Re: [Vo]:Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin

[mixent]

In reply to  Axil Axil's message of Sun, 6 Jul 2014 13:59:19 -0400:
Hi,
[snip]
>http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.012001
>
>Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin

No, it just means they rotate. The magnetic field would come from the rotation
of the quarks.

>
>It looks like polarized gluons produce most of the spin of the proton. That
>means that the gluons are magnetic entities.
>
>A magnetic field applied to the proton could disrupt the polarization of
>the gluons and therefore the strong force that keeps protons and neutrons
>together in the nucleus.
>
>There is an intimate relationship between the strong force, magnetic force,
>and the gluon that might underpin LENR reactions at the most basic level.
>
>.
Regards,

Robin van Spaandonk

http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html

Re: [Vo]:Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin

[Axil Axil]

>From the referenced article:



The quarks have spin 1/2, so physicists originally assumed that two of the
quarks were in opposite alignment (cancelling their spin), leaving one
unpaired quark to give the proton spin. However, measurements of
muon-proton collisions found only a quarter of the proton’s spin comes from
quark spins. The rest has to come from gluon spins and/or the orbital
motion of quarks and gluons inside the proton.



I referenced this article to show that gluons have spin and/or can produce
spin.

I believe that the standard model doctrinaire on gluon interactions that
gluons can not interact with photons.

I don't understand how a gluons can demonstrate magnetic properties(spin)
and at the same time be unable to interact with photons.

However, this paper:

Exclusive Physics at the Tevatron
 shows photon/gluon interactions:

http://arxiv.org/pdf/1006.0204.pdf


On Mon, Jul 7, 2014 at 6:03 PM,  wrote:

> In reply to  Axil Axil's message of Sun, 6 Jul 2014 13:59:19 -0400:
> Hi,
> [snip]
> >http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.012001
> >
> >Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin
>
> No, it just means they rotate. The magnetic field would come from the
> rotation
> of the quarks.
>
> >
> >It looks like polarized gluons produce most of the spin of the proton.
> That
> >means that the gluons are magnetic entities.
> >
> >A magnetic field applied to the proton could disrupt the polarization of
> >the gluons and therefore the strong force that keeps protons and neutrons
> >together in the nucleus.
> >
> >There is an intimate relationship between the strong force, magnetic
> force,
> >and the gluon that might underpin LENR reactions at the most basic level.
> >
> >.
> Regards,
>
> Robin van Spaandonk
>
> http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
>
>

Re: [Vo]:Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin

[Axil Axil]

It is my contention that one of the many mechanisms of magnetic based LENR
reactions is that  photons (magnetic) can pump energy into the
proton(and/or neutron) to the point where gluons in the proton(s) and/or
neutrons(s) will get to and surpass an energy saturation level. At  that
point of saturation, these *Hadron(s)* will form a  gluon/quark plasma from
which a new element will reform upon cooling (energy transfer back to the
magnetic soliton).
This mechanism is one of the most energy intensive LENR reactions and is
only seen in the Ni/H reactor.

I believe that this contention is new physics beyond the standard model.





On Mon, Jul 7, 2014 at 7:42 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> From the referenced article:
>
> 
>
> The quarks have spin 1/2, so physicists originally assumed that two of the
> quarks were in opposite alignment (cancelling their spin), leaving one
> unpaired quark to give the proton spin. However, measurements of
> muon-proton collisions found only a quarter of the proton’s spin comes from
> quark spins. The rest has to come from gluon spins and/or the orbital
> motion of quarks and gluons inside the proton.
>
> 
>
> I referenced this article to show that gluons have spin and/or can produce
> spin.
>
> I believe that the standard model doctrinaire on gluon interactions that
> gluons can not interact with photons.
>
> I don't understand how a gluons can demonstrate magnetic properties(spin)
> and at the same time be unable to interact with photons.
>
> However, this paper:
>
> Exclusive Physics at the Tevatron
>  shows photon/gluon interactions:
>
> http://arxiv.org/pdf/1006.0204.pdf
>
>
> On Mon, Jul 7, 2014 at 6:03 PM,  wrote:
>
>> In reply to  Axil Axil's message of Sun, 6 Jul 2014 13:59:19 -0400:
>> Hi,
>> [snip]
>> >http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.012001
>> >
>> >Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin
>>
>> No, it just means they rotate. The magnetic field would come from the
>> rotation
>> of the quarks.
>>
>> >
>> >It looks like polarized gluons produce most of the spin of the proton.
>> That
>> >means that the gluons are magnetic entities.
>> >
>> >A magnetic field applied to the proton could disrupt the polarization of
>> >the gluons and therefore the strong force that keeps protons and neutrons
>> >together in the nucleus.
>> >
>> >There is an intimate relationship between the strong force, magnetic
>> force,
>> >and the gluon that might underpin LENR reactions at the most basic level.
>> >
>> >.
>> Regards,
>>
>> Robin van Spaandonk
>>
>> http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
>>
>>
>

