Dear Paul,
The quote you shared is admittedly to the point, but since we're trying
to be careful here, can we agree that your quote was somewhat vague? I
would submit, for instance, that there are also arguably safe handling
procedures and technologies for dealing with nuclear fuels, but these
are not widely available at subsistence household budgetary levels. Your
quote makes me wonder if there are any products of reactions from
"denaturing" or "fermentation" (which is talked about in the rest of the
paragraph you abridged with your quotation) which would benefit the
total cost equation favorably. If not, this leads to the further
question as to whether these processes are sustainably feasible.
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
apologies for the formatting:::::::::::::::::::
"...can inactivate the above toxic components.
Extraction with 80-90% ethanol
or methanol also holds promise in detoxification. The oil cake
cannot be used as animal feed because of its toxicity at present.
But fermentation processes will eliminate the toxins. Jatropha oil
cake compares well with any other oil cake and poultry and farm
yard manure in terms of N, P and K content of 4.4, 2.09 and 1.68
per cent respectively. The consumption of Jatropha oil cake will
not be a problem due to the awareness among the farmers in the
use of organics like Neem, Pongamia etc."
:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::end of quote:::::::::::::::::::::::::
Partial list of questions to be clarified:
1. What are the effects for workers handling the raw materials?
2. What is needed for effective denaturing and what are the costs per
ton of this processing?
3. What is needed for effective fermentation and what are the costs per
ton of this processing?
4. What level of heat is needed under what conditions to guarantee
destruction of the toxic compounds?
5. What about evaporation, combustion or other gases during the process
in Q4?
6. Granted that "farmers" in the quote above know the dangers of
ingestion of the seed cake: a. are they aware of the issues of handling
dangers? b. will the general populace be able to be equally or better
aware and c. what are the costs of significantly lowering the toxicity
before it gets into the hands, lungs and bloodstreams of the general
user populace?
7. Are the effects in Q1 manageable at a local level?
8. Are the processes in Q2 through Q5 manageable in realistic situations
(Even the EU is not immune to UE "User Error")
My professors in seminary were always badgering me to ask questions
about assumptions made when evaluating a text and to also examine the
wider context for additional "light". I submit that this might well be
of benefit in other situations than in biblical studies.
The paper you cited is also from an agricultural department of a
university promoting the use of Jatropha primarily for biofuel and
refined biodiesel. It would be suspected that they might remain vague on
some of the above issues for understandable reasons. Do we want to
accept such vagueness without qualification? I think not.
regards,
Ronald von Angenehmreisen durch Notwendigfragen
On 23.01.2011 03:55, Paul S. Anderson wrote:
Stovers,
The cautionary notes given by Nat M. and Otto F. should be taken
seriously. However, they also need to provide scientific evidence to
support their statements.
Evidence implying the OPPOSITE of what was stated is the following:
from http://www.tnau.ac.in/tech/swc/evjatropha.pdf
Like Castor oil, the Jatropha oil and cake contain traces of
toxins. The components associated with toxicity can be
denatured or inactivated by heat. The toxic components in
Jatropha cake are curcin a phytotoxin similar to ricin in castor
and HCN in young Sorghum leaves and Tapioca rind and
purgative oil as in castor and croton oil. Heat treatment or the
combination of heat and chemical (NaOH and NaOCl)
treatments can inactivate the above toxic components.
**** Apparently heat destroys the toxins. Good news that has been out
of sight. Publication date is not evident.
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