I am a believer in the 1st and 2nd laws of thermo-dynamics. This includes the idea of negative energy associated with vacuum (aether) phenomena and the idea that the 2nd law is the tendency of macroscopic and quantum systems to swap potential energy in favor of kinetic energy.
The source of the potential energy releases from a glob of H or D is the key question. The burnishing process would take some mechanical energy to break the Pd bonds and to form the new arrangement of atoms (with higher potential energy) on the Ni mesh, It may be that the mesh size is critical in forming the new Pd configuration that can be further compressed as the Casimir force does its final densification. If a Casimir force is involved, then the source of potential energy could come from the vacuum. See the following diverse descriptions of Casmir Effect: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casimir_effect#Regularisation The second quantized electromagnetic field “depends on the shapes and positions of the conductors and dielectrics, the Casimir effect manifests itself as a force between such objects” and is associated with potential energy of closely spaced metallic conductors. Phonic vibrations of the Ni mesh as a function of temperature may be the required phenomena, as well as the coupling needed, to extract potential energy from the vacuum and convert it to thermal (kinetic energy) of the Ni lattice. Bob Cook ________________________________ From: JonesBeene <jone...@pacbell.net> Sent: Thursday, June 20, 2019 7:00:24 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: RE: [Vo]:What is special about ~630 eV ? One detail which may figure into the understanding of the new Mizuno work is the wavelength of photons at 630 eV. Dense deuterium as it is characterized in about two dozen papers will have a binding energy of ~630 eV – at least that is the energy signature which has been measured. Mizuno mentions this energy level but it is not clear that he has actually measured it. That particular energy level corresponds to a photon wavelength which is very close to 2 nanometers. There are several reasons why 2 nm may be relevant to understanding the dynamics of the Mizuno device. Two nm is the maximum separation geometry for the appearance of the Casimir force. Also 2 nm may relate to the thickness achieved when palladium is burnished onto nickel mesh or else to the size of surface pitting after the burnishing, or both. One possible scenario for the energy release goes something like this. The Casimir force which is exerted on the thin palladium coating of nickel mesh serves to compress deuterons into a cluster of atoms - in which a large number of atoms become bound together. The energy represented by this soft x-ray emission at 630 eV is not coming from the Casimir force itself. After all, it is a force not an emitter. The strong force may become involved at this point to provide the binding energy in similar way that gluons bind quarks. That binding energy can later be released when the cluster is disrupted or more likely when it self-destructs at a critical size level of around 90-95 atoms. That release of binding energy is the ultimate derivation of the soft x-ray which is seen. Most of the mass<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass> of hadrons is actually QCD binding energy, through mass-energy equivalence<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-energy_equivalence>. Some of that can perhaps be shared on a larger geometric scale with the cluster – and therefore the energy release is nuclear, but not coming directly from a nucleus.. Jones ------------------------------------ Of interest – could the heat of the Mizuno device be partly or mostly nuclear… but also … NON-fusion and NON-weak force ? A mass-energy value which keeps turning up in dense hydrogen cluster papers is 630 eV. It apparently relates to energy released by a cluster of dense hydrogen which has become disordered. This is a measured value – not a theory. This value is mentioned many times by Miley and also by Mizuno. This is an unusually strong value energetically for chemistry but weak for nuclear. For comparison the chemical bond energy of two deuterons to each other is 4.5 eV and the weakest beta emission is in the few keV range. 630 eV would be middle ground – a very soft x-ray which few meters can detect. There is a Rydberg multiple at ~625 eV but it seems crazy to suggest that this would be a favored value for Mills’ theory as it doesn’t turn up in any of his papers. The BEC cluster of deuterons which are bound to each other by a poorly understood mechanism are said to contain around 100 atoms by Miley’s group and less than that by Holmlid who sees the structure as linear as opposed to globular. Apparently both seem to believe the numberof atoms in a BEC is not random. I am wondering if the common denominator between energies which are hi-chem but low-nuke has anything to do with Don Hotson’s EPO. Why? The ionization potential of positronium is 6.8 eV. Hotson envisioned a universal background “aether” to be composed of EPOs – basically positronium in 4 space. Presumably it would still have the same characteristic binding energy. Thus, In a cluster of around 100 deuterons at 2 pm separation, bound in some kind of stable arrangement, if about 93 of them acted as a single unit in decay, then possibly the result would be a single photon of this value 630 eV. That is a huge stretch as there is absolutely no reason to suspect that there could be such a favored number of atoms nor that they would act in unison. But QM is strange and QCD is stranger. There are no satisfactory explanations for now - but the beauty of the recent news from Mizuno is that now - at long last there appears to be a justifiable expectation for finding on demand power at the kilowatt level without gamma radiation. The real clincher of the announcement is the image that has been imprinted on physicists everywhere - that fabulous image of the Mizuno reactor taken in from of a fireplace, reportedly providing winter time heat in one of the colder parts of Japan. An instant classic !! Jones
