> Hi Edgardo,
>
> however, the 53132A is considerably more sensitive in frequency mode as 
> we have recently discovered.
> I saw an astoundingly low ADEV noise floor of some 6E-13 at t=10 sec as 
> opposed to only 2.5E-11 in TI mode.
> I don't have a 53132A, only a 53131A that I don't use anymore for ADEV, 
> so I can't be more specific.

Adrian,

Part of the reason for your "astoundingly low" results is because the 53132A is 
rapidly averaging samples internally in order to give a more precise frequency 
measurement. While this trick is good for determining frequency accuracy it is 
bad for determining stability. What I mean is that averaging, by definition, 
partly removes noise (removes "instability") in the samples being collected.

In much of science reducing noise is a good thing. But when making instability 
measurements of clocks and oscillators the noise is usually what you are trying 
to measure! So getting rid of it is not always a good thing. This is especially 
true when the device is removing noise without telling you; it can lead to 
false conclusions.

As you saw, when you use heavily smoothed frequency data as input to an ADEV 
calculation you will get unusually low stability numbers. This is not to say 
the numbers are completely meaningless. But at least it's not correct to 
compare heavily averaged frequency measurements with actual instantaneous phase 
measurements.

/tvb



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