Re: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!
I asked the supplier that specific question. If we wanted to run our experiment with an enrichment of 62Ni, would it be cheaper to buy the lesser enriched Ni or buy a smaller amount of 96% and dilute it. The answer came back plain and simple - the cheapest is to buy the smaller amount of 96% and dilute it as we want it. The reason is that a big part of the cost is the care that is needed in handling the nickel tetracarbonyl. Once they are setup to run the nickel tetracarbonyl through the centrifuge, the extra time in the centrifuge for concentration was a small effort compared to handling the nickel tetracarbonyl. The MFMP plan is to run with about a 4x enrichment over natural Ni - not pure 62Ni. On Mon, Feb 22, 2016 at 6:58 PM, Jones Beenewrote: > *From:* Bob Higgins > > MFMP intends to find out by purchasing some 96% enriched 62Ni to run in > a Parkhomov-like reactor. The cost to purchase 96% enriched 62Ni is > $11.30/mg (milligram)… > > Bob – the thought just occurred, assuming that 62Ni is the only active > isotope … and the others are neutral, then it is probably not wise to > look for high enrichment levels, especially in centrifugal process > enrichment. > > The reason is that the percentage enrichment per stage is higher in the > early stages than in the later stages, while the processing cost per stage i > s about the same. There is a fixed cost to liquefy the nickel, but that > is comparatively low. The depleted feedstock loss is minimized by going > to lower enrichment. > > For instance it could be possible to enrich by a factor of 10 – e.g. from > 3.6% to 36% in a few stages, but it requires exponentially more stages to > reach 96%, perhaps 50 stages with far more depleted feedstock. Thus, one > would be better off, cost-wise, in looking for the flexibility of getting the > enrichment at the lowest net cost for the exact enrichment level desired in > the end product, instead of getting a high enrichment and then diluting a > nearly pure isotope back down. > > Jones >
RE: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!
From: Bob Higgins > MFMP intends to find out by purchasing some 96% enriched 62Ni to run in a > Parkhomov-like reactor. The cost to purchase 96% enriched 62Ni is $11.30/mg > (milligram)… Bob – the thought just occurred, assuming that 62Ni is the only active isotope … and the others are neutral, then it is probably not wise to look for high enrichment levels, especially in centrifugal process enrichment. The reason is that the percentage enrichment per stage is higher in the early stages than in the later stages, while the processing cost per stage is about the same. There is a fixed cost to liquefy the nickel, but that is comparatively low. The depleted feedstock loss is minimized by going to lower enrichment. For instance it could be possible to enrich by a factor of 10 – e.g. from 3.6% to 36% in a few stages, but it requires exponentially more stages to reach 96%, perhaps 50 stages with far more depleted feedstock. Thus, one would be better off, cost-wise, in looking for the flexibility of getting the enrichment at the lowest net cost for the exact enrichment level desired in the end product, instead of getting a high enrichment and then diluting a nearly pure isotope back down. Jones
Re: [Vo]:the necessary level of competence of the ERV of the TEST
I wrote: > Assuming the reactor is connected to some sort of radiator or ventilation > system like any other space heater, then any licensed HVAC engineer who > works with large furnaces could do this test. > I mean a test to confirm the heat. Many other important tests must be done with a cold fusion reactor, such as looking for tritium. An HVAC engineer would not be qualified to look for tritium. You have to conduct long-term tests for reliability and stability, which I suppose calls for a mechanical engineer. You would need a team of people including one or more HVAC engineers. An HVAC engineer could set up and perform the heat balance test in about an hour, I think. A full test of a large conventional heating system takes longer than this. It covers many other performance parameters and safety checks. Many of the steps would not apply to a cold fusion reactor, such as measuring incomplete combustion. See, for example: http://www3.epa.gov/ttnemc01/guidlnd/gd-051.pdf To confirm that the reactor is producing heat beyond the limits of chemistry, you would not do a single one-hour test. You would set up equipment to record the electric power input and thermal output continuously for hours or days. The basic methods are the same as a one-hour test of a heating system. They are usually air-flow calorimetry, for a space heating furnace. (I do not know know what the 1 MW reactor heats. It could be water. The principles are similar.) - Jed
Re: [Vo]:Heat and electricity
LENR is breaking down the protons and neutrons in the nucleus. This produces electrons and heat as the final product. Breaking down means causing the proton and neutron to decay to mesons. On Mon, Feb 22, 2016 at 4:39 PM, H LVwrote: > Hi Matt, > > The general expectation among Rossi supporters is that he is going to > supply the world with a super fuel. Among his detractors the general > expectation is that he is engaged in fraud. However, > I take > Rossi > 's ambiguous remarks as > hint > to his supporters that > their > expectations > need an adjustment > > . With this in mind, I think the expectations which inform research into > "cold fusion" phenomena also need > an adjustment > . > > In broad terms, there are three domains of energy research: Energy > production, energy storage and energy conversion. > The view of the nucleus as a super fuel places it in the research domain > of energy production. This view underwrites the claims of "excess heat" > every time an anomalous heat effect occurs. Every claim of "excess heat" is > a claim of energy gain, but it is assumed that the energy used during the > _ > preparation > _ > of the experiment is irrelevant to the claim of energy gain. However, I > think the preoccupation with "excess heat" has been blinding us to the true > significance of the anomalies. The anomalies point to new forms of energy > storage and conversion instead of a new form of energy production. > > Furthermore, if > the overriding aim of all nuclear > energy > research is to give humanity a super fuel then the values of the fossil > fuel age will just continue under a different name with a different set of > environmentally unsustainable practices. In order to let go of the fossil > fuel age a new energy role for the very small > needs to be imagined > that doesn't involve energy production. > > (This critique applies to all the variants of the hydrino hypothesis as > well.) > > Harry > > On Sat, Feb 20, 2016 at 6:41 PM, Mats Lewan wrote: > > Harry, regarding heat into electricity conversion, Professor Eli > > Yablonovitch of the University of California seems to be doing some > > interesting stuff, as a side effect of having found a way to throw out > > photons with sub bandgap energy from photovoltaics. > > > > I’ve seen some hints, like this poster from last year: > > > http://www.zeplerinstitute.ac.uk/sites/www.zeplerinstitute.ac.uk/files/yablonovitch_lecture_poster_web_0.pdf > > > > "Thus the effort to reflect band-edge luminescence in solar cells has > > serendipitously created the technology to reflect all infrared > wavelengths, > > which can revolutionize thermo-photovoltaics. We have never before had > such > > high rear reflectivity for sub-bandgap radiation, permitting > step-function > > spectral control of the unused infrared photons for the first time. This > > enables conversion from heat[iii] to electricity with >50% efficiency. > Such > > a lightweight “engine” can provide power to electric cars, aerial > vehicles, > > spacecraft, homes, and stationary power plants.” > > > > I couldn’t find the full paper though. > > > > Mats > > www.animpossibleinvention.com > > > > > > > > On 20 Feb 2016, at 19:30, H LV wrote: > > > > A typical goal of energy conversion is to convert heat into electricity > and > > to do it as efficiently as possible. However, if the goal is to convert > > electricity into heat the issue of efficiency also arises. > > > > > > An LED is efficient at converting electricity into light but it is > > inefficient at converting electricity in to heat. So if you wanted heat > and > > only had an LED how would you make it more efficient at producing heat? > > > > Harry > > > > >
Re: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!
