Axil, Excellent series of posts on Rydberg Matter.  Very informative.  Thanks.  
I now have a better understanding.

My question centers on speculation about how Rossi might be creating Rydberg 
matter of Cesium or Potassium as you speculate.  Tell me if my speculation 
makes sense.

In Rossi's earlier reactor design, I speculate he had a cylindrical reactor 
with a wire in the middle which he subjects to high voltage.  The high voltage 
creates sparks.  The high voltage may have been applied at a specific 
frequency.  I suspect the high voltage applied at just the right frequency 
would create tons of and tons of Rydberg matter via sparking.  I am thinking 
that if the frequency were too low, there would not be enough Rydberg matter 
created.  If the frequency were too high, it would possibly create a too high 
localized temperature to "cook" and melt the nickel powder rendering its 
nanostructures inert thereby killing the LENR reactions.  I'm thinking the 
trick is to find out the right amount of sparking - enough to create tons of 
Rydberg matter but not too much to melt the nickel nanostructures.  It would 
also be important to design the heat and convective flow inside the reactor to 
properly distribute the heat.

With this cylindrical setup, the nickel powder would be "bunching" at the 
bottom of the cylindrical reactor.  Applying repeated sparking onto this pile 
would increase the chances of melting the nickel nanostructure due to increased 
localized high temperatures due to sparking.  This would explain Rossi's 
quiescence problem.  He can only apply sparks for so long till the Ni powders 
would melt. 

To solve this quiescense problem, Rossi had to figure out how to distribute the 
sparks over a wider area - basically he has to spread the nickel powder.  I 
believe this is what prompted Rossi to design his "FAT Cat" design.  If I 
remember correctly, his home E-Cat was shaped like a laptop with the reactor 
itself being only 20x20x1 cm in dimensions.  This is essentially two metal 
plates separated by a thin layer of pressurized hydrogen.  The nickel is spread 
out thinly over the surface of the plate.  He then subjects the plates to high 
voltage to create sparks.  He controls the amount of sparks by varying the 
frequency of the high voltage.  If he needs more reaction, he increases the 
frequency of the sparks creating more Rydberg matter to catalyze more 
reactions.  If he lowers the amount of sparks, he lowers the reaction rate.  
Spreading the Ni powder would also have the effect of spreading the heat 
thereby minimizing the chances of too high localized temperatures.

In DGT's design, they have cylindrical reactors machined from a big block of 
steel.  I believe they would then put a wire in the middle just like Rossi's 
original design.  (I believe that the purpose of the "window" in DGT's test 
reactors is to observe the sparks during testing.)  DGT minimized the quiescene 
problem by using Ni sparingly and spreading it  out over a longer cylindrical 
reactor.  Rossi's cylindrical reactor was short and fat, hence his Ni powder 
would be bunched up in the bottom.  DGT's cylindrical design was longer and 
thinner, thereby spreading the Ni powder, minimizing quiescense as they claimed.

To me this appears to be evident.  I believe part of the electronics in Rossi's 
blue control box is electronics for controlling the sparking rate, which he 
calls "RF".  

So basically, I think you may be right about Rydberg matter.  I think the 
strategy is to design a reactor that would subject the Ni and catalyst mix to 
sparks promoting the creation of Rydberg matter.  Then make sure that there is 
sufficient turbulence inside the rreactor to agitate and blow the powder all 
over thereby minimizing the chances of "cooking" the powder while 
simultaneously increasing the chances of a chance encounter between the Rydberg 
matter catalyst and the Ni nuclei.  

So, essentially, I think the secret is sparks with lots of  turbulent mixing. I 
have designed a new reactor setup to try out these ideas.  I will have a 
horizontal cylindrical reactor with a "stripped" spark plug electrode as the 
high voltage source.  I will then drive this spark plug with an Ignition coil 
actuated by a Power MOSFET driven by the PWM output of my MF-28 data 
acquisition module.  I will program the sparking frequency by controlling the 
rate of PWM output.  (Later on, I will program a feedback mechanism to lower 
the sparking rate if the temperature gets too high.)  The trick would then be 
to find the right amount of sparking for the highest amount of heat production. 
 To increase chances of success, I will be including all elements suggested as 
catalyst - ie iron, carbon, copper, tungsten, sodium,  potassium and cesium, 
although cesium might be harder to acquire.

What do you think of my plan?

Once again, thanks for sharing your theoretical understanding so that we 
engineers can build and do the experiments.

