0948 [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Original Message - From: Martin Klingensmith To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Saturday, September 20, 2003 12:19 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Synthetic Oil It doesn't. Unless it's Amsoil the manufacturer still wants you to buy their oil every 3000 miles. http://www.amsoil.com/lit/lng_article/http://www.amsoil.com/lit/lng_article/ http://www.mobil1.com/why/myths.jsp While Mobil 1 has given excellent results in extended oil drain tests, ExxonMobil prefers to remain conservative with oil drain recommendations. ... Oil change intervals can be as short as 3,000 miles or as long as 15,000 miles on some new cars. I use Mobil 1 and change the filter at regular intervals. You can't believe a the marketing department who tells you when to change your oil. Changing your oil at 3,000 miles is unnecessary in an engine built to the exacting specifications that they are now. It's also wasteful. -Martin Klingensmith Martin, I say nothing because I sell something. I say what I believe based on what I know and have found out about the industry. I would like to ask you one thing about synthetic working much better much longer: Where on the bottle does it say you can go longer between oil changes when you run synthetic? Aidan Wilkins Co-Owner MotorKote of Canada (519)-768-0948 [EMAIL PROTECTED] Yahoo!
Re: [biofuel] Hydrogen Economy
I would agree with you, if it was higher R/P values for natural gas. With the current 7 years for US, the demands of independence of import becomes an even a more impossible dream. I do not have to describe the current US situation on NG again. Hydrogen from NG achieve nothing and the best bet is coal/nuclear at the end. It is already feverish activities in US to build a lot more nuclear power stations. Hydrogen production at home? That will make Osama bin Laden happy. Hakan At 06:27 PM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Initially Hydrogen will come from US coal reserves and then central production with huge Nuclear Power Stations. To diversify from this, to consumer level is at best a naive dream and probably a deliberate attempt of scam. To some extent I think it will also come from natural gas reformed at the level of the home (and let us remember that H2 is presently usually made from Natural Gas... about 90% I think). And, as Ken points out, from simple electrolysis using electricity delivered to the home. If they must have their H2 economy, I'd like to see H2 made from other sources, such as methane made from biomass, if they want to establish a sustainable economy of H2, but what do I know. To hook up your car for consumer production of one of the most difficult gases to handle, cannot be a realistic dream. Osama bin Laden would be happy to know that the Americans will blow up themselves at the end. Maybe they are now building arguments for Bush to take the taxpayers money and pay for the upgrade of the grid. Hakan At 08:42 AM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Hi Here's my two cents worth on the hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water is what will happen and the car companies are promoting plugging into your home at night to charge up for the morning commute. How much extra capacity will power companies need to install to charge up all these hydrogen cars? Let's say your car averages 20-horsepower (~15kW) for an hour a day = 54MJoules/day. I read somewhere that an average house uses 0.75kW and if this means 24 hours per day, 65MJoules/day. It would interesting if anyone has an average electric bill for comparison. A lot of energy will be needed to charge up all those millions of hydrogen cars and where will it come from? Best regards, Ken Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- ReplayTV: Control live television Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/aUMW7B/A6qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Hydrogen Economy
By the way, we are tricked into a serious technical discussion here and the only thing they want is the taxpayers money for upgrading the grid. Since I do not pay tax in US, it does not matter for me. I am only reacting on the way to do things. Hakan At 07:02 PM 9/20/2003, you wrote: I would agree with you, if it was higher R/P values for natural gas. With the current 7 years for US, the demands of independence of import becomes an even a more impossible dream. I do not have to describe the current US situation on NG again. Hydrogen from NG achieve nothing and the best bet is coal/nuclear at the end. It is already feverish activities in US to build a lot more nuclear power stations. Hydrogen production at home? That will make Osama bin Laden happy. Hakan At 06:27 PM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Initially Hydrogen will come from US coal reserves and then central production with huge Nuclear Power Stations. To diversify from this, to consumer level is at best a naive dream and probably a deliberate attempt of scam. To some extent I think it will also come from natural gas reformed at the level of the home (and