On Mon, Feb 22, 2016 at 2:18 PM, Bob Higginswrote: > > Rossi is known to have purchased 62Ni a few years back from an isotope > producer. Also, another source claims to have provided some amount of 62Ni > to Rossi. So we know that Rossi obtained some 62Ni. This does not mean > that the 62Ni is not bred in Rossi's reactions - it may be that the reaction > breeds 62Ni and that could be why Rossi has no need any longer to buy 62Ni. > Didn't Rossi say in 2011 or 2012 that he found an old man who could supply him with enriched 62Ni and at good price? I guess that old man was himself. ;-) Harry
Re: [Vo]:Heat and electricity
Hi Matt, The general expectation among Rossi supporters is that he is going to supply the world with a super fuel. Among his detractors the general expectation is that he is engaged in fraud. However, I take Rossi 's ambiguous remarks as hint to his supporters that their expectations need an adjustment . With this in mind, I think the expectations which inform research into "cold fusion" phenomena also need an adjustment . In broad terms, there are three domains of energy research: Energy production, energy storage and energy conversion. The view of the nucleus as a super fuel places it in the research domain of energy production. This view underwrites the claims of "excess heat" every time an anomalous heat effect occurs. Every claim of "excess heat" is a claim of energy gain, but it is assumed that the energy used during the _ preparation _ of the experiment is irrelevant to the claim of energy gain. However, I think the preoccupation with "excess heat" has been blinding us to the true significance of the anomalies. The anomalies point to new forms of energy storage and conversion instead of a new form of energy production. Furthermore, if the overriding aim of all nuclear energy research is to give humanity a super fuel then the values of the fossil fuel age will just continue under a different name with a different set of environmentally unsustainable practices. In order to let go of the fossil fuel age a new energy role for the very small needs to be imagined that doesn't involve energy production. (This critique applies to all the variants of the hydrino hypothesis as well.) Harry On Sat, Feb 20, 2016 at 6:41 PM, Mats Lewanwrote: > Harry, regarding heat into electricity conversion, Professor Eli > Yablonovitch of the University of California seems to be doing some > interesting stuff, as a side effect of having found a way to throw out > photons with sub bandgap energy from photovoltaics. > > I’ve seen some hints, like this poster from last year: > http://www.zeplerinstitute.ac.uk/sites/www.zeplerinstitute.ac.uk/files/yablonovitch_lecture_poster_web_0.pdf > > "Thus the effort to reflect band-edge luminescence in solar cells has > serendipitously created the technology to reflect all infrared wavelengths, > which can revolutionize thermo-photovoltaics. We have never before had such > high rear reflectivity for sub-bandgap radiation, permitting step-function > spectral control of the unused infrared photons for the first time. This > enables conversion from heat[iii] to electricity with >50% efficiency. Such > a lightweight “engine” can provide power to electric cars, aerial vehicles, > spacecraft, homes, and stationary power plants.” > > I couldn’t find the full paper though. > > Mats > www.animpossibleinvention.com > > > > On 20 Feb 2016, at 19:30, H LV wrote: > > A typical goal of energy conversion is to convert heat into electricity and > to do it as efficiently as possible. However, if the goal is to convert > electricity into heat the issue of efficiency also arises. > > > An LED is efficient at converting electricity into light but it is > inefficient at converting electricity in to heat. So if you wanted heat and > only had an LED how would you make it more efficient at producing heat? > > Harry > >
[Vo]:the necessary level of competence of the ERV of the TEST
I think Peter posted this message here and at CMNS. Anyway, here is a response. Peter quoted someone (not sure who): "Any report from Rossi will be worthless unless it includes the names of the claimed independent referee which Rossi refers to as "ERV". If this person is an unknown, without flawless credentials, the report is unacceptable. . . ." That is silly. Assuming the reactor is connected to some sort of radiator or ventilation system like any other space heater, then any licensed HVAC engineer who works with large furnaces could do this test. That is their job. It is what they do every day. If the reactor is not connected to a conventional ventilation system then it will cook everyone in the building. This is like saying that only a world-class plumber can replace a kitchen sink. Or only a world-class dentist can fill a cavity. 1 MW is larger than most heaters, but units of this size are used in shopping malls and other large buildings. Every one of them has to be tested on a regular basis. The test procedures reveal how much heat they are producing. For various reasons they can underheat, which can be dangerous. Here is a 70 million btu/hour heating system for a mall. That's 20 MW: https://www.wbdg.org/resources/hvac.php If measuring heat were difficult, or unusual, or something that required the kind of skills you need to operate a Tokamak reactor or a robot explorer on Mars, then yes, you would need a world-class expert. But this is not an arcane skill. Government licensing agencies and the ASME have published detailed guides on how to do this. The procedures are spelled out by law. To get a license you have to pass a test showing you know these procedures. Here are some ASME textbooks: https://www.asme.org/about-asme/standards/performance-test-codes There are 292,000 licensed HVAC engineers in the U.S. Their mean annual salary is $44,000 a year, so they are skilled but they are not rare, highly paid, world-class experts. The engineers who work with large-scale installations could confirm the performance of this reactor in an hour or so with absolute confidence. http://www.bls.gov/ooh/installation-maintenance-and-repair/heating-air-conditioning-and-refrigeration-mechanics-and-installers.htm If HVAC engineers were not capable of testing large heating systems with confidence, then every day dozens of shopping malls and large buildings would explode and burn. People would be asphyxiated with carbon monoxide. I have worked with HVAC engineers from time to time, such as when I installed a heat pump at my house. They know more about calorimetry than, say, the authors of the Lugano report do. They are more qualified to test a 1 MW reactor than a typical physics professor would be. Heck, they are more qualified than the whole physics department tied together. They don't call this "calorimetry" but that's what it is, on a large scale. Of course they know less about this subject than say, Rob Duncan or Mike McKubre, and they do not know much about theory or thermodynamics. Then again, they probably know more theory than you might think. - Jed
[Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!