Jojo






  ----- Original Message ----- 
  From: Axil Axil 
  To: vortex-l@eskimo.com 
  Sent: Wednesday, March 21, 2012 4:31 AM
  Subject: Re: [Vo]:Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol



  Hi Bob,

  Much thanks for your interest in this post.

  In order to answer your question properly, it’s going to take some time… so 
be patient.

  I will respond in a series of posts.

  Post #1

  Bob Higgins asked: “Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron”.

  Axil answers:

  Besides hydrogen, many other elements and even various chemical compounds can 
take the form of Rydberg matter. 

  For example in the Rossi reactor, I now suspect that the ‘secret sauce’ that 
Rossi tells us catalyzes his reaction is cesium in the form of Rydberg matter. 
I say this because of the 400C internal operating temperature range that Rossi 
says his reactor operates at. 

  If this internal operating temperature is actually 500C, then the reactor may 
be hot enough for his secret sauce to be potassium based Rydberg matter.

  Bob Higgins asked: “With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy, how 
can such a phenomenon be considered inside a nickel lattice?”  

  Axil answers:

  This Rydberg matter never gets inside the lattice of the micro powder. This 
complex crystal can grow very large (1). It sits on the surface of the pile of 
micro-powder where under the influence of its strong dipole moment, coherent 
electrostatic radiation of just the right frequency lowers the coulomb barrier 
of the nickel nuclei. 
   

  Because this is an electrostatically mediated reaction, only the surface of 
the nickel micro-grain is affected. The electromagnetic field cannot penetrate 
inside the nickel grain.

  But this field does penetrate deeply in and among the various grains of the 
pile of powder to generate a maximized reaction with every grain contributing.

  The electrostatic radiation of this dipole moment catalyzes the fusion 
reaction. In detail, this strong dipole moment lowers this coulomb barrier of 
the nuclei of the nickel just enough to allow a entangled proton cooper pair to 
tunnel inside the nickel nucleus, but not enough to allow the nickel atoms of 
the lattice to fuse.

  Micro powder allows for a large surface area relative to the total volume of 
nickel. More surface area allows for more cold fusion reaction. This is why the 
use of micro powder is a breakthrough in cold fusion technology.

  On page 7 of the reference, this aspect of the experiment is revealing:

  “In order to complete the story of transformation, we should consider this 
problem: where does the transformation take place, either throughout the whole 
space of the explosion chamber or only in the plasma channel? To answer this 
question, we carried out experiments with uranium salts (uranyl sulfate, 
UO2SO4) [3].”

  The answer that they found was as follows: throughout the whole space of the 
explosion chamber.

  This is to be expected because the coherent dipole moment of Rydberg matter 
is extremely strong and long ranged.  It is like an electromagnetic laser beam 
that can exert its influence over a distance of centimeters. 




  (1) LeClair said he saw the size of one of his crystals as large as a few 
centimeters.
     













   

  On Tue, Mar 20, 2012 at 9:56 AM, Bob Higgins <rj.bob.higg...@gmail.com> wrote:

    Nice posts on the Rydberg effects, Axil.  I like reading them.  Please 
continue posting them.  But, I am confused.  Could you can help me understand 
these questions:

    Rydberg hydrogen has a very loosely bound electron.  How would these 
Rydberg electrons survive high temperature phonon collisions without the atom 
becoming ionized and as a result breaking up the condensate?

    With such large orbitals as Rydberg electrons occupy, how can such a 
phenomenon be considered inside a nickel lattice?  The electron orbitals would 
extend greater than the nickel lattice spacing.  Other condensates are 
possible, but why would you think these are Rydberg?  While we know that the 
LENR appears to happen at the surface, and it also appears to require support 
from within the lattice (loading) - so it sounds like some kind of condensate 
effect is needed within the lattice.

    In the NanoSpire case, it is not clear how the H-O-H-O- crystals that form 
are Rydberg.  What evidence supports this?  They may be some kind of 
condensate, but not necessarily Rydberg.

    The large dipole moments you describe would certainly make it easy for the 
Rydberg atoms to couple to other atoms electronically and form a condensate 
from that coupling.  However, I don't see how that strong dipole provides 
support for the charge evidence that you described from NanoSpire.  Can you 
explain that a little more?

      On Sun, Mar 18, 2012 at 11:03 PM, Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> wrote:
        Rydberg matter and the leptonic monopol

        This post is third in the series on Rydberg matter which includes as 
follows:

        Cold Fusion Magic Dust

        Rydberg matter and cavitation


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