[VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]}
Thank you for this Eloy. But, of course, it might be said that 6 guitars, percussion and conch shell is already excessive. The question is: what evidence do we have that such instruments, and in such numbers, were expected by JG de Padilla and his auditors in contemporary performances of his setting of Missa Ego flos campi. Perhaps they were commonly employed, but are there any early records of this? Martyn --- On Thu, 15/12/11, Eloy Cruz eloyc...@gmail.com wrote: From: Eloy Cruz eloyc...@gmail.com Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Thursday, 15 December, 2011, 19:35 Of course, like you, I doubt whether the Pope would have expected a strummed guitar in Palestrina's Messa Papae Marcelli. Indeed, is there even any evidence for the excessive strumming in some modern fashionable performances of South American sacred settings? Probably not as much as players today like to think - but Eloy perhaps could tell us more about that if he is not too busy. Well, I know no excessive strumming in some modern fashionable performances of South American sacred settings. The only example that comes to my mind is the Missa Mexicana CD by the Harp Consort: it's a setting of Missa Ego flos campi by JG de Padilla. The list of performers includes 6 guitar players and 3 percussion players, one of whom also plays conch shell. I think this CD could really be called fashionable: in between the Missa movements, it mixes some dance-songs, villancicos and even a vocal version of Murcia's Cumbees alla Swingle Singers. The liner notes only explain that the guitar was the most significant instrument of Spanish baroque music, and mention that a set of 6 matched Veracruz baroque guitars was specially made for this project. Anyway, I can't hear any excessive strumming in any of the tracks. Cheers eloy We also agree on the excessive strumming ('thrashing about') often found in some modern performances of solo songs. Yes indeed! Monica To get on or off this list see list information at [1]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html -- References 1. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]}
Thanks Monica, It is a realisation of the bass line but, because of the requirements of the instrument, not always with the written bass part as the lowest note on the guitar: I guess we'll just have to agree to differ on this. Incidentally, the practical considerations for the theorbo also applies to earlier music (eg Monteverdi et als) as well as Locke and later. regards Martyn --- On Thu, 15/12/11, Monica Hall mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk wrote: From: Monica Hall mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Subject: Re: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Thursday, 15 December, 2011, 20:17 Sent: Thursday, December 15, 2011 3:25 PM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Hmmm... Does a realised bass part always have to contain the bass exactly as written in the staff notation as its lowest line? Of course, ideally yes (and on the keyboard always yes) but many theorbo continuo realisations, for example, are obliged to adapt the bass because of lack of chromatic notes in the instrument's lower register (or other reasons) and so must take the realised bass higher than some of the other lower parts in the work. Thus, in a couple of Locke anthems I have in front of me at this moment, the occassional low Eb will have to be taken at the octave higher (and above the second and third choir sung bass lines) if I'm going to play a natural E elswhere in the work. I don't think this is really relevant as we were discussing the very early 17th century Italian repertoire - specifically alfabeto accompaniments. A guitar playing an Alfabeto realisation will similarly have the bass note somewhere in the chord - hopefully at the bottom if the guitar has bourdons on both bass courses (as my continuo guitar does) - but if not then elsewhere in the full chord. The point is that it that it may not do. The bass is the lowest part. We, and others, have often pointed out that the peculiar stringing of the guitar (with high octaves outwards etc) when strummed produces block chord sounds rather than a contrapuntal accompaniment - I see no practical reason why this isn't a realisation (ie a conversion into sound, a making known of) the harmonies implied/required by the bass. That may your interpretation of realizing a basso continuo part but I don't think that it is anyone elses. Of course, a melodic bass instrument is these situations is a bonus: but also note the discussion sometime ago about Marini's songs and the use of a seperate bass with the guitar... I think I made it quite clear when we discussed this before that I do not think that the separate bass line is intended to be performed with the alfabeto - indead if it were in some instances it would create problems. Here is his observation Note that in some places you will find that the alfabeto does not fit with the bass line. This is because it is the wish of the author to accompany the voice in as many ways as possible rather than while, by paying heed to the requirements of one instrument, he is constrained by those of the other, since the guitar lacks many proper consonances. I sense he thinks it a valid 'realisation' - if imperfect. It may be a valid realization depending on the way you chose to define realization but it is not a realization of the bass line. Regards Monica . --- On Thu, 15/12/11, Monica Hall [1]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk wrote: From: Monica Hall [2]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Martyn Hodgson [3]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist [4]vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Thursday, 15 December, 2011, 14:37 - Original Message - From: Martyn Hodgson [1][5]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk To: Monica Hall [2][6]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist [3][7]vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu; Lex Eisenhardt [4][8]eisenha...