Also this:
Ethanol from cellulose
http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol_link.html#cellulose
"Wood-Ethanol Report: Technology Review", Environment Canada 1999 --
good overview of the problem and the current solutions on offer. Go
to the Biofuels Library.
Fuel From Sawdust -- by Mike Brown (from Acres, USA, 19 June 1983):
Conversion of cellulose, such as sawdust, cornstalks, newspaper and
other substances, to alcohol -- "a fairly uncomplicated and
straightforward process". Go to the Biofuels Library.
Production of Ethanol from Wood in Russia since 1943 -- A detailed
description of the operating process of a wood-hybrolysis plant in
Siberia.
http://www.distill.com/woodhydrolysis/
Arkenol Inc. is a pioneer in processing cellulose biomas into
ethanol: agricultural wastes, straw, leaves, grass clippings, sawdust
or old newspapers. The company uses proprietary concentrated acid
hydrolysis technology and is in the final development stages for a 48
million litre per year biorefinery in Sacramento, California
processing rice straw.
http://www.arkenol.com
The Iogen Corporation of Canada is "the leader in developing and
manufacturing ethanol-from-cellulose". The Iogen process is an
enzymatic hydrolysis process for converting lignocellulosics to
ethanol -- uses steam explosion pretreatment pioneered by the company
and Iogen's proprietary enzymes.
http://www.iogen.ca/
Q & A with Iogen's Jeff Passmore regarding cellulosic ethanol, April 2003
http://www.eesi.org/publications/Newsletters/
ECO/eco%2019.htm#iogen
BC International Corporation uses a genetically modified organism to
produce ethanol from biomass wastes such as agricultural residues,
municipal waste, and forest thinnings. Two-stage dilute acid
hydrolysis process for the preparation of the sugar streams and two
separate fermentations although both use the same organism.
http://www.bcintlcorp.com/
"Ethanol Production in Hawaii", a "pre-feasibility" study who a focus
on ethanol from cellulose. Includes comparison of the different
processes: simultaneous saccharification and fermentation;
concentrated acid hydrolysis, neutralization and fermentation;
ammonia disruption, hydrolysis and fermentation; steam disruption,
hydrolysis and fermentation; acid disruption and transgenic
microorganism fermentation; concentrated acid hydrolysis, acid
recycle and fermentation; and acidified acetone extraction,
hydrolysis and fermentation.
http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/ert/ethanol/ethano94.html
Good list of references:
http://www.hawaii.gov/dbedt/ert/ethanol/refs.html
Genencore & DOE Move Closer to Fuel Ethanol from Biomass Cellulose -
See: Biomass Conversion with Enzymes:
http://www.newuses.org/EG/EG-23/23genetic.html
Mustard Plants Produce Low-Cost Enzymes for Making Ethanol --
Researchers at the University of Colorado (CU) at Boulder have
developed a potentially low- cost method of producing the cellulase
enzyme for converting woody biomass materials into ethanol.
http://www.colorado.edu/PublicRelations/NewsReleases/2001/1244.html
And here's one that went wrong, and could have gone horribly wrong:
http://www.safe2use.com/ca-ipm/01-02-05-report.htm
There's hope for GMOs providing good solutions, but not in the hands
of the current players.
Best wishes
Keith
Brian Rodgers <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
I am new here, but this certainly looks like the place to be.
I my opinion looking at ethanol strictly from a BTU to create over
BTU available leaves out too many important variables. Even if with
Ethanols numbers looking dismally uneconomical to many people who I
will call naysayers the clincher for me is ethanol comes from a
renewable resource corn. If we can figure out a way to break down
the cellulose in wood waste forests products we would really have
something. Dont get me wrong I want to help the American farmers
but I live in the forests of the South-West USA and we have a real
problem with small diameter trees choking the forests and creating a
fire hazard. The solution becomes, two birds with one stone,
economically speaking. The trees have to be removed and are anyway
but they are being chipped and left in most places. Lets do some
real research on ! fomenting wood fibers.
Brian Rodgers
New Mexico
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