Dave-- My additional thoughts on the pairing of electrons.
The atomic chart reveals electronic structure of electrons in shells at various distances from the nucleus. The inner shells have fewer electrons than the outer shells have and the inner shells when filled are filled with an even number of electrons that have been paired. As I understand the theory such configurations are stable minimum energy states. Thus pair electrons constitute a lower energy state than single unpaired electrons in an atom would. However, since the electrons can not occupy the same energy state within a QM coherent system, even any given pair do not have the same energy. This is because the spin of each electron is on average opposite to its paired neighbor. I am not aware of experimental data that has indicated what the average separation is. In the theory I believe it is quite close and at an equilibrium position that balances a spin attractive force to the coulomb repulsion force. It is I would guess like the Cooper Pairing we have discussed in the past and potentially act like a boson with 0 spin. If the magnetic field of an electron is cancelled out by the opposite magnetic field of its pair, the resulting field is null. Thus paramagnetic materials that have a high magnetic susceptibility have lots of unpaired electrons in their electronic structure that are able to line up in an external field and increase the resulting magnetic field, those with fewer pairs respond to a lesser degree to a external field. Even though the electrons are paired, they do not lose their charge and they represent a -2e charge at a distance from the pair that is great with respect to the distance between the charges in the paired electron quasiparticle. ----- Original Message ----- From: David Roberson To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Wednesday, April 30, 2014 9:21 PM Subject: Re: [Vo]:Electron Repulsion Versus Distance Bob, I am a bit confused about how the electron pair acts like a -2 charge in an atom according to your theory. Do you visualize the -2 charge pair orbiting a nucleus of hydrogen for example in this description? Or, are they moving together as a pair that does not require a positive charge to keep them together? It is good to see that you have been considering the pairing of electrons as a unit. That is the root of my question about whether or not electrons repel each other at all normal distances. Much depends upon how the spin generated magnetic field falls off with distance when compared with electric field fall off. The Dirac articles imply that the energy associated with the spin magnetic field is greater than that of the energy needed to free up the epos. I find this very interesting and also leads me to question the normal pair production concept. My tendency is to cling to the COE with all claws until no other explanation can be proven. If epos actually exist, they would be neutral and difficult to isolate. One might suggest that a large magnetic field might be able to pull them apart in a matter somewhat like we are considering for the activity of LENR systems. There seems to be so many possible avenues to explore as we attempt to explain how nuclear reactions can occur at low temperatures. Spin coupling via strong magnetic forces still offers the best solutions in my estimate. It will be ironic if it turns out that the high energy physics experiments totally miss this means of interaction due to the very fact that they operate at such elevated energy levels and low densities. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Bob Cook <frobertc...@hotmail.com> To: vortex-l <vortex-l@eskimo.com> Sent: Wed, Apr 30, 2014 6:50 pm Subject: Re: [Vo]:Electron Repulsion Versus Distance Dave-- Also it has been my concept that the pair act like a -2 charge in an atom. The dipole interaction distance is fairly short compared to the 1/r associated with a bare charge. I also like to think of the attraction as a spin coupling effect not unlike the spin orbit force discussed in the following item: The mechanism is not described very well in this item however. arXiv.org > nucl-ex > arXiv:1401.1593v1 Bob ----- Original Message ----- From: MarkI-ZeroPoint To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Wednesday, April 30, 2014 8:06 AM Subject: RE: [Vo]:Electron Repulsion Versus Distance Dave asked: The fact that a pair of electrons can work together even though they are repelled by the electric charge they possess leads me to wonder how they ever work as a pair. Just one more of the inconsistencies in modern fizzix dogma If the electron/hole is modeled as a dipole-like oscillation, then the answer to your question Is very simple two electron-oscillations 180 degrees out of phase will couple, and the complementary ends together will cancel what we call charge, the pair is free to move w/o being influenced by other charged entities in the lattice. -Mark From: David Roberson [mailto:dlrober...@aol.com] Sent: Wednesday, April 30, 2014 7:57 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: [Vo]:Electron Repulsion Versus Distance We have been discussing spin coupling as one element that might allow LENR to proceed without dangerous radiation emissions. And, it is well known that super conductive materials use Cooper pairs of electrons to operate. The fact that a pair of electrons can work together even though they are repelled by the electric charge they possess leads me to wonder how they ever work as a pair. The force of repulsion between two like charges varies as the square of the distance separating them according to the E field distribution. The closer they approach each other, the stronger is the repulsion. But magnetic near field effects vary as the third order with distance for two pole sources. If the electrons find a way to allow the magnetic attraction to be positive by for example having opposite spin, then is there a certain distance where the two forces balance out? If so, one might expect the two to actually become attracted to each other when closer approach occurs. So, does spin of an electron lead to a magnetic field that can actually allow a pair to become attracted at very close ranges? If the attraction possibility exists would it be demonstrated in a beam of electrons traveling within a vacuum? The relative velocity and hence temperature variation along the beam can be reduced significantly by adjusting the source and control electrodes. Another question that immediately comes to the table is whether or not pairs of electrons are the natural manner in which they exist within metals, etc. Do techniques exist that can prove that they are individuals under normal conditions or do we just make that assumption? Perhaps slightly elevated temperatures break apart the weak connection that exists between pairs or relatively small electromagnetic fields tear them apart under test conditions. One observation that appears valid is that electrons certainly occur in pairs around nuclei. Could that be their normal state of existence? Dave