@planet.nl Sent: Thursday, December 15, 2011 9:13 AM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} The Corradi 1616 collection contains pieces for one, two and for three voices along with an intabulated part for 'chitarrone', the guitar alfabeto and a staff notated bass line ('da sonare nel
[VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]}
I thought one of the significant points of the period was a transition to harmonic vs voice thinking. And that the guitar was well positioned, if not instrumental, within that transition. So whether we call it bajo continuo per se, it's consistent in my mind to consider alfabeto a realization (stylized, perhaps) of the bass. Of course, the alfabeto can often oversimplify that realization. I look at it much the way I look at the song books you can get today, with guitar chords that gloss over interesting harmonic progressions. The same music played by the 8th graders I taught would sound very different from what I would choose to do. One thing I hear almost everywhere I go is that by and large the published guitar music is a performance suggestion, not writ. Everybody I've worked with has blessed changes to fingering, addition or changes of notes, and encouraged improvisation. The Sanz book is viewed as a lesson book, not a book of pieces that are to be played exactly as written, for example. With Roncali I was chastised for not improvising. So why would alfabetos be any different?But does that make them any less realizations of the bass? If we're talking about pre-harmonic thinking, where else would the alfabetos come from? cud __ From: Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk To: Monica Hall mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Sent: Friday, December 16, 2011 3:41 AM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Thanks Monica, It is a realisation of the bass line but, because of the requirements of the instrument, not always with the written bass part as the lowest note on the guitar: I guess we'll just have to agree to differ on this. Incidentally, the practical considerations for the theorbo also applies to earlier music (eg Monteverdi et als) as well as Locke and later. regards Martyn --- On Thu, 15/12/11, Monica Hall [1]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk wrote: From: Monica Hall [2]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Subject: Re: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Martyn Hodgson [3]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist [4]vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Thursday, 15 December, 2011, 20:17 Sent: Thursday, December 15, 2011 3:25 PM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Hmmm... Does a realised bass part always have to contain the bass exactly as written in the staff notation as its lowest line? Of course, ideally yes (and on the keyboard always yes) but many theorbo continuo realisations, for example, are obliged to adapt the bass because of lack of chromatic notes in the instrument's lower register (or other reasons) and so must take the realised bass higher than some of the other lower parts in the work. Thus, in a couple of Locke anthems I have in front of me at this moment, the occassional low Eb will have to be taken at the octave higher (and above the second and third choir sung bass lines) if I'm going to play a natural E elswhere in the work. I don't think this is really relevant as we were discussing the very early 17th century Italian repertoire - specifically alfabeto accompaniments. A guitar playing an Alfabeto realisation will similarly have the bass note somewhere in the chord - hopefully at the bottom if the guitar has bourdons on both bass courses (as my continuo guitar does) - but if not then elsewhere in the full chord. The point is that it that it may not do. The bass is the lowest part. We, and others, have often pointed out that the peculiar stringing of the guitar (with high octaves outwards etc) when strummed produces block chord sounds rather than a contrapuntal accompaniment - I see no practical reason why this isn't a realisation (ie a conversion into sound, a making known of) the harmonies implied/required by the bass. That may your interpretation of realizing a basso continuo part but I don't think that it is anyone elses. Of course, a melodic bass instrument is these situations is a bonus: but also note the discussion sometime ago about Marini's songs and the use of a seperate bass with the guitar... I think I made it quite clear when we discussed this before that I do not think that the separate bass line is intended to be performed with
[VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]}
Thanks Chris. Your observation that '...whether we call it bajo continuo per se, it's consistent in my mind to consider alfabeto a realization (stylized, perhaps) of the bass..', certainly coincides with my view on guitar basso continuo using alfabeto. And, it seems to me, reflects Marini's position too. regards martyn --- On Fri, 16/12/11, Chris Despopoulos despopoulos_chr...@yahoo.com wrote: From: Chris Despopoulos despopoulos_chr...@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk, Monica Hall mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Friday, 16 December, 2011, 14:08 I thought one of the significant points of the period was a transition to harmonic vs voice thinking. And that the guitar was well positioned, if not instrumental, within that transition. So whether we call it bajo continuo per se, it's consistent in my mind to consider alfabeto a realization (stylized, perhaps) of the bass. Of course, the alfabeto can often oversimplify that realization. I look at it much the way I look at the song books you can get today, with guitar chords that gloss over interesting harmonic progressions. The same music played by the 8th graders I taught would sound very different from what I would choose to do. One thing I hear almost everywhere I go is that by and large the published guitar music is a performance suggestion, not writ. Everybody I've worked with has blessed changes to fingering, addition or changes of notes, and encouraged improvisation. The Sanz book is viewed as a lesson book, not a book of pieces that are to be played exactly as written, for example. With Roncali I was chastised for not improvising. So why would alfabetos be any different?But does that make them any less realizations of the bass? If we're talking about pre-harmonic thinking, where else would the alfabetos come from? cud __ From: Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk To: Monica Hall mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Sent: Friday, December 16, 2011 3:41 AM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Thanks Monica, It is a realisation of the bass line but, because of the requirements of the instrument, not always with the written bass part as the lowest note on the guitar: I guess we'll just have to agree to differ on this. Incidentally, the practical considerations for the theorbo also applies to earlier music (eg Monteverdi et als) as well as Locke and later. regards Martyn --- On Thu, 15/12/11, Monica Hall [1]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk wrote: From: Monica Hall [2]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Subject: Re: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Martyn Hodgson [3]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist [4]vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Thursday, 15 December, 2011, 20:17 Sent: Thursday, December 15, 2011 3:25 PM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Hmmm... Does a realised bass part always have to contain the bass exactly as written in the staff notation as its lowest line? Of course, ideally yes (and on the keyboard always yes) but many theorbo continuo realisations, for example, are obliged to adapt the bass because of lack of chromatic notes in the instrument's lower register (or other reasons) and so must take the realised bass higher than some of the other lower parts in the work. Thus, in a couple of Locke anthems I have in front of me at this moment, the occassional low Eb will have to be taken at the octave higher (and above the second and third choir sung bass lines) if I'm going to play a natural E elswhere in the work. I don't think this is really relevant as we were discussing the very early 17th century Italian repertoire - specifically alfabeto accompaniments. A guitar playing an Alfabeto realisation will similarly have the bass note somewhere in the chord - hopefully at the bottom if the guitar has bourdons on both bass courses (as my continuo guitar does) - but if not then elsewhere in the full chord. The point is that it that it may not do. The bass is the lowest part. We, and others, have often pointed out that the peculiar stringing of the
[VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]}
Hello- I'm almost too late into the conversation, but this topic does pertain to one of my current projects, so I'll put it out there It seems to me that the debate centers on whether or not the simple alfabeto chords will suffice as an accompaniment, without additional instruments to play the written bass line. It is my opinion that some composers (although perhaps not all) would have been quite content to hear their secular songs accompanied by the guitar alone, and that the alfabeto framework provided would give an adequate harmonic structure for the voice. However, I have had very little success in finding any recordings of performances of early 17th century secular song that doesn't truck out a veritable football team of continuo players! I am not immune to the charms of the hammered dulcimer, but I do find it difficult to understand how these interpretations could ever be considered to be closer to what Grandi had in