Bob Higgins-- I had the same thoughts, however, I thought it may have to do with engineering a robust Ni nano particle that would not be damaged so as to shutdown the reaction happening because of the Ni lattice parameters. Bob Cook From: Bob Higgins Sent: Monday, February 22, 2016 11:18 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: Re: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over! The Lugano report states that the ~1g of fuel was poured into the reactor. However, I am told that when the researchers were retrieving a sample of ash, it was firmly attached to the tube walls. The reactor had to be broken open (maybe Rossi did this for them) and the ash sample was scraped off of the inner walls of the alumina reactor tube. It could well be that the 62Ni was already on the walls of the tube before the "fuel" was poured in. This is why it is believed that the researchers were restricted in their dummy runs to low temperature - the 62Ni was on the walls of the reactor already and increasing above a certain temperature in air would damage the real fuel that was already in the reactor. Rossi is known to have purchased 62Ni a few years back from an isotope producer. Also, another source claims to have provided some amount of 62Ni to Rossi. So we know that Rossi obtained some 62Ni. This does not mean that the 62Ni is not bred in Rossi's reactions - it may be that the reaction breeds 62Ni and that could be why Rossi has no need any longer to buy 62Ni. Many in the field claim that there is nothing special about 62Ni from a LENR perspective and this is a ruse by Rossi to keep other researchers distracted. It is likely that during Rossi's early development that he and Focardi explored which isotopes of Ni (if any) were special in the process. MFMP intends to find out by purchasing some 96% enriched 62Ni to run in a Parkhomov-like reactor. The cost to purchase 96% enriched 62Ni is $11.30/mg (milligram), so it is quite expensive. It is produced via multiple passes through a centrifuge using nickel tetracarbonyl liquid. MFMP may put in about $600 worth in an experiment to look for difference compared to natural Ni. On Mon, Feb 22, 2016 at 10:59 AM, Bob Cookwrote: What on earth make Ni-62 a good catalyst?. It would nice to at least to have a suggested catalytic mechanism. As Jones notes, it is a singularity with the highest binding potential energy per nucleon of any nucleons. That means its stable. Maybe it was a required Ni lattice constituent to avoid damage to the lattice and, hence, a productive home for the Li-7 H reaction. I would think that would have to be disclosed in a real patent and not assumed to be state of art knowledge. The Swedish inspection team must have looked at confirming the absence of other isotopes in the ash. Has there been any additional Lugano testing of ash to anybody’s knowledge? Lastly, I find it surprising to expect the purity of Ni-62 found in the Lugano ash consistent with the commercial separation schemes that may have been available to Rossi. Does anybody have a spec for the purity of such an isotope. Jones suggested it would be high at $10,000 per gram. The production planning advertised by Rossi/Industrial heat would have to take Ni-62 expense into account. There is not evidence that this is a consideration to my knowledge. Bob Cook From: Jones Beene Sent: Monday, February 22, 2016 8:17 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re: From: Teslaalset Ø Rossi does not have any obligations to anyone except probably Darden because he invested in his technology development. He is an entrepreneur and not somebody who is paid by society… Give Rossi a bit more credit on what he shares and what he doesn’t share. From his angle it very understandable. I agree with your synopsis – as far as it goes. But there is more to the big picture of understanding what is going on - behind the scenes. We have discussed this before, circa 2013, but never really took the thread about Rossi’s real secret (not-so-secret secret) to its logical conclusion. On the larger stage of commercial reality - Rossi has had no choice but to put the identity of the secret sauce on the table (and then try to hide it in practice by a string of deceptive disinformation). It has been crystal-clear for 3 years that the one and only public detail which is relevant for the successful Rossi-effect reaction, and is protected by Patent - is the use of nickel-62 as the active isotope. Everything else is smoke and mirrors. 62Ni is the only major detail which is protected in Rossi’s granted Italian patent, according to experts, and also it is in the pending EPO application (EP2259998). Rossi’s wife is a top Italian Lawyer, so it can be assumed that she knew the importance of disclosing (and then trying to
[Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
RE: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:I have always assumed that the isotopic concentrations were due to various differential parameters, including magnetic field strengths, during their generation. It is generally assumed that supernovae product the display of isotopes we see around us. And this relative abundance may be due to the number of supernovae that had happened in our galaxy from the beginning. The production of relative stable isotopes as the nucleons gained in mass during production, may have been slowed enough such that the anticipated stable isotopes never got a chance to dominate the abundance chart here in the sun’s solar system or nearby in our galaxy. One added point-- You noted that: <<< “That is where we are now: awaiting the “proof beyond doubt”… and sadly, depending on a very unreliable source to provide it. If one is only concerned with personal enrichment, at the expense of science, then it could take decades to understand this problem to be resolved.”>>> I agree with that conclusion. This is the case with many complicated phenomena or even rational assemblage of ideas. Where profit, or getting ahead, or merely superiority over someone or ones is involved, getting to the truth, either factual or logically, may take decades, if not centuries given the nature of humanity to accept dogma as truth or being logically founded. The trick is how to get to the truth or logical conclusion of an issue, in this case a potentially colossal disruptive invention, fast. It takes social engineering and BENEVOLENT market manipulation IMHO. I think Rossi and IH consider that the latter scheme is the most likely to succeed considering Rossi’s statements in the past to flood the market with cheap E-Cats before the competition can get a foot hold and change things to their liking—probably at the expense of increased cost to humanity. Look today at how the big energy interests are attempting to stymie net metering of roof-top solar generated electricity in many states on the heals of the shutdown of solar R at Golden CO in the early 1980’s. Contending with the energy-government complex can be a daunting task. Bob Cook From: Jones Beene Sent: Monday, February 22, 2016 10:43 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re: From: Bob Cook Ø Ø What on earth make Ni-62 a good catalyst?. It would nice to at least to have a