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Karpen's pile This device has all the earmarks of a nanoplasmonic system almost identical in concept if not structure to Piantelli's reactor. A highly pitted platinum surface is covered with an excellent dielectric, pure sulfuric acid(100). Gold provides the supporting substrate, The pits in the platinum produce optical cavities that capture heat and electrons that will form polariton vortexes. The uncertainty principle will increase the energy levels in the optical cavities as more electrons and photons are captured until solitons explode in a bosenova. The increase in EMF energy is converted into electrons and a potential is formed to drive a current. Just like Karpen's pile, Piantelli has reported the creation of charge in his device.