mind than what I have been doing myself as a singer and guitarist. So the question remains: Is the accompaniment provided by the alfabeto symbols lacking? And, to my mind even more importantly: Is the freedom that results from a self-accompanied performance (that simply wouldn't be possible with a 3-4 member continuo group) worth enough to outweigh any perceived shortcomings in the realization? I have recorded three songs as a demo for a grant application, and have posted them on a hidden page of my personal website, for those who might be interested in this debate. One aria each by Grandi, Landi, and Kapsberger, with scores and translations included. The link is: [1]http://www.budroach.com/baroque_guitar.html?r=20111216104205 I welcome your comments (either here or on my contact page) and thank you for your scholarship! Bud Roach --- On Fri, 12/16/11, Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk wrote: From: Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Chris Despopoulos despopoulos_chr...@yahoo.com Cc: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Received: Friday, December 16, 2011, 9:17 AM Thanks Chris. Your observation that '...whether we call it bajo continuo per se, it's consistent in my mind to consider alfabeto a realization (stylized, perhaps) of the bass..', certainly coincides with my view on guitar basso continuo using alfabeto. And, it seems to me, reflects Marini's position too. regards martyn --- On Fri, 16/12/11, Chris Despopoulos [2]despopoulos_chr...@yahoo.com wrote: From: Chris Despopoulos [3]despopoulos_chr...@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Martyn Hodgson [4]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk, Monica Hall [5]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist [6]vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Friday, 16 December, 2011, 14:08 I thought one of the significant points of the period was a transition to harmonic vs voice thinking. And that the guitar was well positioned, if not instrumental, within that transition. So whether we call it bajo continuo per se, it's consistent in my mind to consider alfabeto a realization (stylized, perhaps) of the bass. Of course, the alfabeto can often oversimplify that realization. I look at it much the way I look at the song books you can get today, with guitar chords that gloss over interesting harmonic progressions. The same music played by the 8th graders I taught would sound very different from what I would choose to do. One thing I hear almost everywhere I go is that by and large the published guitar music is a performance suggestion, not writ. Everybody I've worked with has blessed changes to fingering, addition or changes of notes, and encouraged improvisation. The Sanz book is viewed as a lesson book, not a book of pieces that are to be played exactly as written, for example. With Roncali I was chastised for not improvising. So why would alfabetos be any different?But does that make them any less realizations of the bass? If we're talking about pre-harmonic thinking, where else would the alfabetos come from? cud __ From: Martyn Hodgson [7]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk To: Monica Hall [8]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Cc: Sent: Friday, December 16, 2011 3:41 AM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Thanks Monica, It is a realisation
[VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]}
Dear Martyn Yes, 6 guitars is a very peculiar continuo band. As I said, I remember no evidence of such a band, or particularly guitars, playing at the cathedral in Padilla's times. But now that you mention it, many years ago, an american musicologist told me something about the music chapel of Puebla inviting some popular musicians to join them for the performance of some villancicos or something like that. I'm trying to confirm this reference, but Dr. Stanford is apparently not available at this time. Whenever I get some info I'll let you know Greetings eloy El [FECHA], [NOMBRE] [DIRECCION] escribió: Thank you for this Eloy. But, of course, it might be said that 6 guitars, percussion and conch shell is already excessive. The question is: what evidence do we have that such instruments, and in such numbers, were expected by JG de Padilla and his auditors in contemporary performances of his setting of Missa Ego flos campi. Perhaps they were commonly employed, but are there any early records of this? Martyn --- On Thu, 15/12/11, Eloy Cruz eloyc...@gmail.com wrote: From: Eloy Cruz eloyc...