suggested catalytic mechanism… it is a singularity with the highest binding potential energy per nucleon of any nucleons. That means it’s stable. Yes, a lot of thought has gone into this mystery. Why should the most stable isotope in the periodic table be the one which is active for gain in the Rossi effect? That runs contrary to commons sense about nuclear stability. Without going back to billions of years to nucleogenesis (in a putative big bang), here is a partial explanation which is “out of the box” so to speak (hopefully not Pandora’s box). Think about what makes an isotope not only stable, but the most stable. Obviously it is a peak in binding energy. Next, and this is most important - consider that 62Ni is NOT the most abundant isotope of nickel, far from it. In fact, it is only 3.6% of the natural abundance. Logic would seem to indicate that if it was the most stable nucleus in the periodic table, then nickel should be almost all this isotope instead of only a tiny fraction. When you consider both of these facts together, it becomes possible to consider that binding energy itself can reach a peak which is superfluous to long-term nucleon stability and even counter-productive – in the sense that it is “too stable.” In short this is saying that binding energy and nucleon stability are not in a linear and predictable relationship but in a progression which ‘flips’ and becomes negative. I realize that this is not the answer you are looking for, and everyone wants to know precisely how “superfluous binding energy” gets translated into thermal gain. Is it via a reaction with lithium or with hydrogen? I do not pretend to know that mechanism, but it is clear to me that when we are talking about roughly 8.8 MeV of binding energy, then it could easily be possible to remove several hundred keV per nucleus without changing the identity of the isotope. If nuclear stability maximizes at say 8.5 MeV, then there is a lot of excess to share. Answering that question is why LENR needs and deserves funding in the $10 billion per annum range – once the effect is proved beyond doubt. As of now, there is still a reasonable chance that it is a sophisticated scam. That is where we are now: awaiting the “proof beyond doubt”… and sadly, depending on a very unreliable source to provide it. If one is only concerned with personal enrichment, at the expense of science, then it could take decades to understand this
Re: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!
The Lugano report states that the ~1g of fuel was poured into the reactor. However, I am told that when the researchers were retrieving a sample of ash, it was firmly attached to the tube walls. The reactor had to be broken open (maybe Rossi did this for them) and the ash sample was scraped off of the inner walls of the alumina reactor tube. It could well be that the 62Ni was already on the walls of the tube before the "fuel" was poured in. This is why it is believed that the researchers were restricted in their dummy runs to low temperature - the 62Ni was on the walls of the reactor already and increasing above a certain temperature in air would damage the real fuel that was already in the reactor. Rossi is known to have purchased 62Ni a few years back from an isotope producer. Also, another source claims to have provided some amount of 62Ni to Rossi. So we know that Rossi obtained some 62Ni. This does not mean that the 62Ni is not bred in Rossi's reactions - it may be that the reaction breeds 62Ni and that could be why Rossi has no need any longer to buy 62Ni. Many in the field claim that there is nothing special about 62Ni from a LENR perspective and this is a ruse by Rossi to keep other researchers distracted. It is likely that during Rossi's early development that he and Focardi explored which isotopes of Ni (if any) were special in the process. MFMP intends to find out by purchasing some 96% enriched 62Ni to run in a Parkhomov-like reactor. The cost to purchase 96% enriched 62Ni is $11.30/mg (milligram), so it is quite expensive. It is produced via multiple passes through a centrifuge using nickel tetracarbonyl liquid. MFMP may put in about $600 worth in an experiment to look for difference compared to natural Ni. On Mon, Feb 22, 2016 at 10:59 AM, Bob Cookwrote: > What on earth make Ni-62 a good catalyst?. It would nice to at least to > have a suggested catalytic mechanism. > > As Jones notes, it is a singularity with the highest binding potential > energy per nucleon of any nucleons. That means its stable. Maybe it was a > required Ni lattice constituent to avoid damage to the lattice and, hence, > a productive home for the Li-7 H reaction. I would think that would have > to be disclosed in a real patent and not assumed to be state of art > knowledge. > > The Swedish inspection team must have looked at confirming the absence of > other isotopes in the ash. Has there been any additional Lugano testing of > ash to anybody’s knowledge? > > Lastly, I find it surprising to expect the purity of Ni-62 found in the > Lugano ash consistent with the commercial separation schemes that may have > been available to Rossi. Does anybody have a spec for the purity of such > an isotope. Jones suggested it would be high at $10,000 per gram. > > The production planning advertised by Rossi/Industrial heat would have to > take Ni-62 expense into account. There is not evidence that this is a > consideration to my knowledge. > > Bob Cook > > *From:* Jones Beene > *Sent:* Monday, February 22, 2016 8:17 AM > *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com > *Subject:* RE: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test > over!Re: > > > *From:* Teslaalset > > Ø Rossi does not have any obligations to anyone except probably > Darden because he invested in his technology development. He is an > entrepreneur and not somebody who is paid by society… Give Rossi a bit > more credit on what he shares and what he doesn’t share. From his angle it > very understandable. > > I agree with your synopsis – as far as it goes. But there is more to the > big picture of understanding what is going on - behind the scenes. We > have discussed this before, circa 2013, but never really took the thread > about Rossi’s real secret (not-so-secret secret) to its logical conclusion > . > > On the larger stage of commercial reality - Rossi has had no choice but > to put the identity of the secret sauce on the table (and then try to hide > it in practice by a string of deceptive disinformation). It has been > crystal-clear for 3 years that the one and only public detail which is > relevant for the successful Rossi-effect reaction, and is protected by > Patent - is the use of nickel-62 as the active isotope. Everything else > is smoke and mirrors. > > 62Ni is the only major detail which is protected in Rossi’s granted > Italian patent, according to experts, and also it is in the pending EPO > application (EP2259998). Rossi’s wife is a top Italian Lawyer, so it can > be assumed that she knew the importance of disclosing (and then trying to > cover-up) the one critical detail – the active ingredient. Yet, the > requirement for the rare isotope could now be the thorn in Rossi’s heel, > since it is expensive and renders the entire device commercially > non-competitive, if no substitute is found. > > Rossi has tried to gloss-over this fact in the past - by claiming that he > could enrich bulk