Re: [Vo]:Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin

[Axil Axil]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_spin_crisis

The Proton Spin Crisis

The *proton spin crisis* (sometimes called the "proton spin puzzle") was a
theoretical crisis precipitated by an experiment in 1987 which tried to
detect spin configuration of the proton. The experiment was carried out by
the European Muon Collaboration (EMC).

Physicists expected that the quarks carry all the proton spin. However, not
only was the total proton spin carried by quarks far smaller than 100%,
these results were consistent with almost zero proton spin being carried by
quarks. This surprising and puzzling result was termed the "proton spin
crisis". The problem is still considered one of the most important unsolved
problems in physics.

Background

A key question is how the nucleon's spin is distributed amongst its
constituent partons (quarks and gluons). Physicists originally expected
that quarks carry all of the nucleon spin.

According to quantum chromodynamics, the proton is built from two *up* and
one *down* quark, gluons and possibly additional pairs of quark and
anti-quark.] 
The ruling assumption was that since the proton is stable, then it exists
in the lowest possible energy level. Therefore, it was expected that the
quark's wave function is the spherically symmetric s-wave with no spatial
contribution to angular momentum. The proton is, like each of its quarks, a
spin-1/2 particle. Therefore, it was assumed that two of the quarks have
opposite spins and the spin of the third quark is parallel to the proton
spin.
The experiment

In this EMC experiment, a quark of a polarized proton target was hit by a
polarized muon beam, and the quark's instantaneous spin was measured. In a
polarized proton target, all the protons' spin take the same direction, and
therefore it was expected that the spin of two out of the three quarks
cancels out and the spin of the third quark is polarized in the direction
of the proton's spin. Thus, the sum of the quarks' spin was expected to be
equal to the proton's spin.

However, it was found in this EMC experiment that the number of quarks with
spin in the proton's spin direction was almost the same as the number of
quarks whose spin was in the opposite direction. This is the proton spin
crisis. Similar results have been obtained in later experiments.
Recent work

A 2008 work shows that more than half of the spin of the proton stems from
the motion of its quarks, and the missing spin is produced by the quarks'
spatial angular momentum]
 This work
uses relativistic effects together with other QCD properties and explains
how they boil down to an overall spatial angular momentum that is
consistent with the experimental data.

This opinion is more recently preempted by the recent article referenced
earlier in the thread. The take away: nobody really knows where the protons
spin comes from yet.



However, using more recent RHIC results, Daniel de Florian of the
University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and his colleagues find a nonzero
gluon polarization. More data is still needed at low momentum, but the
current best fit suggests that as much as half of the proton’s spin comes
from gluon spins