let us remember that H2 is presently usually made from Natural Gas... about 90% I think). And, as Ken points out, from simple electrolysis using electricity delivered to the home. If they must have their H2 economy, I'd like to see H2 made from other sources, such as methane made from biomass, if they want to establish a sustainable economy of H2, but what do I know. To hook up your car for consumer production of one of the most difficult gases to handle, cannot be a realistic dream. Osama bin Laden would be happy to know that the Americans will blow up themselves at the end. Maybe they are now building arguments for Bush to take the taxpayers money and pay for the upgrade of the grid. Hakan At 08:42 AM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Hi Here's my two cents worth on the hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water is what will happen and the car companies are promoting plugging into your home at night to charge up for the morning commute. How much extra capacity will power companies need to install to charge up all these hydrogen cars? Let's say your car averages 20-horsepower (~15kW) for an hour a day = 54MJoules/day. I read somewhere that an average house uses 0.75kW and if this means 24 hours per day, 65MJoules/day. It would interesting if anyone has an average electric bill for comparison. A lot of energy will be needed to charge up all those millions of hydrogen cars and where will it come from? Best regards, Ken Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Hydrogen Economy
Hi, I'm an engineer at a company that designs fuel reformers to convert hydrocarbons into hydrogen, mostly for fuel cell applications but also for other applications. I'm not necessarily advocating this as a solution to our dependence on fossil fuels, but there are a couple factors that many people fail to consider when discussing these options. First, fuel cell systems that run on hydrogen are much more efficient than internal combustion engines. For example, a fuel cell car that runs on hydrogen reformed from gasoline will get about 50% more miles per gallon than a typical automobile. Same fuel goes into the tank but less is used for the same amount of work. Secondly, the current administration is having very little impact on the development of this technology. The $1.2 billion that Bush promised for fuel cell development is a tiny fraction of what would be required to spur industry to refocus efforts towards a new technology. In the end, the technology that makes the most economic sense and earns the highest level of confidence from the public will win. I've got my money on biodiesel as the fuel of the future. -Bruce --- In biofuel@yahoogroups.com, Hakan Falk [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I would agree with you, if it was higher R/P values for natural gas. With the current 7 years for US, the demands of independence of import becomes an even a more impossible dream. I do not have to describe the current US situation on NG again. Hydrogen from NG achieve nothing and the best bet is coal/nuclear at the end. It is already feverish activities in US to build a lot more nuclear power stations. Hydrogen production at home? That will make Osama bin Laden happy. Hakan At 06:27 PM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Initially Hydrogen will come from US coal reserves and then central production with huge Nuclear Power Stations. To diversify from this, to consumer level is at best a naive dream and probably a deliberate attempt of scam. To some extent I think it will also come from natural gas reformed at the level of the home (and let us remember that H2 is presently usually made from Natural Gas... about 90% I think). And, as Ken points out, from simple electrolysis using electricity delivered to the home. If they must have their H2 economy, I'd like to see H2 made from other sources, such as methane made from biomass, if they want to establish a sustainable economy of H2, but what do I know. To hook up your car for consumer production of one of the most difficult gases to handle, cannot be a realistic dream. Osama bin Laden would be happy to know that the Americans will blow up themselves at the end. Maybe they are now building arguments for Bush to take the taxpayers money and pay for the upgrade of the grid. Hakan At 08:42 AM 9/20/2003, you wrote: Hi Here's my two cents worth on the hydrogen economy. Electrolysis of water is what will happen and the car companies are promoting plugging into your home at night to charge up for the morning commute. How much extra capacity will power companies need to install to charge up all these hydrogen cars? Let's say your car averages 20-horsepower (~15kW) for an hour a day = 54MJoules/day. I read somewhere that an average house uses 0.75kW and if this means 24 hours per day, 65MJoules/day. It would interesting if anyone has an average electric bill for comparison. A lot of energy will be needed to charge up all those millions of hydrogen cars and where will it come from? Best regards, Ken Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] GWB - Is It Good Politics ?
