On the APA format question about centering the title on the title page: some printings of the APA manual (4th ed) show the title near the top of the page, and other printing show it centered vertically. I think that demonstrates pretty well that APA is waffling. David Kreiner Professor of Psychology Central Missouri State University Warrensburg MO 64093 Email: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Phone: 660 543-8076 Fax: 660 543-8505