----- Original Message -----
From: "Scott O Lilienfeld" <slil...@emory.edu> 
To: "Teaching in the Psychological Sciences (TIPS)" 
<tips@fsulist.frostburg.edu> 
Sent: Wednesday, January 2, 2013 5:57:07 PM 
Subject: [tips] famous psychologists and federal grants 

Hi TIPSters...happy New Year. 

I beg your indulgence for just a bit, as this message doesn't have much direct 
bearing on the teaching of psychology, although I do think it carries a number 
of implications for how we think about academia and what we value or do not 
value in our colleagues. 

Here's what has moved me to write. A number of psychology departments in R1 
institutions, including a major one in the Southeast (not Emory, although we 
may be following suit soon, I predict) are in the process of revising their 
tenure and promotion documents to demand that large-scale federal grant funding 
should be a strong expectation, if not an outright requirement, for tenure (and 
almost certainly, promotion to Full Professor). I have serious reservations 
about this proposal for a host of reasons, not least of which is this recent 
article: 

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v492/n7427/full/492034a.html 

which has already created a firestorm of controversy, including a recent 
rebuttal by NIH and a rejoinder by the authors. 

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v492/n7427/full/492034a.html 

The merits of Nicholson and Ioannidis' provocative but contentious piece aside, 
I very much worry about the move to make grant funding a requirement or a 
"soft" requirement for tenure in psychology departments. Among other things, a 
good deal of excellent research in psychology does not require federal grants, 
and a number of consistently grant funded researchers in my own field of 
clinical psychology (names omitted...) are not especially creative or for that 
matter, especially highly cited. There's much more to be said here, but I can 
leave that for future messages. 

At the risk of engaging in a bit of confirmation bias, I'm trying to make the 
case that many extremely influential and creative psychologists (or people we 
might loosely consider "psychologists," like Freud) did not receive any federal 
grant funding. Obviously, one can assume (or am I wrong?) that Freud, Piaget, 
James, Jung, Titchener, and the like did not apply for and receive competitive 
federal grants from their countries (in the case of James and Titchener, the 
U.S.) in the way we presently understand them. 

But I'm wondering about more "recent" psychologists whom we would all agree are 
extremely impactful. Here is my naïve question: Is there some easy (or if not, 
complicated) way of finding out whether a given psychologist ever received 
federal funding? I know that NIH and other major granting agencies keep 
archives of past grant funding, but I don't believe that such a search would be 
comprehensive given the large number of potential granting agencies. Nor do I 
know whether these archives are comprehensive, or how far they go back. 

So, for example, is there some way of finding out (short of reading detailed 
biographies) whether Skinner, Tolman, Allport, Festinger, Asch, Schachter, 
Neisser, Rock, J.J. Gibson, Loftus, Tversky, or George Miller (I'm just 
throwing out some quasi-random names of people we'd all agree are extremely 
influential and creative - not saying we'd all agree with everything they 
wrote...) received federal grant funding for their research (I believe that 
Skinner received some funding from the defense department for applications of 
his work but I'm not sure whether that should count) and if so, how much? (as 
an aside, the smartest psychologist I've ever known, Paul Meehl, received 
virtually no grant funding over the course of his career). 

Again, apologies to this list if the question is a silly one. But I've thinking 
about this question for a little while and have been sort of stumped by it. 

Thanks much in advance for any and all help you can provide. ...Scott 


Scott O. Lilienfeld, Ph.D. 
Professor 
Department of Psychology, Room 473 
Emory University 
36 Eagle Row 
Atlanta, Georgia 30322 
slii...@emory.edu; 404-727-1125 

The Master in the Art of Living makes little distinction between his work and 
his play, his labor and his leisure, his mind and his body, his education and 
his recreation, his love and his intellectual passions. He hardly knows which 
is which. He simply pursues his vision of excellence in whatever he does, 
leaving others to decide whether he is working or playing. To him - he is 
always doing both. 

- Zen Buddhist text 
(slightly modified) 




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