RE: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
From: Bob Cook * * What on earth make Ni-62 a good catalyst?. It would nice to at least to have a suggested catalytic mechanism… it is a singularity with the highest binding potential energy per nucleon of any nucleons. That means it’s stable. Yes, a lot of thought has gone into this mystery. Why should the most stable isotope in the periodic table be the one which is active for gain in the Rossi effect? That runs contrary to commons sense about nuclear stability. Without going back to billions of years to nucleogenesis (in a putative big bang), here is a partial explanation which is “out of the box” so to speak (hopefully not Pandora’s box). Think about what makes an isotope not only stable, but the most stable. Obviously it is a peak in binding energy. Next, and this is most important - consider that 62Ni is NOT the most abundant isotope of nickel, far from it. In fact, it is only 3.6% of the natural abundance. Logic would seem to indicate that if it was the most stable nucleus in the periodic table, then nickel should be almost all this isotope instead of only a tiny fraction. When you consider both of these facts together, it becomes possible to consider that binding energy itself can reach a peak which is superfluous to long-term nucleon stability and even counter-productive – in the sense that it is “too stable.” In short this is saying that binding energy and nucleon stability are not in a linear and predictable relationship but in a progression which ‘flips’ and becomes negative. I realize that this is not the answer you are looking for, and everyone wants to know precisely how “superfluous binding energy” gets translated into thermal gain. Is it via a reaction with lithium or with hydrogen? I do not pretend to know that mechanism, but it is clear to me that when we are talking about roughly 8.8 MeV of binding energy, then it could easily be possible to remove several hundred keV per nucleus without changing the identity of the isotope. If nuclear stability maximizes at say 8.5 MeV, then there is a lot of excess to share. Answering that question is why LENR needs and deserves funding in the $10 billion per annum range – once the effect is proved beyond doubt. As of now, there is still a reasonable chance that it is a sophisticated scam. That is where we are now: awaiting the “proof beyond doubt”… and sadly, depending on a very unreliable source to provide it. If one is only concerned with personal enrichment, at the expense of science, then it could take decades to understand this problem to be resolved. Jones
Re: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
RE: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:Eric and Bob Higgins comments comments on tests regarding the issue of Ni-62 can be found at the following Vortex-l thread: Fri, 02 Oct 2015 20:33:07 –0700 Bob Cook From: Bob Cook Sent: Monday, February 22, 2016 9:59 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: [Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re: What on earth make Ni-62 a good catalyst?. It would nice to at least to have a suggested catalytic mechanism. As Jones notes, it is a singularity with the highest binding potential energy per nucleon of any nucleons. That means its stable. Maybe it was a required Ni lattice constituent to avoid damage to the lattice and, hence, a productive home for the Li-7 H reaction. I would think that would have to be disclosed in a real patent and not assumed to be state of art knowledge. The Swedish inspection team must have looked at confirming the absence of other isotopes in the ash. Has there been any additional Lugano testing of ash to anybody’s knowledge? Lastly, I find it surprising to expect the purity of Ni-62 found in the Lugano ash consistent with the commercial separation schemes that may have been available to Rossi. Does anybody have a spec for the purity of such an isotope. Jones suggested its cost would be high at $10,000 per gram. The production planning advertised by Rossi/Industrial heat would have to take Ni-62 expense into account. There is not evidence that this is a consideration to my knowledge. Bob Cook From: Jones Beene Sent: Monday, February 22, 2016 8:17 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re: From: Teslaalset Ø Rossi does not have any obligations to anyone except probably Darden because he invested in his technology development. He is an entrepreneur and not somebody who is paid by society… Give Rossi a bit more credit on what he shares and what he doesn’t share. From his angle it very understandable. I agree with your synopsis – as far as it goes. But there is more to the big picture of understanding what is going on - behind the scenes. We have discussed this before, circa 2013, but never really took the thread about Rossi’s real secret (not-so-secret secret) to its logical conclusion. On the larger stage of commercial reality - Rossi has had no choice but to put the identity of the secret sauce on the table (and then try to hide it in practice by a string of deceptive disinformation). It has been crystal-clear for 3 years that the one and only public detail which is relevant for the successful Rossi-effect reaction, and is protected by Patent - is the use of nickel-62 as the active isotope. Everything else is smoke and mirrors. 62Ni is the only major detail which is protected in Rossi’s granted Italian patent, according to experts, and also it is in the pending EPO application (EP2259998). Rossi’s wife is a top Italian Lawyer, so it can be assumed that she knew the importance of disclosing (and then trying to cover-up) the one critical detail – the active ingredient. Yet, the requirement for the rare isotope could now be the thorn in Rossi’s heel, since it is expensive and renders the entire device commercially non-competitive, if no substitute is found. Rossi has tried to gloss-over this fact in the past - by claiming that he could enrich bulk nickel in this isotope cheaply. Can he? It is clear from the Lugano report that he ran the test with a reactor (one of 3 which he brought) which contained pure isotope at the start, in the hope of throwing competitors off-guard by claiming that the reaction produced it in pure form - as ash! Wow – what a brilliant deception. Hats off to AR. Most surprising is that many observers, including Levi and his crew, actually bought into this ridiculous falsehood. The Lugano reactor did not produce nickel-62 as ash, which is what AR wants the world to believe. The nearly pure isotope was there from the start. One of the remaining reactors which Rossi brought to Lugano (of 3) was indeed opened to show the “starting fuel” content - but of course, this one had no isotopic enrichment. That is the crux of the deception which has lingered on for years. Brilliant. The reliance on a rare and expensive isotope is why Craven’s started the thread below some time ago – trying to find a logical substitute based on the physical parameter of 62Ni which makes it unique (ironically: it is high nuclear binding energy). In fact 62Ni is a singularity in the periodic table, but its characteristics are almost the same as an iron isotope. https://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l%40eskimo.com/msg80458.html So – in conclusion – the LENR “surprise” in the upcoming report is very likely to be partially hidden away, once again. Since the year-long report will be positive in terms of gain – that will divert attention from the big
