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American Fire Sprinkler Association
Monday's Technical Update
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A weekly newsletter dealing with codes and other technical issues
December 1, 2014
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System Protection Area Limitation
"Is there any additional information or other codes that explain how the area of
limitations came about? What set the limit of systems being sized to not
exceed
52,000 sq. ft. or 40,000 sq. ft. for any given floor area?"
We have reviewed NFPA 13, 2013 edition as the applicable standard. Our informal
interpretation is that that system protection area limitation is a carry-over
from
pipe schedule systems.
The Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook provides some commentary regarding the
history of the system protection area limitation. It indicates that NFPA 13
formerly
limited system size by the number of sprinklers on a system - for example, 400
sprinklers
for ordinary hazard areas. The 52,000 sq. ft. limitation is determined by
multiplying
the 400 sprinklers by the 130 sq. ft. maximum spacing. These area limitations
are
not related to the hydraulics or the operating characteristics of the system.
Rather,
the area limitations are based on judgment factors concerning the maximum area
within
a single, vertical fire division (or horizontal fire area) that should be
protected
by a single system or that could be out of service at any given time. With that
said, there is not much science or testing to back up these system area
limitations.
There was an attempt two cycles ago to remove the system area limitations in
NFPA
13. This did not gain much traction from the installation committee. The other
reference standard that did remove this limitation is FM Data Sheet 2-0.
Section
2.4.1.6 for the Sprinkler System Maximum Area of Coverage says the maximum area
of coverage for a sprinkler system is limited only by (1) the hydraulic
requirements
of the sprinkler system's design and (2) the waterflow alarm requirements
outlined
in Section 2.6.4. It does provide a note: If the local authority having
jurisdiction
(AHJ) limits a sprinkler system's area of coverage based on a local code, follow
the local code. This approach makes sense since the size of the system is
based
on hydraulic calculations and the available water supply. The system area
limitations
in NFPA 13 shouldn't be such a hard number where some flexibility should be
allowed.
When one is faced with square footage just above the area limitations of NFPA
13,
this adds cost to the project for the life of the system. This may involve a
manifold,
additional piping, valves and trim, water flow and supervisory switches, along
with
the NFPA 25 inspection, test, and maintenance requirements for the life of the
system.
For example, an extra 1,000 to 2,000 sq. ft. of area above the system
protection
area limitation would require a second riser for 5 to 10 sprinklers for light
hazard
occupancy. Given those considerations, discuss system area limitations with the
local AHJ to determine if a variance will be granted for system sizes slightly
over the limitations specified in NFPA 13.
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Technical Update is prepared by the Technical Services Dept. of the AFSA: Vice
President
of Engineering and Technical Services Roland Huggins, a PE registered in fire
protection
engineering; Phill Brown, a NICET IV certified automatic sprinkler technician
and
NFPA Certified Fire Protection Specialist (CFPS) and Tom Wellen, a PE registered
in fire protection engineering. This is provided with the understanding that
the
AFSA assumes no liability for this opinion or actions taken on it and they are
not
to be considered the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.
Copyright 2014, American Fire Sprinkler Association.
All Rights Reserved
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