In these two studies they used skin biopsies.
Am J Vet Res. 1988 Sep;49(9):1550-4.Links
Efficacy of ivermectin in paste and injectable formulations
against microfilariae of Onchocerca cervicalis and
resolution of associated dermatitis in horses.
French DD, Klei TM, Foil CS, Miller RI, Foil LD, Chapman MR,
McClure JJ.
Department of Veterinary Science, Louisiana Agricultural
Experiment Station, Louisiana State University Agricultural
Center, Baton Rouge 70803-6002.
The efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg), in
injectable or paste formulations, against microfilariae of
Onchocerca cervicalis and associated skin lesions was
evaluated in 20 naturally infected horses during midsummer
months in Louisiana. All horses had clinical signs of
dermatitis of the ventral midline and/or limbs, shoulders,
thorax, and withers. Efficacy was monitored at 21, 42, and
63 days after treatment. Procedures done at these intervals
included microfilarial counts of 6-mm skin biopsy specimens
of affected ventral midline, grading of gross lesions, and
photography and histologic assessment of ventral midline
biopsy specimens. Microfilarial numbers were reduced to 0 by
21 days after treatment in all but one horse. Active lesions
improved or were resolved completely by 63 days after
treatment. Total inflammation, as judged by histologic
methods, was reduced in all horses by 63 days after
treatment, but there was a residual population of
inflammatory cells in all horses. Adverse reactions after
treatment were not observed in any of the horses.
PMID: 3223664 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
===================
J Parasitol. 1995 Feb;81(1):117-8.Links
Efficacy of moxidectin oral gel against Onchocerca
cervicalis microfilariae.
Monahan CM, Chapman MR, French DD, Klei TR.
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology,
School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge.
During a series of dose-titration experiments designed to
evaluate the efficacy of moxidectin oral gel against equine
gastrointestinal parasites, infection with Onchocerca
cervicalis was diagnosed in 25 of 82 ponies prior to
treatment. Microfilariae were identified in full-thickness
skin biopsies taken from the ventral midline. Treatment with
moxidectin in single doses of 300, 400, or 500 micrograms/kg
of body weight was 100% effective in eliminating
microfilariae from 20 skin biopsies taken 14 days
posttreatment, whereas 5 microfilaria-positive ponies in 2
control groups remained positive following placebo
treatment. No adverse reaction was seen in any pony
following treatment with moxidectin or the vehicle control.
PMID: 7876966 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
--------
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/LDN_Information
Dr Chris Steele, ITV's This Morning supporting LDN
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVpjsDK0LPA
Dianne France wrote:
Garnet
Why don't these worms show up in cultures?
Dianne
> Date: Tue, 29 Sep 2009 09:01:44 -0500
> From: gar...@grandecom.net
> To: silver-list@eskimo.com
> Subject: Re: CS>CS for Equine sweet itch
>
> If he has it in his mane and on his tail head it is allergy
> to the bite of the
> cuculoides midge. Other skin problems are associated, such
> as a tendency
> to get rain rot.This midge is a carrier of Onchocerca. a
> worm that some horses
> are allergic to. The main problem is the immature stage of
> the Onchocerca
> called filariads.
>
> Onchoceriasis is a cause of Uveitis, Moon blindness, in
> horses and humans
> when the migrating filariads enter the eye and cause an
> autoimmune inflammation
> that often results in blindness with no cause ever being
> detected. It is more
> commonly a cause of blindness in third world countries
> although I am told
> by a vet opthamologist at Texas A&M that it just goes
> unrecognized in
> humans in the US.
>
> Generally it takes until at least 7 years of age for this
> syndrome to manifest to
> a severe degree. It is worse in the spring and summer,
> better in the winter due
> to the midge dying off. I had a mare who I bought at age 7
> who declined for
> the next four years and was seen by many vets until I found
> one who recognized
> the syndrome, he was an older man and very knowledgeable. He
> said many
> practitioners did not know this syndrome and would give
> steroids for the skin
> condition.
>
> The load of the worm builds over a period of years even with
> regular worming
> at two month intervals. Often to a systemic reaction with
> sores breaking out on
> the belly, flanks, face and shoulders. The belly especially
> can then end up with
> fungal infections as secondary opportunists. Often the skin
> develops wrinkles
> over the shoulder from the inflammation.
>
> You want to kill the filariads slowly and interrupt the
> short live cycle initially to
> knock the numbers back. To do this give half doses of
> Ivermectin every two
> weeks for four doses, then every three weeks for four
> doses, then a full dose once a month or a daily wormer. Some
> horses that
> go untreated end up on steroids which further suppress their
> immunity and
> then as they decline in health they succumb to something
> like the flu.
>
> The allergic reaction to the midge bites may be due to a
> load of Onchocerca
> worms causing a generalized immune reaction. Worming every 8
> weeks is not
> enough to control the population of filariads from building
> to a critical level.
> The sores on the skin that develop in certain areas are
> groups of the migrating
> filariads. One vet actually told me the sores on my mare's
> flanks were Cancer!
> I knew this was not true as she was biting at her flanks
> every spring and the
> sores went away in the winter.
>
> Once the heavy load of filariads is brought under control
> worming using the half
> doses of Ivermectin a maintenance schedule of once a month
> will interrupt the
> cycle and restore immune health. Keep him on a once a month
> schedule year
> round.
>
> CS will help control the skin condition but you must treat
> the cause to make any
> real progress. I have also used Sugardine on the skin, which
> is Betadine ointment
> mixed with table sugar to the consistency of runny peanut
> butter, it will thicken
> over night as the sugar swells. It is effective against
> fungal infections of the skin
> and will stay on longer than CS.
>
> Garnet
>
> Misc. IP Group wrote:
> > Hi anybody used CS for equine sweet itch or any other recommendations?
> >
> >
> >
> > Have a stallion who is suffering terribly and if any part of his
> > body is exposed he’s bitten badly and now has scabs and open wound
> > in those places. Tried fly sprays, sweet itch blankets etc but
> > still to no avail.
> >
> >
> >
> > Was wondering if spraying CS would help or if it needs to be
> > combined with something to 1) help heal the wounds and b) strengthen
> > his system to be able to fight the sweet itch naturally.
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > Many thanks
> >
> >
> >
> > Peter
> >
>
>
> --
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