[Vo]:Re: the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
RE: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:What on earth make Ni-62 a good catalyst?. It would nice to at least to have a suggested catalytic mechanism. As Jones notes, it is a singularity with the highest binding potential energy per nucleon of any nucleons. That means its stable. Maybe it was a required Ni lattice constituent to avoid damage to the lattice and, hence, a productive home for the Li-7 H reaction. I would think that would have to be disclosed in a real patent and not assumed to be state of art knowledge. The Swedish inspection team must have looked at confirming the absence of other isotopes in the ash. Has there been any additional Lugano testing of ash to anybody’s knowledge? Lastly, I find it surprising to expect the purity of Ni-62 found in the Lugano ash consistent with the commercial separation schemes that may have been available to Rossi. Does anybody have a spec for the purity of such an isotope. Jones suggested it would be high at $10,000 per gram. The production planning advertised by Rossi/Industrial heat would have to take Ni-62 expense into account. There is not evidence that this is a consideration to my knowledge. Bob Cook From: Jones Beene Sent: Monday, February 22, 2016 8:17 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re: From: Teslaalset Ø Rossi does not have any obligations to anyone except probably Darden because he invested in his technology development. He is an entrepreneur and not somebody who is paid by society… Give Rossi a bit more credit on what he shares and what he doesn’t share. From his angle it very understandable. I agree with your synopsis – as far as it goes. But there is more to the big picture of understanding what is going on - behind the scenes. We have discussed this before, circa 2013, but never really took the thread about Rossi’s real secret (not-so-secret secret) to its logical conclusion. On the larger stage of commercial reality - Rossi has had no choice but to put the identity of the secret sauce on the table (and then try to hide it in practice by a string of deceptive disinformation). It has been crystal-clear for 3 years that the one and only public detail which is relevant for the successful Rossi-effect reaction, and is protected by Patent - is the use of nickel-62 as the active isotope. Everything else is smoke and mirrors. 62Ni is the only major detail which is protected in Rossi’s granted Italian patent, according to experts, and also it is in the pending EPO application (EP2259998). Rossi’s wife is a top Italian Lawyer, so it can be assumed that she knew the importance of disclosing (and then trying to cover-up) the one critical detail – the active ingredient. Yet, the requirement for the rare isotope could now be the thorn in Rossi’s heel, since it is expensive and renders the entire device commercially non-competitive, if no substitute is found. Rossi has tried to gloss-over this fact in the past - by claiming that he could enrich bulk nickel in this isotope cheaply. Can he? It is clear from the Lugano report that he ran the test with a reactor (one of 3 which he brought) which contained pure isotope at the start, in the hope of throwing competitors off-guard by claiming that the reaction produced it in pure form - as ash! Wow – what a brilliant deception. Hats off to AR. Most surprising is that many observers, including Levi and his crew, actually bought into this ridiculous falsehood. The Lugano reactor did not produce nickel-62 as ash, which is what AR wants the world to believe. The nearly pure isotope was there from the start. One of the remaining reactors which Rossi brought to Lugano (of 3) was indeed opened to show the “starting fuel” content - but of course, this one had no isotopic enrichment. That is the crux of the deception which has lingered on for years. Brilliant. The reliance on a rare and expensive isotope is why Craven’s started the thread below some time ago – trying to find a logical substitute based on the physical parameter of 62Ni which makes it unique (ironically: it is high nuclear binding energy). In fact 62Ni is a singularity in the periodic table, but its characteristics are almost the same as an iron isotope. https://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l%40eskimo.com/msg80458.html So – in conclusion – the LENR “surprise” in the upcoming report is very likely to be partially hidden away, once again. Since the year-long report will be positive in terms of gain – that will divert attention from the big problem. The report will probably not show that the secret sauce – the one which allowed it all to happen, is a rare isotope which costs around $10,000 per gram, unless you make it yourself. But the accolades and “told-you-so” boasts from the Rossi fan-boys could regrettably cover up the hidden reality… that the emperor has no
[Vo]:Think Pink
NASA's Pink X-15 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n-dtqDirCS0 Harry
[Vo]:the necessary level of competence of the ERV of the TEST
http://egooutpeters.blogspot.ro/2016/02/feb-22-2016-lenr-how-competent-must-be.html and a rumor of a surprise... developing Peter -- Dr. Peter Gluck Cluj, Romania http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com
Re: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
On Mon, Feb 22, 2016 at 10:17 AM, Jones Beenewrote: The Lugano reactor did not produce nickel-62 as ash, which is what AR wants > the world to believe. The nearly pure isotope was there from the start. What you say may be true. Bob Higgins's interpretation of the strange Lugano ash assay result, where one is led to believe that all nickel transmuted to 62Ni, but really didn't, because the samples were unrepresentative, is consistent with this. Here's another take on the larger context, however: the 62Ni could in fact be a byproduct of whatever is releasing heat in the system. Rossi had a series of analyses done and noted a correlation between heat and 62Ni. Mistaking correlation with causation, he concluded, or tentatively concluded, that 62Ni is doing something, and so has behaved in a manner consistent with this understanding ever since. In this scenario, a more thorough analysis would show that 62Ni is, in fact, just a byproduct, contrary to the understanding that led Rossi to purchase the 62Ni and include it in the fuel (assuming this is what has happened). Eric
Re: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
