Thank you Eric. That sums it great up, and you give the sources of the researches.
Finally some facts to the table. Some of those papers are in the Motherlode, but by which names....? Eero 30.3.2016, 21:44, Eric Benjamin kirjoitti:
There are several classic papers on 2-channel stereo reproduction. I'll give them here: [1] Blumlein, A. D., British Patent 394 325 (application 1931 Dec. 14; granted 1933 June 14). [2] Clark, H., Dutton, G., and Vanderlyn, P., "The 'Stereosonic' Recording and Reproducing System", IRE Trans. Audio, vol. AU-5, pp. 96- p. 380 (1957 July-Aug). [3] Leakey, D., "Some Measurements on the Effects of Interchannel Intensity and Time Differences in Two Channel Sound Systems", J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 31, pp. 977-986 (1959 July). [4] Bauer, B., “Phasor analysis of some stereophonic phenomena”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., vol. 33, pp. 1536–1539, Nov. 1961. [5] Dutton, G. "The Assessment of Two-Channel Stereophonic Reproduction Performance in Studio Monitor Rooms, Living Rooms and Small Theatres", J. Audio Eng. Soc. , vol. 10, pp. 98-105 (1962 Apr). [6] Makita, Y. "On the Directional Localisation of Sound in the Stereophonic Sound Field", E.B.U. Review, Part A, No. 73, pp. 102-108 (1962 June). [7] Mertens, H., “Directional hearing in stereophony -Theory and experimental verification” Europ. Broadcasting Union Rev. Part A, 92, 1-14 (1965) [8] Bennett, J. Barker, K. and Edeko, F. “A New Approach to the Assessment of Stereophonic Sound System Performance”, J. Audio Eng. Soc., vol. 33, pp. 314-321 (1985 May). If I were to summarize all of these, on the subject of speaker angle, the consensus would be that they recommend a small angle because it works better. Dutton, in particular, used an angle of 53 degrees, that being what he observed being used in practice. 53 degrees is the angle subtended by speakers where the distance between the speakers is the same as the distance to the center of the line connecting the two speakers. I have two observations from my own research. The first is that the ear signals resulting from equal signals at the loudspeakers is not the same as for a real source located between the loudspeakers. The second is that, if I measure the ear signals for a real listener for the equal loudspeaker signal case, the two ears are different. Why? Because the summation of the signals at the ears is so sensitive that a condition of balance is never achieved. The loudspeakers don't have the same sensitivity, they are not precisely the same distance from the ears, and the listener's head itself isn't precisely symmetrical, isn't located precisely on the centerline, and isn't pointed precisely directly ahead. All of these factors contribute to the perception that the phantom image isn't like a real sound source. Eric
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