>EndSnip>




On Mon, Jul 7, 2014 at 8:21 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> It is my contention that one of the many mechanisms of magnetic based LENR
> reactions is that  photons (magnetic) can pump energy into the
> proton(and/or neutron) to the point where gluons in the proton(s) and/or
> neutrons(s) will get to and surpass an energy saturation level. At  that
> point of saturation, these *Hadron(s)* will form a  gluon/quark plasma
> from which a new element will reform upon cooling (energy transfer back to
> the magnetic soliton).
> This mechanism is one of the most energy intensive LENR reactions and is
> only seen in the Ni/H reactor.
>
> I believe that this contention is new physics beyond the standard model.
>
>
>
>
>
> On Mon, Jul 7, 2014 at 7:42 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:
>
>> From the referenced article:
>>
>> 
>>
>> The quarks have spin 1/2, so physicists originally assumed that two of
>> the quarks were in opposite alignment (cancelling their spin), leaving one
>> unpaired quark to give the proton spin. However, measurements of
>> muon-proton collisions found only a quarter of the proton’s spin comes from
>> quark spins. The rest has to come from gluon spins and/or the orbital
>> motion of quarks and gluons inside the proton.
>>
>> 
>>
>> I referenced this article to show that gluons have spin and/or can
>> produce spin.
>>
>> I believe that the standard model doctrinaire on gluon interactions that
>> gluons can not interact with photons.
>>
>> I don't understand how a gluons can demonstrate magnetic properties(spin)
>> and at the same time be unable to interact with photons.
>>
>> However, this paper:
>>
>> Exclusive Physics at the Tevatron
>>  shows photon/gluon interactions:
>>
>> htt

Re: [Vo]:Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin

[mixent]

In reply to  Axil Axil's message of Mon, 7 Jul 2014 19:42:22 -0400:
Hi,
>From the referenced article:
>
>
>
>The quarks have spin 1/2, so physicists originally assumed that two of the
>quarks were in opposite alignment (cancelling their spin), leaving one
>unpaired quark to give the proton spin. However, measurements of
>muon-proton collisions found only a quarter of the proton’s spin comes from
>quark spins. The rest has to come from gluon spins and/or the orbital
>motion of quarks and gluons inside the proton.

The orbital motion of quarks is a good candidate. See
http://checkerboard.dnsalias.net/

>
>
>
>I referenced this article to show that gluons have spin and/or can produce
>spin.
>
>I believe that the standard model doctrinaire on gluon interactions that
>gluons can not interact with photons.
>
>I don't understand how a gluons can demonstrate magnetic properties(spin)

A static magnetic field is only associated with spin if the particle is charged.
A neutral rotating elementary particle (not a composite particle) would have
spin, but no static magnetic field. 
[snip]
Regards,

Robin van Spaandonk

http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html

Re: [Vo]:Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin

[Axil Axil]

I have found same late breaking theory produce this June on the proton spin
puzzle. It is important to get the latest research on this subject.

http://cyclotron.tamu.edu/reu/2014%20lecture%20notes/gagliardi_reu_2014.pdf

*Exploring the Proton Spin with STAR*

In conclusion:


• We still have a great deal to learn about the structure of the proton
• RHIC is making significant contributions to three poorly constrained
pieces of the puzzle
–
Gluon polarization
• May contribute as much or more to the proton spin as the quarks and
anti-quarks
–
Flavor-separated quark and anti-quark polarizations
–
Transversity

• Still more data have been recorded and are being analyzed at this moment.
Stay tuned

--
I feel it is important to understand the correct makeup of the proton and
the neutron in terms of spin production to understand how a strong magnetic
field might affect the structure of these fermions if at all.

The magnetic disruption could happen at a higher level in the nucleus where
a magnetic field can catalyze pions  from the vacuum. Or both mechanisms
might occur if the magnetic field is strong enough.


On Tue, Jul 8, 2014 at 5:40 PM,  wrote:

> In reply to  Axil Axil's message of Mon, 7 Jul 2014 19:42:22 -0400:
> Hi,
> >From the referenced article:
> >
> >
> >
> >The quarks have spin 1/2, so physicists originally assumed that two of the
> >quarks were in opposite alignment (cancelling their spin), leaving one
> >unpaired quark to give the proton spin. However, measurements of
> >muon-proton collisions found only a quarter of the proton’s spin comes
> from
> >quark spins. The rest has to come from gluon spins and/or the orbital
> >motion of quarks and gluons inside the proton.
>
> The orbital motion of quarks is a good candidate. See
> http://checkerboard.dnsalias.net/
>
> >
> >
> >
> >I referenced this article to show that gluons have spin and/or can produce
> >spin.
> >
> >I believe that the standard model doctrinaire on gluon interactions that
> >gluons can not interact with photons.
> >
> >I don't understand how a gluons can demonstrate magnetic properties(spin)
>
> A static magnetic field is only associated with spin if the particle is
> charged.
> A neutral rotating elementary particle (not a composite particle) would
> have
> spin, but no static magnetic field.
> [snip]
> Regards,
>
> Robin van Spaandonk
>
> http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
>
>