I don't get it. Dump the 1 MW of heat energy into an Olympic sized swimming pool and in a few days it would be uncomfortably hot.. in 9 days the whole pool would be boiling. If he used diesel for the input energy, the test would be conclusive in days. What are they doing for the other 11 months? That said, anyone know where the test was run? Where the heat energy was supposed to go? The input (natural gas or electricity?) Does Rossi have other units running, and if so, where? I'm heading to FL and happy to knock on a few doors or look for massive quantities of steam. The only thing I can think of is that results look convincing with thermocouples and IR cameras, but for some reason,extracting the energy is proving impossible... which would explain positive "reports" and zero proof. - Brad On Mon, Feb 22, 2016 at 7:39 AM, Jed Rothwellwrote: > Teslaalset wrote: > >> Rossi does not have any obligations to anyone except probably Darden >> because he invested in his technology development. He is an entrepreneur and >> not somebody who is payed by society. What he tells us and what he doesn’t >> tell us is up to him. > > > I agree. That is what I said. However, I think he makes a big mistake when > he does half-assed public tests and then publishes incomplete, > poorly-written descriptions of them. Of course he has a right to do this. Of > course it is up to him. But it is still a stupid thing to do. It hurts his > credibility and it makes the whole field look bad to some extent, so I wish > he would cut it out. > > It is ironic, but in some ways his tests have been better than the published > descriptions of them indicate. He could have made a more convincing case for > himself just by publishing more details. For example, in one test, he used > flow calorimetry. He listed the approximate flow rate in the report, with no > indication of how it was measured. I asked him how he measured the flow > rate. He did not respond so I asked other people who were involved. No one > responded. Other people asked -- still no response. This made the entire > test questionable. A flow rate might vary without your noticing it. In the > past, he said he measured the flow rate with a bucket and a stopwatch > periodically. This is a good idea but it is not adequate for a multi-hour or > multi-day test. Plus you have to say how periodically, how many times, and > what the results were. > > Several months after this, someone pointed out to me that a photograph > showed a flowmeter attached to the equipment. I zoomed in, read the make and > model, and looked up the specifications. It was a conventional residential > digital water meter; a low-flow model often used in apartment complexes. > These meters are very reliable. This model is precise enough to give a good > answer in the range of claimed heat. Like all water meters it records both > flow and volume. In short, it was an excellent choice for this test. So, WHY > DIDN'T THEY LIST IT IN THE REPORT?!? For crying out loud! > > Really, what is with that??? Were they trying to make themselves look bad? > Is McKubre right, and is Rossi deliberately trying to make his own results > look doubtful? Jim Patterson used to do that; it is not out of the question. > I don't know. I cannot read Rossi's mind. I can only say that in my opinion > and in the opinions of most people I know in business, this is a stupid, > counterproductive, self-destructive thing to do. > > - Jed >
RE: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
From: Teslaalset * Rossi does not have any obligations to anyone except probably Darden because he invested in his technology development. He is an entrepreneur and not somebody who is paid by society… Give Rossi a bit more credit on what he shares and what he doesn’t share. From his angle it very understandable. I agree with your synopsis – as far as it goes. But there is more to the big picture of understanding what is going on - behind the scenes. We have discussed this before, circa 2013, but never really took the thread about Rossi’s real secret (not-so-secret secret) to its logical conclusion. On the larger stage of commercial reality - Rossi has had no choice but to put the identity of the secret sauce on the table (and then try to hide it in practice by a string of deceptive disinformation). It has been crystal-clear for 3 years that the one and only public detail which is relevant for the successful Rossi-effect reaction, and is protected by Patent - is the use of nickel-62 as the active isotope. Everything else is smoke and mirrors. 62Ni is the only major detail which is protected in Rossi’s granted Italian patent, according to experts, and also it is in the pending EPO application (EP2259998). Rossi’s wife is a top Italian Lawyer, so it can be assumed that she knew the importance of disclosing (and then trying to cover-up) the one critical detail – the active ingredient. Yet, the requirement for the rare isotope could now be the thorn in Rossi’s heel, since it is expensive and renders the entire device commercially non-competitive, if no substitute is found. Rossi has tried to gloss-over this fact in the past - by claiming that he could enrich bulk nickel in this isotope cheaply. Can he? It is clear from the Lugano report that he ran the test with a reactor (one of 3 which he brought) which contained pure isotope at the start, in the hope of throwing competitors off-guard by claiming that the reaction produced it in pure form - as ash! Wow – what a brilliant deception. Hats off to AR. Most surprising is that many observers, including Levi and his crew, actually bought into this ridiculous falsehood. The Lugano reactor did not produce nickel-62 as ash, which is what AR wants the world to believe. The nearly pure isotope was there from the start. One of the remaining reactors which Rossi brought to Lugano (of 3) was indeed opened to show the “starting fuel” content - but of course, this one had no isotopic enrichment. That is the crux of the deception which has lingered on for years. Brilliant. The reliance on a rare and expensive isotope is why Craven’s started the thread below some time ago – trying to find a logical substitute based on the physical parameter of 62Ni which makes it unique (ironically: it is high nuclear binding energy). In fact 62Ni is a singularity in the periodic table, but its characteristics are almost the same as an iron isotope. https://www.mail-archive.com/vortex-l%40eskimo.com/msg80458.html So – in conclusion – the LENR “surprise” in the upcoming report is very likely to be partially hidden away, once again. Since the year-long report will be positive in terms of gain – that will divert attention from the big problem. The report will probably not show that the secret sauce – the one which allowed it all to happen, is a rare isotope which costs around $10,000 per gram, unless you make it yourself. But the accolades and “told-you-so” boasts from the Rossi fan-boys could regrettably cover up the hidden reality… that the emperor has no (commercial) clothes. If there is happy note which can arise from the year-long test, it will be that Rossi finally discloses the resolution to the problem: which is that he has indeed found an inexpensive way to enrich the nickel fuel cheaply in the active isotope. Chances of that happening are slim. Jones
Re: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