BOSTON (AP) The case for going to war against Iraq... By Steve Leblanc, Associated Press, 9/18/2003 http://www.boston.com/dailynews/261/nation/BOSTON_AP_The_case_for_going_t%3A.shtml BOSTON (AP) The case for going to war against Iraq was a fraud ''made up in Texas'' to give Republicans a political boost, Sen. Edward Kennedy said Thursday. In an interview with The Associated Press, Kennedy also said the Bush administration has failed to account for nearly half of the $4 billion the war is costing each month. He said he believes much of the unaccounted-for money is being used to bribe foreign leaders to send in troops. He called the Bush administration's current Iraq policy ''adrift.'' The White House declined to comment Thursday. The Massachusetts Democrat also expressed doubts about how serious a threat Saddam Hussein posed to the United States in its battle against terrorism. He said administration officials relied on ''distortion, misrepresentation, a selection of intelligence'' to justify their case for war. ''There was no imminent threat. This was made up in Texas, announced in January to the Republican leadership that war was going to take place and was going to be good politically. This whole thing was a fraud,'' Kennedy said. Kennedy said a recent report by the Congressional Budget Office showed that only about $2.5 billion of the $4 billion being spent monthly on the war can be accounted for by the Bush administration. ''My belief is this money is being shuffled all around to these political leaders in all parts of the world, bribing them to send in troops,'' he said. Of the $87 billion in new money requested by President Bush for the war, Kennedy said the administration should be required to report back to the Congress to account for the spending. ''We want to support our troops because they didn't make the decision to go there ... but I don't think it should be open-ended. We ought to have a benchmark where the administration has to come back and give us a report,'' he added. Kennedy said the focus on Iraq has drawn the nation's attention away from more direct threats, including al-Qaida, instability in Afghanistan or the nuclear ambitions of North Korea. ''I think all of those pose a threat to the security of the people of Massachusetts much more than the threat from Iraq,'' Kennedy said. ''Terror has been put on the sidelines for the last 12 months.'' Kennedy was one of 23 senators who voted last October against authorizing Bush to use military force to disarm Iraq. Earlier this year, he supported a Democratic amendment that would have delayed most of the president's proposed tax cuts, and most spending increases, until the administration provided cost estimates for the Iraq war. The amendment failed. CRUDE POLITICS from the right -- Osama bin Forgotten September 8, 2003 By Paul Sperry http://worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34472 WASHINGTON ö Why is Osama bin Laden still a threat to America two years after President Bush promised to capture him dead or alive? Why does Bush continue to appease Pakistan, where bin Laden is hiding, even when Pakistan bars our military from joining the hunt for him there? Why does the president continue to cover for the Saudis, despite mounting evidence of their complicity in 9-11? And why did he take a sharp turn into Iraq in the middle of a war on al-Qaida, when his own intelligence dossier ruled out Iraqi sponsorship of any attacks against U.S. territory, including 9-11, and concluded Saddam Hussein wouldn't even try to join forces with al-Qaida unless sufficiently desperate and provoked by U.S. attack ? My new book, Crude Politics: How Bush's Oil Cronies Hijacked the War on Terrorism, answers these disturbing questions and others, such as the ones raised by the principals at Barnes Noble.com in their recent interview with me. Here is the full exchange:[Continued] OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM Top Bush officials amend war claims Cheney, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz admit previous statements in error September 17, 2003 By Paul Sperry http://worldnetdaily.com/news/printer-friendly.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34642 WASHINGTON ö In the past week, three top Bush administration officials have backed off charges they made against Iraq, explaining they misspoke or overstated the facts. [Continued] Sticker shock and awe by Kathryn Schulz - grist magazine 09.19.03 - For more environmental news and humor, sign up for Grist Magazine's e-mail list. www.gristmagazine.com/signup/subgrist.asp http://www.workingforchange.com/article.cfm?itemid=15663 Add enough zeros to the end of any number -- say, 87 -- and it quickly becomes an abstraction. I can imagine 87 years (my grandmother's age), or 87 miles (about the distance from my home in Brooklyn to outer Long Island), or $87 (which wouldn't go far out there