Re: [Vo]:Gluons Chip in for Proton Spin

[Axil Axil]

Another article on proton spin

http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2014/jul/11/gluons-get-in-on-proton-spin


For a quarter of a century, physicists have faced a paradox regarding the
net spin of protons and neutrons – the spin of their constituent quarks
accounts for only a small fraction of their overall spin. Now, new research
carried out by physicists in Argentina and Germany who have analysed data
produced by the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider 
(RHIC), suggests that the missing spin might come from gluons that hold
quarks together. Misplaced spins?

Spin, an intrinsic angular momentum, is a property of both protons and
neutrons (collectively known as nucleons). Until the 1980s, physicists had
assumed that the spin-1/2 of both the neutron and the proton was simply the
sum of the spin-1/2 of their three constituent quarks – with two quarks
spinning in the opposite direction to the third. But a series of
experiments found that the quark spins contributed only a small fraction to
the nucleon spins, leading to what was known as the "spin crisis". Those
experiments involved firing spin-polarized beams of electrons or muons at
targets containing spin-polarized nucleons. The idea was to compare the
deflection of the particles in the beam when their spin axis was pointed in
the same direction as the beam with those in the opposite direction. The
results of these scattering experiments showed that no more than about 25%
of nucleon spin comes from the constituent quarks, meaning that physicists
could not determine where protons and neutrons get their net spin.

One possibility lay with gluons that hold quarks together and are exchanged
by quarks in strong-force interactions. As the experiments studying quark
spin cannot measure the properties of gluons, which do not interact
electromagnetically, researchers turned to RHIC. Situated at the Brookhaven
National Laboratory  near New York, it collides
two beams of protons – the gluon from one proton can interact with the
quark in another via the strong force.
Gyrating gluons

In the latest work, a group of theorists – Daniel de Florian
, from the Aires University
in Argentina, and colleagues – analysed several years' worth of collision
data from RHIC's STAR and PHENIX experiments. De Florian and colleagues
have now studied data collected up until 2009, and have compared those data
with a theoretical model they have developed that predicts the likely spin
direction of gluons carrying a certain fraction of the momentum involved in
the proton collisions.

The researchers discovered, in contrast to a null result they obtained
using fewer data five years ago, that gluon spin does tend to line up with
that of the protons, rather than against it. In fact, they estimate that
gluons could supply as much as half of a proton's spin. "This is the first
evidence that suggests gluons could make a significant contribution to
proton spin," says team member Werner Vogelsang
 of
Tübingen University in Germany, who adds that, on theoretical grounds,
gluons ought to supply the same amount of spin to neutrons.
Dizzy orbits

Vogelsang cautions that he and his colleagues cannot be sure of their
result because they have not yet analysed the possible spin contribution of
gluons with low momenta. Doing so, he says, will require data from
higher-energy collisions at RHIC, where proton energies have recently been
increased from 100 to 250 GeV, and potentially from a new generation of
very-high-energy electron–proton colliders. These advanced machines might
also allow physicists to study another possible source of nucleon spin –
the orbital, as opposed to spin, angular momentum of quarks and gluons – an
analysis that requires the measurement of extremely rare collision
outcomes.

Robert Jaffe 
of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US praises De Florian
and co-workers for their "fine work", saying that their research is an
"important step" in understanding what makes up a proton's spin. He adds
that it makes it even more important for physicists to understand why the
three-quark model of the proton works so well in describing properties such
as the magnetic moment and yet falls so far short in the case of spin.


On Tue, Jul 8, 2014 at 6:06 PM, Axil Axil  wrote:

> I have found same late breaking theory produce this June on the proton
> spin puzzle. It is important to get the latest research on this subject.
>
> http://cyclotron.tamu.edu/reu/2014%20lecture%20notes/gagliardi_reu_2014.pdf
>
> *Exploring the Proton Spin with STAR*
>
> In conclusion:
>
>
> • We still have a great deal to learn about the structure of the proton
> • RHIC is making significant contributions to three poorly constrained
> pieces of the puzzle
> –
> Gluon polarization
> • May cont