Jim  Guinee wrote: 

> And based on Jim Clark's recent comments, one could also suggest space
> aliens as a possible cause.
>
> Now, just how viable is dementia in this case?
> 
> I would argue that it's certainly more possible than space aliens, but
> still a weak possibility for a number of reasons.

I don't think it's a "jumps right out at you as the obvious explanation" kind 
of thing, but certainly now that we've read Flew's own admission of some memory 
loss and seen (per Stephen Black's post) that the base rate of dementia in 
persons of this age is fairly high, I think it remains a far stronger candidate 
than "space aliens", or your "reaction formation" explanation. 

(I feel a little silly arguing for the dementia explanation as I don't think 
it's what really happened - I still strongly suspect that there's more to the 
story than we've read so far, and that the upcoming book will be revealing. 
Remember that the context of my defense of the dementia explanation is that it 
was suggested, and your response to the suggestion was that it was desperate 
and prejudicial. I think that you leapt to that conclusion largely because of 
some blinders that you have about this topic, the same blinders that led you a 
few weeks ago to incorrectly suggest that people on this list unfairly pick out 
religion as the unique target of their skepticism). 

> What I meant to say is that it's one thing to posit senility, but I would
> be more convinced if one could demonstrate that Flew's writing and oral
> communication are indicative of the common symptoms one experiences as a
> result of dementia.
> 
> In my limited experience with dementia, I have found that religious
> discussions are generally interlaced with illogical, bizarre stratements,
> even delusions, similar to my experiences working in psychiatric
> hospitals.

As you must be aware, though, dementia is a progressive condition, beginning 
with small, intermittent, and barely detectable changes well before progressing 
to what you're describing here. How much dementia would be required to explain 
the kind of change that Flew has shown? While on the very surface one might 
call it a huge change (from atheism to theism), as has been pointed out here 
repeatedly, it was actually a very small change in belief.

Furthermore, it was a small change in a direction that can be characterized as 
"downhill": intentional explanations of complex phenomena are FAR more 
intuitive than naturalistic explanations. It takes considerable awareness and 
understanding to "get" the fact that (for example) climbing vines "find" places 
to attach themselves through blind processes like phototropism and genetic 
programs of growth and natural selection of the vines that succeed.  I'll bet 
that if people's religious power depended on children believing that vines are 
aware and intelligent, Kansas would already be teaching children that it's 
impossible for vines to attach themselves to walls without having intentions to 
do so, and there'd be a movement of people who firmly believed in "intelligent 
growth". Intentional explanations are extremely seductive. That's the great 
arrogance of humanity - the best sense of the phrase "we create God in our own 
image". We believe that if something wonderful and complex happens it must be 
the result of something like ourselves. We're offended by the suggestion that 
"blind" natural processes could do the kinds of wonderful things that they do, 
because it threatens our sense of being special. 

Holding onto a naturalistic explanation is very difficult, and would be so even 
if we DIDN'T live in a culture that was so deeply opposed to naturalism and 
biased towards spiritualism. It would only take a fairly small lapse in 
judgment to fall away from naturalism. Certainly one wouldn't have to be a 
raving near-psychotic: my own mother, who is quite rational, thank you, is a 
creationist, I believe largely because she never had quite enough understanding 
of nature to get over that high hurdle. 

I certainly don't think that Stephen or anyone else meant to imply that to 
believe in creationism one has to be seriously demented to the point of the 
need for constant care: that's obviously not true. But one does have to be a 
quite solid thinker to maintain naturalism in the face of the barrage of 
spiritualist arguments, assumptions, and probably in-born tendencies. I can 
certainly believe that the beginning stages of dementia might be enough loss of 
cognitive function to cost a person the ability to hold out against the 
persistent seduction of the creationist arguments. 

> I participate on several internet forums devoted to religion, and
> interestingly the participants who are least theistic are the ones that
> most quickly cited Flew's age as a potential variable for his apparent
> ideological change.
>
> We can all posit logical theories, but how quickly do our personal  and
> professional prejudices cause us to gravitate to the same theories
> over and over (regardless of the subject)?

Well, yes, but I think you're trying to imply that the important prejudices re. 
this topic are in the persons holding the naturalistic explanations, and to be 
blunt, you're wrong. It's the believers, not the naturalists whose prejudices 
are blinding them to the reality of the situation. There's a huge "mote in my 
neighbor's eye" effect going on here: we identify small gaps in naturalistic 
explanations and rush right in with intentional explanations that we haven't 
critically examined at all, and have no intention of critically examining. 
There's a big beam in the creationist's eye. How many of the more theistic 
persons in those internet fora noted that the report of Flew's change of heart 
cited only invalid arguments? I'm betting that none did, because they were so 
taken with their personal prejudices in favor of the anti-naturalist conclusion 
that they failed to notice that they were rejoicing over bad logic. 

In the context of this discussion, you've repeatedly taken offense at the 
suggestion that whatever change happened in Flew's thinking was the result of 
some kind of mental lapse, but it should be clear by now that is at least a 
reasonable suggestion. At the same time, while you've not been very specific 
about alternative explanations, it's clear that this is a big story (and one 
that you're discussing) only because there's a pet theory held by many 
religious people that claims that non-religious people are foolish and 
self-deluding, not to mention ammoral. That deep and widely-held prejudice is 
the center of the problem surrounding the "origins debate".

> P.S. I liked your analysis (as always), and admit I don't have much to
> summon in response.  I would like to point out that Flew's change reminds
> me of the defense mechanism "reaction formation."
> 
> Perhaps he has been fighting so hard for so long at something that deep
> down he believed but didn't want to.

I can't make sense of this either. Are you suggesting that he believed all 
along in a theistic explanation, didn't want to, and so his naturalism was a 
reaction to that? It's hard to imagine why a person who believes in a theistic 
explanation would try to repress it, in light of (again) the overwhelming 
social pressure towards such explanations. You'd have to postulate another 
layer of odd motivations (a need to nonconform? a need to be disliked?), and 
with this explanation, I think you're already doing quite the balancing act. 
Your argument is stronger without this Freudian addition (or "pop-Freudian 
addition"? I defer to Allen Esterson <grin>). 

Paul

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