On Oct 8, 2011, at 12:23 PM, Taylor J. Smith wrote:
Hi Horace, 10-8-11
I don't understand the two attached captions
for your graph. Would you please put them in
plain text (ascii) for me?
Also, I would appreciate any explanation of the
graph you can give me.
Thanks, Jack Smith<rossi106.jpg><r2os106.jpg>
I have updated my review with a "DISCUSSION OF GRAPH" section, and
other corrections.
Thanks for the question!
Here it is:
DISCUSSION OF GRAPH
The legend tags are:
red circle - Pin (kW) [power in]
blue diamond - Pout (kW) [power out]
yellow square - Ein (kWh) [energy in]
brown triangle - Eout (kWh) [energy in]
The x axis shows elapsed time in minutes. The Y axis shows kw for
Pin and Pout, kWh for Ein and Eout.
It is important to show these values all on the same graph because it
clearly shows that once hot water is flowing, i.e. power is turned
off, quickly eliminating much steam volume, the excess heat values
show up immediately. Eout only crosses Ein, i.e. COP>1 occurs, only
once the electric power is mostly shut down.
During the first 130 minutes there is no hot water flow into the heat
exchanger because the E-cat is still filling up, and still heating
up, thus the blue line remains flat near zero. Once the flow begins
the over unity power begins. It is quickly elevated when the power
is turned off.
Notice the steep decline trend of the blue curve from 350 minutes to
550 minutes. This corresponds to the nearly linear drop in T2 (not
shown), which likely corresponds to a drop in the internal
temperature of the huge thermal mass of hot metal inside. It is most
notable the experiment was terminated when that temperature
approached 100°C.
Due to bad calorimetry, there is an "excess energy" explanation for
all the Rossi tests if one thinks in terms of how the output
thermometer can be affected by thermal wicking - an old problem
discussed many years ago with regards to metal thermometer wells in
CF cells.
The thermometer attached to the heat exchanger is right next to the
water/steam input to the heat exchanger. There is an insulated thick
metal heat conduit from the steam inlet to the Tout thermometer. When
steam goes into the heat exchanger it does not have enough specific
heat to provide a large false reading for Tout, which is maintained
at a lower temperature by the competing cold water flow. However,
when power is cut back, and pure nearly 100°C water is pumped to the
heat exchanger from the E-cat, that water has the thermal power to
drive up a large false temperature reading for Tout. This explains
why there is an upward temperature movement almost immediately every
time the electric power is cut back. The steam quickly abates,
leaving only a water flow due to the pump. The Tout thermocouple is
placed directly on the metal and under insulation, not placed in the
water, so this is a perfect situation in which to obtain false
temperature readings. This placement was described by Rossi in
NyTechnik video shown in the URL referenced above.
There is still enough energy stored in the metal thermal mass to
produce a bit of steam for 3.5 hours, on the order of 100 W or so.
This is enough to generate a percolator effect which makes the blue
line erratic as shown, due to slugs of water moving through the line.
It is notable that if a calibration run were made then this kind of
measuring error, if it exists, would show up as soon as the test
device were full and up to temperature and then the power cut back.
In the case of the thermometer hidden inside the Rossi device, and
previous devices, they are likely subject to direct wicking from a
large insulated metal thermal mass which heats up well beyond 100°C.
Also, steam present above the water line in the device, especially in
the chimney of the earlier devices, when the flow is reduced, is
subject to superheating to some degree. The 120°C temperature
recorded may just be a thermometry problem - easily solved by
measuring outlet temperature a small distance down the hose away from
the device itself, where the thermometer is not subject to direct
metal to metal thermal wicking.
It is notable that in this test the primary flow circuit is open.
Pressure should not build up inside the E-cat, unless valves are
present inside which close or partially close automatically near 100°
C. However, the water "condensed steam" flow through the heat
exchanger was manually verified, indicating a significant flow was
present, indicating the pressure should not be high inside the E-
cat. Yet a higher than 100°C reading was present for the thermometer
inside the E-cat. That indicates a good possibility that this high
reading is merely a systematic false reading.
This is a hypothetical explanation of the graph. Others, involving
genuine excess energy, have been made.
Best regards,
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
