Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Kevin Fenzi]

On Tue, Nov 08, 2022 at 12:59:52AM -, Jake D wrote:
> I am still getting emails. Unsure if you have actioned this yet.

I have, I can confirm you are not subscribed anymore. 
So, you should likely not get this (or any other emails from the list). 

If you still do, can you forward directly to me one of the emails you
got with all the headers and I can track down where it's coming from. 

kevin


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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

I am still getting emails. Unsure if you have actioned this yet.

I have had someone else tell me to use this Pagure website when I was trying to 
close my Ask Fedora site too, and as I said there: despite repeated attempts my 
login details do not work to log into that page, which appears to be an 
entirely different and rather suspect sit, which doesn't seem at all associated 
with HyperKitty.

So I'm not sure how to proceed. It seems like Fedora community platforms are as 
broken as the operating system itself.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

Astounding  that in the face of someone telling you "You are not helping", your 
conclusion is to decide you are helpful,  pat yourself on the back for it, and 
declare they have an 'attitude problem'. The lack of anything resembling 
self-awareness is almost comical, and I'm starting to understand now why Linux 
consistently fails to attract a meaningful market share.

I have no objections to this being archived, certainly. Frankly I wish there'd 
been a warning on the Fedora download page.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Kevin Fenzi]

On Mon, Nov 07, 2022 at 03:23:00AM -, Jake D wrote:
...snip...
> 
> Now, can anyone tell me how to close a HyperKitty account? Or is that also 
> too much to ask?

Theres no seperate HyperKitty account, it's just a Fedora account used
to login there. 

I've gone ahead and unsubscribed you from this list, so you shouldn't
get any more emails from it. 

If you want to close your account, file a request at:

https://pagure.io/fedora-pdr

kevin


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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Doug Herr]

On Sun, Nov 6, 2022, at 5:15 PM, Jake D wrote:
> If any new users come looking, my (and his) advice was/is: Don't use Fedora.

I think this is a very good thread to have in the archive. I don't think it 
shows that you should not use Fedora. I think it clearly shows that the 
community is ready and willing to help and that you need to actually 
participate in that process.

It also demonstrates how a bad attitude will lead to poor outcomes.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Patrick O'Callaghan]

On Mon, 2022-11-07 at 02:02 -0500, Felix Miata wrote:
> Most using email for reading and responding rather than the
> HyperKitty web
> interface to the list probably have no ideas about how to "close a
> HyperKitty
> account". I have no idea whether I have any such account. My
> subscriptions to
> Fedora mailing lists started long before HyperKitty existed.

AFAIK there is no such thing as a "HyperKitty account". HyperKitty is a
lame (IMHO) web interface running off the Mailman list management
system. The OP needs to unsubscribe from the list, that's all.

As he already said he keeps getting mail, presumably he's also getting
the footers which indicate how to unsubscribe, but just in case, here
they are again:

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poc
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Felix Miata]

Joe Zeff composed on 2022-11-06 21:57 (UTC-0700)

> Jake D wrote:

>> Now, can anyone tell me how to close a HyperKitty account? Or is that also 
>> too much to ask?

> All you need to do is read the footer that the list puts at the bottom 
> of every message and you will know how to unsubscribe from the list.
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Anyone asking the question Jake asks isn't likely to be seeing any list footers.
HyperKitty, unlike its superior archive predecessor, reformats messages for web
display, excluding footers, and making a mess of columnar data with 
inappropriate
line wrapping.

Most using email for reading and responding rather than the HyperKitty web
interface to the list probably have no ideas about how to "close a HyperKitty
account". I have no idea whether I have any such account. My subscriptions to
Fedora mailing lists started long before HyperKitty existed.
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Joe Zeff]

On 11/06/2022 08:23 PM, Jake D wrote:

Now, can anyone tell me how to close a HyperKitty account? Or is that also too 
much to ask?


All you need to do is read the footer that the list puts at the bottom 
of every message and you will know how to unsubscribe from the list.

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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

> On Nov 6, 2022, at 20:16, Jake D  wrote:
> 
> (I doubt the OP will read this, but in case other new users do…)

I dont really have a choice! For some reason every single reply is still being 
emailed directly to me


> I’m part of the Fedora community and while I’ve largely stayed in the 
> periphery, I feel it
> has been welcoming to new users. I hope there are others who agree. 
> 
> However, it’s been several decades since I could consider myself a new Linux 
> user, so I’m
> not really a good judge of what is user friendly to novice users.


As a new user, I am telling you - it absolutely has not been. 

If people want to ignore that feedback and tell themselves they think they are 
welcoming and helpful, I can't do anything more than making it very clear you 
doing so in the face of direct information to the contrary.