@gmail.com Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Thursday, 15 December, 2011, 19:35 Of course, like you, I doubt whether the Pope would have expected a strummed guitar in Palestrina's Messa Papae Marcelli. Indeed, is there even any evidence for the excessive strumming in some modern fashionable performances of South American sacred settings? Probably not as much as players today like to think - but Eloy perhaps could tell us more about that if he is not too busy. Well, I know no excessive strumming in some modern fashionable performances of South American sacred settings. The only example that comes to my mind is the Missa Mexicana CD by the Harp Consort: it's a setting of Missa Ego flos campi by JG de Padilla. The list of performers includes 6 guitar players and 3 percussion players, one of whom also plays conch shell. I think this CD could really be called fashionable: in between the Missa movements, it mixes some dance-songs, villancicos and even a vocal version of Murcia's Cumbees alla Swingle Singers. The liner notes only explain that the guitar was the most significant instrument of Spanish baroque music, and mention that a set of 6 matched Veracruz baroque guitars was specially made for this project. Anyway, I can't hear any excessive strumming in any of the tracks. Cheers eloy We also agree on the excessive strumming ('thrashing about') often found in some modern performances of solo songs. Yes indeed! Monica To get on or off this list see list information at [1]http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html -- References 1. http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~wbc/lute-admin/index.html
[VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]}
- Original Message - From: Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk To: Chris Despopoulos despopoulos_chr...@yahoo.com Cc: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Sent: Friday, December 16, 2011 2:17 PM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Thanks Chris. Your observation that '...whether we call it bajo continuo per se, it's consistent in my mind to consider alfabeto a realization (stylized, perhaps) of the bass..', certainly coincides with my view on guitar basso continuo using alfabeto. And, it seems to me, reflects Marini's position too. Sorry - but I think that you are both mistaken. You seem to be trying to argue that any form of accompaniment can be regarded as realizing a bass line. Interpreting terminology and practice in this way is meaningless. A basso continuo is what is says it is - a continuous, clearly identifiable bass line from which the accompaning intervals (rather than triads) are calculated. Occasionally, as you say the notes, which appear in the bass part may not always be reproduced exactly for practical reasons, but there is always a clear bass part - not one concealed or implied incidentally in a series of major and minor triads. It is probably true that because the baroque guitarists did think solely in terms of basis triadic harmony that it had some influence in the way that understanding of harmony developed in the early 17th century.But that is a different matter. Regards Monica --- On Fri, 16/12/11, Chris Despopoulos despopoulos_chr...@yahoo.com wrote: From: Chris Despopoulos despopoulos_chr...@yahoo.com Subject: Re: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk, Monica Hall mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Friday, 16 December, 2011, 14:08 I thought one of the significant points of the period was a transition to harmonic vs voice thinking. And that the guitar was well positioned, if not instrumental, within that transition. So whether we call it bajo continuo per se, it's consistent in my mind to consider alfabeto a realization (stylized, perhaps) of the bass. Of course, the alfabeto can often oversimplify that realization. I look at it much the way I look at the song books you can get today, with guitar chords that gloss over interesting harmonic progressions. The same music played by the 8th graders I taught would sound very different from what I would choose to do. One thing I hear almost everywhere I go is that by and large the published guitar music is a performance suggestion, not writ. Everybody I've worked with has blessed changes to fingering, addition or changes of notes, and encouraged improvisation. The Sanz book is viewed as a lesson book, not a book of pieces that are to be played exactly as written, for example. With Roncali I was chastised for not improvising. So why would alfabetos be any different?But does that make them any less realizations of the bass? If we're talking about pre-harmonic thinking, where else would the alfabetos come from? cud __ From: Martyn Hodgson hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk To: Monica Hall mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Sent: Friday, December 16, 2011 3:41 AM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Thanks Monica, It is a realisation of the bass line but, because of the requirements of the instrument, not always with the written bass part as the lowest note on the guitar: I guess we'll just have to agree to differ on this. Incidentally, the practical considerations for the theorbo also applies to earlier music (eg Monteverdi et als) as well as Locke and later. regards Martyn --- On Thu, 15/12/11, Monica Hall [1]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk wrote: From: Monica Hall [2]mjlh...@tiscali.co.uk Subject: Re: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} To: Martyn Hodgson [3]hodgsonmar...@yahoo.co.uk Cc: Vihuelalist [4]vihuela@cs.dartmouth.edu Date: Thursday, 15 December, 2011, 20:17 Sent: Thursday, December 15, 2011 3:25 PM Subject: [VIHUELA] Re: Strumming as basso continuo {was: Return to earlier question: {was: Agazzari guitar [was Re: Capona?]} Hmmm... Does a realised bass part always have to contain the bass exactly as written in the staff notation as its lowest line? Of course, ideally yes (and on the keyboard always yes) but many theorbo continuo realisations, for example, are obliged