At 03:18 PM 7/30/2011, you wrote:
Damon Craig <<mailto:decra...@gmail.com>decra...@gmail.com> wrote:
What further amazes me is the degree of disconnect between simple
newtonian physics and everyday life experiences displayed by so many.
I agree. People seem to have no experience with teapots or steam cleaners.
Neither teapots nor steam cleaners are designed like an E-cat. They
don't have constant water flow input. They can't have overflow water,
it's not possible with their design and operation.
Storms, if I recall, misundersood how steam made its way along a
hose that also contained water.
No he did not. He pointed that the water in the hose would condense
the steam. He wrote:
"The chimney would fill with water through which steam would
bubble. The extra water would flow into the hose and block any
steam from leaving. As the water cooled in the hose, the small
amount of steam would quickly condense back to water. Consequently,
the hose would fill with water that would flow out the exit at the
same rate as the water entered the e-Cat."
Storms assumes that the water is below the boiling point. First of
all, the E-cat starts with water flowing through it, through the hose
into the drain. All the water. Then it's turned on. Eventually the
water entering the hose reaches 100 degrees. The hose has been heated
by this water all along, so the hose temperature would be near 100
degrees as well. Yes, it would cool, so the initial effect could be
some sparging of the steam. However, if steam is being generated, the
steam will transfer its heat to the water rapidly, it will all reach
100 C and the steam will blow it out of the way. As steam velocity
over the hose outlet increases, water will be entrained as well.
Dr. Storms has no experience with calorimetry like this, nor an
experimental setup like this. Nobody did. That's why it took so long
for so many to figure this out.
Storms' analysis did not consider the sequence, how the hose would
end up with "dry steam," if it did. Long before the steam was dry,
there would be mixed steam and water moving through the hose. A
little steam goes a long way. If there were full vaporization, the
steam velocity would be *very* high. Far below that, the steam
velocity would be quite adequate to carry all the water with it, and
the water flowing into the hose would be atomized. Very wet steam.
With full vaporization of the input flow, the steam would
theoretically be dry. For practical reasons, it would never be
completely dry. The only way to make completely dry steam is to superheat it.
Evidence of superheating is missing. The claim of dry steam, based on
a temperature of 100.5 C, where ambient boiling point was 99.6 C.,
was based on failure to understand that about 0.4 bar of pressure,
which could easily be created by steam generation only having a
narrow outlet, would raise the boiling point to explain that temperature.
Dr. Storms seems to think of "wet steam" as abnormal, and that wet
steam couldn't have more than a few percent liquid by mass. No,
actually, it could be very, very high. If only 10 percent of the
water were being vaporized, that would be plenty of steam to atomize
the flow, entirely. Very low quality steam, only 10% vapor by mass.
Isn't this highschool physics?
No, it isn't, but the heat of vaporization of steam is.
The problem is not the heat of vaporization. The problem is
determining the vapor content of the steam. Jed, you wrote again and
again that, of course a humidity meter could be used to measure steam
quality. After all, the thing reads in g/m^3! That was a very good
example of a newbie mistake. Sure, that humidity meter has that
scale. It's a calculated value, based on the mass of the vapor,
assuming the measured humidity. The meter doesn't determine liquid
water at all. That the meter cannot be used for steam quality
measurements has now been confirmed by the manufacturer.
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/news/2011/37/3718appendixc0.shtml for
the contacts with the manufacturer
and see also
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/news/2011/37/3719appendixc3.shtml for an
Italian engineer's analysis.
If, in fact, liquid water is accumulating in the hose, the steam
production must be quite low. Lots of people have done calculations
of steam velocity. If there is full vaporization, it's a hurricane in there!
