Axil, I am searching for a mechanism that prevents the gammas from being released during the reaction. In my estimation, if they are released it will be nearly impossible to safely absorb them. The entangled or coupled proton concept appears to get around several of the major obstacles provided that it is valid.
Thanks for digging up the range of the strong force and related information. If you take the diameter of the nucleons of 1.6 - 1.7 fm and divide it by two you get approximately .825 fm. It looks interesting that .7 fm is the closest range that one can come toward the nucleus before it becomes strongly repulsive. That is virtually in contact at that range (.825 - .7) and if they were structurally hard items then this makes a lot of sense. I also find the fact that the distance at which the strong force becomes insignificant of 2.5 fm suggestive. I am expecting to see an enormous amount of acceleration of the proton if it is to radiate energy within the gamma frequency range. The mass of a proton is significantly larger than an electron so the force required to enable it to radiate electromagnetic energy in that range has to be extreme. If you consider that the proton travels only a short distance (2.5 - .85 fm) after the strong force prevails during which time all of the coulomb barrier energy (~5 MeV) and most of the binding energy (~8 MeV) is imparted upon it, you are witnessing an amazing acceleration event. I believe that it is generally accepted that the photon is the particle associated with electromagnetic interactions. Does this suggest that if we measure electromagnetic radiation in the form of a gamma ray that it is the result of one of these interactions? I do not recall any other method of releasing electromagnetic radiation except by accelerating a charged particle. Perhaps you or some other members of the vort have seen cases where this is not true. Any cases presented as evidence against this proposition must be reliable and not obscured by measurement difficulties. For instance, if it is suggested that gamma rays are emitted by an excited nucleus then the proven physical release mechanism should be stated. Only then can it be determined to be unrelated to accelerated charges. Can the strong force release any form of radiation that escapes into the distant world? I suspect that it can only release energy that we detect by causing one or more of the charged particles within the nucleus to undergo acceleration. The form of this acceleration might be rotational as in a rapidly spinning nucleus. Some would expect this energy of rotation to be quantized and why not? Also, the efficiency of a extremely tiny radiator of this nature would be poor for low frequency emission since the charges are so closely help in tight quarters. But on the other hand I can not imagine that the nucleus could rotate at a rate that supports gamma frequencies. Forgive me guys for going off on a tangent here as my thoughts attempt to build a model ever more inclusive. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Axil Axil <janap...@gmail.com> To: vortex-l <vortex-l@eskimo.com> Sent: Wed, Jun 27, 2012 2:55 am Subject: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]: Dave’s Demon and Radiation Free LENR If 100 or more protons work as a team, then I would estimate that as example a gamma ray with an energy of 8 MeV would instead distribute the energy into an average of 80 keV slices. I am pleased that you now consider entangled protons as a possible mechanism for the thermalization of gamma radiations in the Ni-H reaction. The binding energy made available by the fusion reaction is transferred to the coherent and entangled ensemble of protons when the fusion process completes. Whenever energy on any kind is transferred within an entangled ensemble, this assemblage becomes decoherent. As Dr. Kim states, this thermalization process can be proven when the nuclear reaction products from the Ni-H reaction are characterized. These products of double proton fusion are unique and are easily described. On another note… My helpful demon indicates that the energy from a Rossi type proton addition reaction can be slowly absorbed if a force is available that retards the normal proton acceleration due to the strong force interaction. The force is powerfully attractive between nucleons at distances of about 1 femtometer (fm) between their centers, but rapidly decreases to insignificance at distances beyond about 2.5 fm. At very short distances less than 0.7 fm, it becomes repulsive, and is responsible for the physical size of nuclei, since the nucleons can come no closer than the force allows. To put the range of the strong force into perspective, since the proton is about 1.6–1.7 fm in diameter, the effective range of the strong force is no more than one diameter of the proton. The proton does not have much of a chance to accelerate with an effective range of only one proton diameter to do it in. Cheers: Axil On Wed, Jun 27, 2012 at 1:36 AM, David Roberson <dlrober...@aol.com> wrote: In this particular situation I was referring to a feature of hot fusion reactions where the parts that fuse contain the necessary kinetic energy that is converted into potential energy as the nuclei come closer together. The source of the kinetic energy is temperature in the millions of degrees range and the reactants are in the form of plasma as a result. The high temperature also forces the plasma to be far less dense than a crystalline solid. I recall that the density of atoms within a crystal is orders of magnitude more than within a hot plasma. This density information is available if you need a more accurate estimate but it will take a bit of effort to locate it. Perhaps one of the vorts will supply it from memory. My main reason for mentioning this factor is to suggest that the far larger number of protons per volume present within LENR devices would allow coupling between them that can not readily occur within a plasma. I believe that many of the unusual features of LENR devices would become evident if significant coupling of free protons is proven to occur within the crystal structure. If 100 or more protons work as a team, then I would estimate that as example a gamma ray with an energy of 8 MeV would instead distribute the energy into an average of 80 keV slices. My helpful demon indicates that the energy from a Rossi type proton addition reaction can be slowly absorbed if a force is available that retards the normal proton acceleration due to the strong force interaction. Remember that this is a hypothesis and the coupling between a significant number of protons has not been proven. Also, it needs to be shown that the gamma ray that is typically released at the moment that the proton enters the nucleus originates from the acceleration of that proton and not some other mechanism. It is well established that an accelerated charged particle releases electromagnetic radiation and therefore I would be surprised if none were to be emitted as the strong force grabs hold of the proton that has breached the coulomb barrier. There also should be radiation emission during the initial approach of the proton while it is under the influence of coulomb repulsion by the positively charged nucleus unless this process proceeds at a steady rate. I want to mention that my thoughts are based upon classical physics models and some quantum mechanics behavior might render them inoperable. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Eric Walker <eric.wal...@gmail.com> To: vortex-l <vortex-l@eskimo.com> Sent: Tue, Jun 26, 2012 10:24 pm Subject: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]:Re: [Vo]: Dave’s Demon and Radiation Free LENR On Tue, Jun 26, 2012 at 9:31 AM, David Roberson <dlrober...@aol.com> wrote: The density of the plasma is many times lower than in our LENR case so components are further apart by necessity. Could you clarify what you have in mind, here? Pons and Fleischmann initially thought that they were creating a system in which incredible pressure was being exerted upon the deuterium by the palladium lattice. I think the consensus now is that the effective pressure on deuterium and hydrogen loaded in a crystal like that is not actually all that much, and that the mechanism must be due to something other than the interstitial spacing of hydrogen between metal atoms. I actually like the idea of high pressure driving the reaction, but the pressure would not arise from loading. Eric