Hi Bob,
The "critical volume" idea I proposed was mostly based on the simple
observation that in loosely similar experiments using much lower amounts
of catalyst material (perhaps a few hundred milligrams at most in the
experiments for example reported by Holmlid and sometimes cited here by
Jones Beene; he uses commercially-available iron oxide catalyst that
about anybody can craft or purchase) only a very small fraction of the
admitted hydrogen over the catalyst seemingly transitions to a denser
state. It has to be so, otherwise the excess heat generated by even just
the condensation energy of the H atoms to the dense state would be quite
evident and there would be extensive reports not only about reproducible
LENR but also about meltdowns in the chemical industry where the same
catalysts are used in practice.
(thermal runaways in industrial reactors have been occasionally
reported, but for chemical reactions that are already exothermic in the
first place, so attributing them to LENR like some have done seems like
a stretch)
So, if this transition or compression of H atoms is a rare event, it
would be desirable to find a way to either increase the event rate by
"brute force", or to find local conditions that make these events more
probable. I think using a large amount of
ordinary/commercially-available catalyst material would fall in the
former scenario, while most LENR experiments using small amounts of
specially-crafted nanomaterials would be fall in the latter.
That's all; there was not too much thought into the idea.
Cheers, BA
On 2021-11-23 00:06, bobcook39...@hotmail.com wrote:
Hi Bill and others—
Ideas on LENR theory:
HYPOTHIS:
1. Some/Most of the Ni powder were individual crystals of Ni which
were a QM (entangled) systems of nucleons and atomic electrons
coupled by a magnagentic "B"| field.
2. The QM systems of my first assumption could be characterized
by equations (Hamiltonians) that characterize differing phases of
the pertinent QM system.
3. Angular momentum ands energy are conserved in the possible phases
of any QM system.
4. Positrons, electrons and neutrinos make up the elementary
particles of the assumed QM systems proposed in 1 above. (A nucleon
model proposed by William Stubbs is a key basis for this assumption.)
5. H or H2 when added tp the Ni powder become part to the QM system
as an additional lattice nucleons(s).
6. A fast LEMNR reaction involving a phonic increase in lattice
energy and angular momentum, an electron/positrons annihilations and a
nuclear transmutation with lower, total angular momentum and energy
equal to the respective increases of the lattice electrons.
7. Relatively slow cooling of the "hot" Ni crystals follows per
accepted theory.
NOTES:
1. AM is quantized at in increments pf h/2-pi.
2 Magnetic moments are associated with the AM of primary particles.
3. Toradol shaped rotating magnetic field may produce what is
commonly- called electric charge. So(4) physics may be applicable to
quantification. ( Jurg may have better ideas about this.)
Bob Cook
Sent from Mail <https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=550986> for
Windows
*From: *Bill Antoni <mailto:bantoni...@gmail.com>
*Sent: *Monday, November 22, 2021 1:18 PM
*To: *vortex-l@eskimo.com
*Subject: *Re: [Vo]:The "hero" LENR experiment ?
If hydrogen adsorbed on suitable catalysts can be made to desorb for
example with UV light, and if then a transition of the H atoms to a
compressed state in desorption also in turn causes the emission of UV
light (without focus on any theory in particular, although R. Mills
has studied such emissions with his Hydrinos) in a positive feedback
loop, one such laser might be possible, but it all depends on how
probable such transitions are. They are likely to be very rare with
ordinary, untreated hydrogen-active metals (Ni, Pd, Pt, etc) or also
more complex catalysts as used in commercial chemical reactors,
causing them to go unnoticed most of the time. So, it's unknown
whether such laser would be actually feasible in practice.
Although it will not work for a laser, with these mechanisms in mind,
perhaps a reactor composed of a very long coiled tube with the active
material coated on its internal walls could work more efficiently than
a big chamber with loose powder, while still being in principle
overall relatively simple to craft. The tube could be coiled around a
heater of some sort, and tube geometry and gas admission would have to
be such as to maximize repeated hydrogen contact with the catalyst
coated on the internal walls (e.g. a straight tube might not work well
and a free-flowing system could be better than one where hydrogen only
very slowly diffuses through the material) instead of just absorption
into the lattice as done in many gas-loaded LENR experiments.
I'm aware that one experiment by Mills or somebody else to verify his
theories used a long nickel tube in an electrolytic cell, but that
would be different than what I am thinking about here.
Cheers, BA
On 2021-11-22 19:54, Jones Beene wrote:
Hi Bill,
Your thought about "critical volume" is intriguing and brings up
the possibility of efficient self-lasing due to
adsorption/desorption and catalysis. Of interest would be the
violet H line at 410 nm for which there is already a secret US
Navy weapon in this category. Coincidence?
This could involve the possibility of a self-generating two-gas
laser where one gas is hydrogen and the other is hydrogen in the
collapsed state, formed in situ and making the device efficient
due to a UV emission cascade. This might explain why a
hemispherical reactor is useful (assuming reflectivity is enhanced)
In this regard, this old patent
https://patents.google.com/patent/US4159453A/en
<https://patents.google.com/patent/US4159453A/en>
and this article
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/lc/2008/839873/
<https://www.hindawi.com/journals/lc/2008/839873/>
seem to suggest that something like this possibility has been
considered before... and might explain why the Thermacore project
(with the Navy) was "apparently" canceled, despite the energy
anomaly.
Probably worth a deeper look...
Bill Antoni wrote:
Jones Beene wrote:
One further thought about the Thermacore runaway - is there a
potential lesson
there, for experiment design ?
There could be one lesson which can be called - GO BIG... but
also BEWARE if
you go big.
Perhaps there is something akin to critical mass, which is
important for
maximum gain, as in nuclear fission?
If there is a very small but non-zero chance for hydrogen to
undergo certain transitions as it's adsorbed-desorbed from the
catalyst material, then more than critical mass it could be a
matter of critical volume of catalyst through which hydrogen
travels before something occurs.
Perhaps that could explain why resonating systems are sometimes
suggested to work well. They might be able to maximize hydrogen
interaction events (defined as adsorption-desorption cycles) per
unit of time with the catalyst.
Just a simple thought.
Cheers, BA