[biofuel] Re: phosphoric acid in Foolproof method
Hello Mark I have to say I'm starting to change my mind about acid in the wash, but I think it has to be used a bit more scientifically than just 'adding some' which is how homebrewers seem to use it. Is that how they use it? I thought the usual way is to add acid until the wash water reads near neutral pH, or 7.5, or whatever, not just adding some. Aleks Kac specifies a set amount to use for the acid-base method, which makes sense because you're using a set amount of catalyst in the first place. That's the reason for using acid, after all, to neutralise the catalyst. Maybe the ones who just add some are the same ones who use it to make washing easier - they don't seem to be trying to neutralise the catalyst so much as cracking a galloping emulsion problem, they start bubblewashing and it froths over. I suppose the some that they add would be enough to stop it frothing. Adding acid may cure the symptom, but they need to get the process right (as you've said previously). Prof. Michael Allen said this on the Biofuels-biz list recntly: The purpose of the acid added to the wash-water after the transesterification is to break down any methoxide left in the ester and to neutralise it. Any strong acid would do for this. We use sulphuric acid to bring the wash water in contact with the methyl ester to a pH of not more than 8. If you don't add acid, you may not break down all the methoxide and there is a good chance that this will cause extra wear in an engine. Water will also break down sodium or potassium methoxide but it will not neutralise it. Maybe your teacher is right because your washing process is very efficient at removing excess catalyst. We found that this efficiency can only be achieved if we use much more water. Perhaps you can give us some details of your washing process... As for how much soap will be reconverted to FFA by adding acid to the wash, to dissolve back into your biodiesel, Mark Schofield just gave a rather precise measure of it: But remember the soap will return back to FFA. The pysical volume with respect to the final bio-diesel is very small indeed, maybe 0.001% v/v. I asked him how he'd arrived at that figure, but he hasn't responded. Michael Allen also said this on the Biofuels-biz list: The acid increases its [the wash'water's] capacity to wash out excess soap formed by the break-down of excess methoxide. But while the something acid may be taking out the soap as a sodium something salt, some free fatty acid is formed as well. Maybe not too much if we keep the wash water at a pH of 7 to 8 because these fatty acids are very weak (poorly ionised). Some of this FFA will probably disperse in the soapy wash water anyway and be removed (but some won't!). The particular fatty acids in a particular oil may have some effect on this too: For example, unsaturated fatty acids could perhaps be made water-soluble by the acid-washing process (I'm thinking of some of those sulphonates used in making shampoos here). Too many variables for a precise figure? Anyway, very little, if you do it right - well within the limits, and a worthwhile trade-off for the advantages. We seldom do it, but I don't think there are valid reasons not to use acid in the wash. But yes, please, let's be a bit scientific about it. Ive messed up a batch while experimenting that way not too long ago, overdid it on the HCL and a serious mess happened (it looked like emulsion and it had a high acid number on a titration (1.5) which wouldn't wash out. I eventually washed the hell out of it, and diluted it with a very high percentage of good fuel before using). So I still don't recommend acidulating as a matter of course, unless you know what you're doing. It can be done right if you do a titration for soap/catalyst first to find out how much acid to use (that HCL/ bromophenol blue indicator titration that Juan described a week or so ago). Why do a titration? Adding it slowly while monitoring the pH should do. Industry does it, but they also don't make particularly soapy biodiesel in the first place (because of using new oil or using acid-base ffa pretreatment), so the amount of ffa that is released when they acidulate isn't as large as it could be in a really problematic batch made by one of us... I want to make a comment on acid-base biodiesel, though- the one thing about it is that is different than singlestage biodiesel, is that you absolutely, positively must wash it. Think what you want about washing in general but for this method it's not an option not to wash. Fuel made with acid pretreatment contains water-soluble sodium sulfate formed by the neutralising of the sulfuric acid by some of the catalyst, and until you wash that stuff out, it's sulfur in your tailpipe emissions. For those wondering about how much of a danger it is that some sulfur might be left (I hear this question all the time)- well, the commercial guys who make fuel this way, pass the ASTM
