I don't know if the folllowing will be of any use to those interested in emulsion fuels, but it's what I have on file.
1. Mix gas with water for more MPG? Popular Science, date unknown. Refers to an article on an ultrasonic emulsifier that appeared in Pop. Sci. November 1972. Describes work of a prof. who is following up on work done by Frank Belknap on emulsion fuels in the 1920's. Belknaps were ternary mixtures, while current work is on gasoline/water emulsions for use in spark-ignition engines. Benefits claimed include reduced compression work due to wet compression (this applies only to spark-ignition engines wherein the fuel/water emulsion comes in with the fresh air charge; Diesels would benefit only minimally); increase in effective Octane number (better resistance to end-gas detonation, allowing complete elimination of lead antiknock agents. Disadvantages include reduced effective vapor pressure, leading to hard starting. 2. Venezuela Pushing "Liquid Coal." New York Times, October 15, 1990. Actually a slurry fuel or suspension rather than an emulsion, Orimulsion is offered as an alternative to No. 6 fuel oil. Powerplant must be retrofitted with scrubbers to remove sulphur (apparently Venezuelan coal is high-sulphur). Cost of slurry fuel $1.30 per barrel vs. current (1990) crude price of $19. No further data. 3. Researchers use coal-water mix in oil-fired boilers. Industrial Research & Development, December 1981. DOE Pittsburgh work on boiler firing with coal/water emulsion. Checking various coals and effect of ash in the long term. No further data. 4. Combustion of coal/oil/water slurries. NASA Tech Briefs, Summer 1981 pp 152, 153 [my copy of the second page is mission, so I don't have the TB number or the full TSP]. Bench-scale lab setup to flash-vaporize and ignite suspended slurry droplets and measure their combustion performance acoustically and visually. Clever. 5. Alternative Heating with Coal Developed. Navy Domestic Technology Transfer Fact Sheet; backup documentation package for Fact Sheet Article #170401. Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory developed a coal-burning furnace called the Annular Vortex Combustor, capable of operating on Dry Ultrafine Coal, utility grind Pulverized Coal and Coal-Water Fuel [presumably, since these designations are capitalized, there is a specification somewhere for each one...?]. Results claimed: output range .1-30 MBtu/hr (dimensions of the combustor are not given!) 99% combustion efficiency no preheating required 15 minute startup from cold to full load turndown capability on the order of 3:1 (can somebody define "turndown" for me in this context?) low temperature operation (1660-2200 degrees F) Best, Marc de Piolenc Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
