Automatic polarity shifting? Mostly ...cleaner electrodes.
Depending on the duration of the DC pulse, both electrodes can be either
black or whitish, but shorter durations for whiter electrodes increase the
time it takes to get to a given conductivity more than longer durations
that tend to make both electrodes black. This time increase is due to
field collapse and rebuilt times during the pulses resulting from the
polarity shift. [The term "voltage gradient" comes to mind, as "overheard"
in a discussion over what controls current flow in a 10-20k volt HVAC setup]
Oxide formation apparently takes more time than hydroxide formation.
In straight DC operation, it's apparent that high current density favors
oxide production ["golden mist"] and that field of oxides entering the
water can be shifted back towards the electrode to the point where most or
all of it stays stuck by reducing the current. Doing so appears to
favor hydroxide formation and entry aka "white mist" and a decrease in the
likelihood of color developing now or later, regardless of PPM.
I currently believe, and have some observational evidence to support the
notion, that yellow and brown colors in CS come from oxide crystal
nucleation of crystalline structures that both display the color due to
size and get to be that size from crystal growth around that dark oxide
nucleus.
If oxides are prevented from forming by tweeking for hydroxides, I rarely
get any color at any PPM, even up in the hundreds.
However, the really high PPM stuff seems to oxidize over a shorter period
of time if exposed to the air... a couple of weeks or so...sometimes
depositing a black sheen on the glass and sometimes just going deep yellow,
or both, and both subject to conversion by Hydrogen Peroxide.
I don't think silver hydroxide is extremely stable....which *might* be a
very good thing for bio-availability and some degree of prevention of
silver chloride formation.
Certain oxides are subject to conversion with the addition of Hydrogen
Peroxide. Since H2O2 will also oxidize silver, it's apparent that at least
two different forms of silver oxides are playing a role.
If a generator is run with H2O2 in the water, neither oxides nor hydroxides
form...just pure silver flakes with almost no increase in conductivity.
[about 3 uS max]
But those silver flakes eventually are converted by the peroxide [and
possibly capacitor effect] into yellow water [Form 2 oxide nucleated
crystals? ] and black oxide balls on the bottom after many months.
According to a Harvard study I stumbled across, the glass of the container
is considered to be a crystal nucleation site.
Other observations and correlations to the properties of glass and
capacitors say that glass also acts as a capacitor that delivers electrons
to some of the silver ions that contact that glass, making some pure silver
particles.
I wouldn't be surprised to discover that the metallic alloying components
of glass would act like a bad solar cell capturing electrons from radio
waves and light in order to charge that capacitor.
If enough of those ions contact the glass for a long enough duration with
no forces to keep them moving, you get a conductive silver mirror that
might be moving ion/anion electron interchanges to the edges of that mirror.
Ode
At 12:44 PM 11/24/2006 -0400, you wrote:
Ode,
My only possible frequency at this moment with my provisional setup is one
cycle per batch...!
I just wanted to know what the difference would be IF I have an automatic
control generator...
Thank you
Carlos
From: Ode Coyote <odecoy...@alltel.net>
Reply-To: silver-list@eskimo.com
To: silver-list@eskimo.com
Subject: Re: CS>Polarity Switching ?...-Some thoughts about it.
Date: Fri, 24 Nov 2006 09:31:44 -0500
Frequency can tweek the process from favoring oxide production to
favoring hydroxide production.
ode
At 04:57 PM 11/23/2006 -0400, you wrote:
Friends,
From what I understand, the object of polarity switching in the process of
brewing AIS is to eliminate the normal silver oxide accumulation in the
cathode and the harder coat of silver oxide in the cathode, which
maintains both electrodes clean.
A determinate ammount of silver oxide will be produced in batch "A"
without polarity switching, which at the end of the process will have
produced a noticeable moderate dark grey "beard" on the cathode.
If we have an identical batch "B" (identical water quality and ammount,
temperature, process time, current flow, container, electrodes, etc.)
and have polarity switching during the process, I assume aproximately
the same ammount of silver oxide will be produced, but instead of
accumulating it is, in every switching of the polarity, solving into the
water, aside from the ions and colloidal particles being produced.
If, after batch "A" is finished, the current is stopped and the
electrodes left in the produced EIS, after a few seconds the cathode
"beard" starts turning into a "cascade" mostly dissolving in the
produced batch, and a smaller part sedimenting at the bottom of the glass jar.
If this is the case, the only basic difference between "A" and "B" would
be cleaner electrodes in "B". Both will have a determined ammount of
silver oxide incorporated, instead of being cleaned off at intervals
during the process.
Regards
Carlos
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