[biofuel] Report on external costs of electricity and transport released by EC
http://www.dieselnet.com/news/0309ec.html Report on external costs of electricity and transport released by EC September 11, 2003 The European Commission has released a research report titled External Costs: Research results on socio-environmental damages due to electricity and transport. The report-prepared by the ExternE (External costs of Energy) European Research Network-attempts to quantify the full socio-environmental cost of different methods of transport and electricity generation. The ExternE study results could provide a guidance to impose eco-taxes on the most damaging fuels and technologies or to encourage those with lower socio-environmental costs. Socio-environmental, or external, costs from activities such as electricity generation are said to arise when the social or economic activities of one group of persons have an impact on another group and when that impact is not fully accounted, or compensated for, by the first group. Seven major types of damages have been considered, the main categories being human health (fatal and non-fatal effects), effects on crops and materials. Moreover, damages caused by global warming provoked by greenhouse gases have been assessed on a global level within ExternE; however the range of uncertainty was much higher for global warming impacts than for other damages. When analyzing transportation technologies, the study generally found that gasoline (petrol) passenger cars were associated with less external costs than diesel cars, in both urban and extra-urban passenger transport. Diesel urban buses had lower cost per passenger per kilometer (pkm) than gasoline cars in all cities with the exception of London. Diesel cars scored poorly due to high air pollution costs attached to the particulate matter (PM) emissions. The study, however, was based on Euro 2 (1996) engine technology, which is no longer representative for today's vehicle fleets. PM emission limits from Euro 2, Euro 3 (2000), and Euro 4 (2005) technologies are 0.10 g/km (DI), 0.05 g/km, and 0.025 g/km, respectively (Euro 4 vehicles are already available in areas which offer tax incentives for their early introduction). The highest air pollution costs were found in urban areas, where exposure to air pollution is high due to population density and climate conditions. The costs were dominated by the car use component (tailpipe pollution), with little contribution from vehicle production, fuel production, or infrastructure. In cities with unfavorable climate conditions (Athens) the air pollution costs for diesel cars were almost Û5 per 100 pkm. Under more favorable conditions of Amsterdam, the costs for diesel and gasoline cars were similar, both below Û1 per 100 pkm. In extra-urban driving the costs were lower, from about Û1.2 to less than Û0.2 per 100 pkm, due to low population exposure to pollution. The cost sources in extra-urban driving were also shifted from vehicle use to vehicle/fuel production and infrastructure. In goods transport, the highest external cost was calculated for heavy-goods vehicles (over Û10 per TEU-km, where TEU stands for 20 feet equivalent unit), followed by container ship, barge, and goods train (about Û2 per TEU-km). The pollution component, however, from heavy-goods vehicles was actually less than that from the container ship and barge (but higher than from the train). The highest external cost component in heavy-goods vehicles was accidents. Source: European Commission Full report - Acrobat file, 3.3Mb http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/energy/pdf/externe_en.pdf http://dbs.cordis.lu/cgi-bin/srchidadb?CALLER=NHP_EN_NEWSACTION=DSES SION=RCN=EN_RCN_ID:20861 CORDIS: News service New Commission report counts the social cost of transport and electricity generation [Date: 2003-09-09] The European Commission has carried out new research aimed at quantifying the full socio-environmental cost of different methods of transport and electricity generation, the results of which could be used impose eco-taxes on the most damaging technologies. Socio-environmental, or 'external', costs from activities such as electricity generation are said to arise when: 'the social or economic activities of one group of persons have an impact on another group and when that impact is not fully accounted, or compensated for, by the first group.' In the foreword to a report containing the findings of the ExternE study, Research Commissioner Philippe Busquin says that the study allows different fuels and technologies for the electricity and transport sectors to be compared: 'Policy actions could therefore be taken to tax the most damaging fuels and technologies or to encourage those with lower socio-environmental costs.' The types of impacts analysed in the report include human health, damage to buildings, crops and ecosystems, global warming and noise pollution. The research employs a bottom-up methodology by measuring