Teslaalsetwrote: Rossi does not have any obligations to anyone except probably Darden > because he invested in his technology development. He is an entrepreneur > and not somebody who is payed by society. What he tells us and what he > doesn’t tell us is up to him. > I agree. That is what I said. However, I think he makes a big mistake when he does half-assed public tests and then publishes incomplete, poorly-written descriptions of them. Of course he has a right to do this. Of course it is up to him. But it is still a stupid thing to do. It hurts his credibility and it makes the whole field look bad to some extent, so I wish he would cut it out. It is ironic, but in some ways his tests have been better than the published descriptions of them indicate. He could have made a more convincing case for himself just by publishing more details. For example, in one test, he used flow calorimetry. He listed the approximate flow rate in the report, with no indication of how it was measured. I asked him how he measured the flow rate. He did not respond so I asked other people who were involved. No one responded. Other people asked -- still no response. This made the entire test questionable. A flow rate might vary without your noticing it. In the past, he said he measured the flow rate with a bucket and a stopwatch periodically. This is a good idea but it is not adequate for a multi-hour or multi-day test. Plus you have to say how periodically, how many times, and what the results were. Several months after this, someone pointed out to me that a photograph showed a flowmeter attached to the equipment. I zoomed in, read the make and model, and looked up the specifications. It was a conventional residential digital water meter; a low-flow model often used in apartment complexes. These meters are very reliable. This model is precise enough to give a good answer in the range of claimed heat. Like all water meters it records both flow and volume. In short, it was an excellent choice for this test. So, WHY DIDN'T THEY LIST IT IN THE REPORT?!? For crying out loud! Really, what is with that??? Were they trying to make themselves look bad? Is McKubre right, and is Rossi deliberately trying to make his own results look doubtful? Jim Patterson used to do that; it is not out of the question. I don't know. I cannot read Rossi's mind. I can only say that in my opinion and in the opinions of most people I know in business, this is a stupid, counterproductive, self-destructive thing to do. - Jed
Re: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
Rossi does not have any obligations to anyone except probably Darden because he invested in his technology development. He is an entrepreneur and not somebody who is payed by society. What he tells us and what he doesn’t tell us is up to him. The field he is trying to explore is unique and started by pure experimenting things. Some of his findings contradict conclusions on earlier ones. Some find that amateuristic and unreliable but in fact it is quite understandable if you think about it for a moment. >From what currently has been shared by Rossi it’s very clear that the core principle of creating LENR his way is extremely simple compared to what the ITR community is doing. Rossi understands very well that it will be very hard for him to control the market with his technology. Secondly he, in the mean time, also knows that this technology is so new and not well understood that his progression is mainly based on trial and error, so sharing all details will compromise his reputation if there is lot of contradiction in his shared insights. An example of that can be noticed from the patent applications he has filed so far. Originally he indicated that nickel powder requires a catalyst, later he claims that nickel powder is the catalyst. This shows he’s still building up knowledge. I bet there will be completely new claims to follow that may contradict some of his earlier ones. Give Rossi a bit more credit on what he shares and what he doesn’t share. >From his angle it very understandable. On Sun, Feb 21, 2016 at 11:02 PM, Jed Rothwellwrote: > Russ George wrote: > > What part of my qualifying word about Rossi’s test “as openly” did you not >> understand. >> > > I understand perfectly, but I disagree. He has not been very open. He has > repeatedly withheld critical details. He has refused to answer questions, > or to allow qualified people to attend his demonstrations. Other > researchers have been more open than this. > > As I said, he has no obligation to be open. No one could object if he kept > everything secret. But, if you are going to be open, and you wish to > establish credibility, I think you should be more forthcoming than he has > been. Assuming the machine works as claimed, it would not be difficult to > do a definitive test with many qualified witnesses. Of course it might not > work on the day you try to do a test. In that case, you try again some > other day. > > I do not see the point of doing a demonstration if you do not wish to > establish credibility. I think you should either do a good job, or do > nothing. > > > >> I see no complaints about Rossi’s work coming from those who have a >> history of work at the lab bench as opposed to the keyboards. >> > > Many professional and academic scientists in this field have complained > about Rossi. Most of them have the same objections I do: the tests are > often sloppy and poorly documented. > > > >> I am all for an open society, let’s begin with the revelation of all >> computer code everywhere. >> > > Open source code is very popular these days. > > Rossi is engaged in commercial development, so obviously he cannot reveal > technical details before he files a patent application. However, there is > no need to reveal such details. IBM, Intel and many other companies > demonstrate products in a convincing fashion without revealing technical > details. Rossi could easily convince expert observers by doing good > calorimetry with a black-box device. Many people have urged him to do that, > but he refuses. > > McKubre speculates that Rossi does not want to establish credibility. He > wants there to be a margin of doubt about his work, to reduce competition. > Perhaps that is true. I wouldn't know, and I will not speculate about the > reasons. But I am sure this is deliberate. Rossi told me repeatedly that he > will not allow "tests" but only demonstrations. He told me he will do > nothing to improve the calorimetry. Many qualified people have recommended > improvements. He categorically refused to consider these suggestions. > Again, let me reaffirm that he has every right to do things his way, and to > refuse advice, but his credibility suffers because of it. > > I am talking about the calorimetry in his public demonstrations. I have no > knowledge of the calorimetry in his lab or in the 1-year test. > > - Jed > >
[Vo]:Re: [Vo]:the expected LENR Surprise Rossi's long time test over!Re:
My guess is that this test is to determine if the customer is going to convert an entire factory boilers to this unproven technology. Probably to decide whether to make a $50,000,000 investment or more. Probably doesn't care how it works. :-) Sent from my Verizon Wireless 4G LTE Smartphone