[biofuel] Alternative home heat
double-walled SS things of various types, with a firebox inside What was that originally? I want one. ;) Then there's a constant 60+ deg C heat supply from two one-cubic-metre compost piles (in series), So how exactly are you harvesting this heat to heat a home? I have an endless supply of wood chips I am trying to figure out how to use. Why do they have such things as pellet stoves but not wood chip stoves? I've never actually tried to burn them in the wood stove, but seems like if it would work well, everyone would use them rather than split and cut firewood. So, how can I turn these huge piles of chips into heat? (I can 'premix them with chicken manure by using the animal house bedding too if this helps.) Caroline Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Washing Machine as Processor
Go to a store which caters to farmers. They will have all sorts of metal and plastic containers, plus pumps, mixers, etc., which farmers use for mixing fertilizer, pesticides, etc. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Special Sale: 50% off ReplayTV Easily record your favorite shows! CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! http://us.click.yahoo.com/WUMW7B/85qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Hydrogen Economy
Hakan Falk wrote: I would agree with you, if it was higher R/P values for natural gas. With the current 7 years for US, the demands of independence of import becomes an even a more impossible dream. I do not have to describe the current US situation on NG again. Hydrogen from NG achieve nothing and the best bet is coal/nuclear at the end. It is already feverish activities in US to build a lot more nuclear power stations. No serious advocate of a hydrogen economy suggests that using a single source of hydrogen production should be pursued. The people who are pushing hard for hydrogen would like to see a diversity of resources, ranging from reforming natural gas and coal, to methanogenesis of garbage, pyrolysis of biomass, algal production AND electrolysis in situations that favor it, whether this is nuclear, wind or any of the options explained below. Using mass produced point focus solar collectors, whether stirling or photovoltaic, WILL bring the price of electricity down low enough to make hydrogen viable as an energy carrier. Some people believe that concentrated photovoltaics will eventually bring the price of electricity down to less than 1 cent per kilowatt hour, and IF this can be attained, a kilogram of hydrogen would cost less than what a current gallon of gasoline is running in the United States--even if it the hydrogen was taxed at the same level that gasoline is taxed. http://www.mokindustries.com/pages/762107/index.htm http://www.industrialsolartech.com/rmt.html http://www.solarsystems.com.au/ Hydrogen production at home? That will make Osama bin Laden happy. I've made hydrogen at home. No terrorist has ever approached me about this! robert luis rabello The Edge of Justice Adventure for Your Mind http://www.1stbooks.com/bookview/9782 [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- ReplayTV: CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! Instant Replay Pause live TV. Special Sale: 50% off! http://us.click.yahoo.com/UUMW7B/.5qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] 3 Questions NO ONE wants to answer
I will reply to one of the questions. No I do not support nuclear energy. I don't think it is clean energy when it produces waste that is hazardess for hundreds of years. Brent From: Tim [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: [biofuel] 3 Questions NO ONE wants to answer Date: Thu, 18 Sep 2003 16:13:02 - These questions are in reference to the energy crisis we are having right now. 1) Do you support the concept of a Hydrogen Economy? 2) Do you support nuclear energy to generate electricity? 3) If you support the Hydrogen Economy concept, what energy source will we use to make the hydrogen? No candidate has responded to date. _ The new MSN 8: smart spam protection and 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- ReplayTV: CNet Ranked #1 over Tivo! Instant Replay Pause live TV. Special Sale: 50% off! http://us.click.yahoo.com/UUMW7B/.5qGAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuels list archives: http://archive.nnytech.net/ Please do NOT send Unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