Now, can anyone tell me how to close a HyperKitty account? Or is that also too 
much to ask?
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jonathan Billings]

On Nov 6, 2022, at 20:16, Jake D  wrote:
> 
> If any new users come looking, my (and his) advice was/is: Don't use Fedora. 
> 
> I think the reasons for that are abundantly clear already. I'm not going to 
> waste his time further. 
> 
> I dont really even want to waste my time further, but I can't seem to delete 
> my hyperkitty account. That  seems to be another case of Missing Fedora 
> Functions. Which is funny - I thought Microsoft was the one that trapped 
> people and data into systems

(I doubt the OP will read this, but in case other new users do…)
 
I think what you said is a bit unfair. No one is trying to waste your time. No 
one is intentionally trying to prevent you from solving your issues (as you 
said in your last mail). Several people tried to help, but were unable to due 
to not having all the details and the nature of the forum.

I’m part of the Fedora community and while I’ve largely stayed in the 
periphery, I feel it has been welcoming to new users. I hope there are others 
who agree. 

However, it’s been several decades since I could consider myself a new Linux 
user, so I’m not really a good judge of what is user friendly to novice users.

--
Jonathan Billings
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

If any new users come looking, my (and his) advice was/is: Don't use Fedora. 

I think the reasons for that are abundantly clear already. I'm not going to 
waste his time further. 

I dont really even want to waste my time further, but I can't seem to delete my 
hyperkitty account. That  seems to be another case of Missing Fedora Functions. 
Which is funny - I though Microsoft was the one that trapped people and data 
into systems
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[stan via users]

On Sun, 06 Nov 2022 12:13:44 -
"Jake D"  wrote:

[snip]

> many also having been lured onto  Fedora ...), and thus I was put in
> touch with one of the course tutors.
> 
> I copied my first post through to him, and in about  10 minutes and
> two emails of plain, easy language, it was fixed. I didn't write down
> the exact commands as I was otherwise focused, but I do recall that
> we had to open the 'crypt tab' on the encrypted drive first, get the
> volumes name, then close it and re-open again with crypt setup but
> using this name. this seemed to resolve the error message I was
> having, and everything went smoothly from there, re-installing grub
> then initramfs.
> 
> The fact that this was so easy and close to my original steps, makes
> me suspicious that people here knew all along, but were rather
> choosing to withhold information or present it cryptically to prove
> some kindof of 'point', as if I deserve to be punished for not
> knowing enough answer a question before I even ask it. The tutor
> himself alluded to this in his email:
> 
> "They're very much like Arch in this way - a whole lot of ego tied up
> in "their" software, and the tone of your thread is pretty typical of
> them. mailing lists tend to be particularly bad, a lot of
> self-appointed 'senior' users who gatekeep pretty hard. 

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/users@lists.fedoraproject.org/thread/XIP7PXX5DB5FTVZNMDI5YNXPOJ5CCQL2/

Could you have the course tutor post his fix for your situation as a
reply to the archive of the thread you started.  It shouldn't take him
a whole lot of time, since the fix was so easy, and it will help anyone
with a similar problem who finds your thread with a search in the
future.

Imagine if someone had done this prior to your problem, and you had
searched and found it.  Would you be thankful?
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[George N. White III]

On Sun, Nov 6, 2022 at 8:13 AM Jake D 
wrote:

> Well, an update.
>
> [...] I was put in touch with one of the course tutors.
>
> I copied my first post through to him, and in about  10 minutes and two
> emails of plain, easy language, it was fixed. I didn't write down the exact
> commands as I was otherwise focused, but I do recall that we had to open
> the 'crypt tab' on the encrypted drive first, get the volumes name, then
> close it and re-open again with crypt setup but using this name. this
> seemed to resolve the error message I was having, and everything went
> smoothly from there, re-installing grub then initramfs.
>

 From the list: "This is probably easier in a live discussion on IRC or
Matrix. There's just too much back and forth required."

The fact that this was so easy and close to my original steps, makes me
> suspicious that people here knew all along,


They do know, but you failed to provide the level of detail needed to
understand your exact situation, which is why
the one-on-one communication is so important.


> but were rather choosing to withhold information or present it cryptically
> to prove some kindof of 'point', as if I deserve to be punished for not
> knowing enough answer a question before I even ask it. The tutor himself
> alluded to this in his email:
>
> "They're very much like Arch in this way - a whole lot of ego tied up in
> "their" software, and the tone of your thread is pretty typical of them.
> mailing lists tend to be particularly bad, a lot of self-appointed 'senior'
> users who gatekeep pretty hard.
>
> There's been a pretty sus push lately on various socials etc about how
> 'Fedora is the new Ubuntu' but honestly we want neither being used by
> students, for different reasons (i pushed for distributing standardized
> environments but).
>

You should not put much stock in those socials.   I work with many users
new to linux (because my field relies on
applications that are not fully functional on Windows) and recommend they
start by looking around their institution
to see what others are using so they can get that one-on-one help if they
get into difficulties.


> Neither are really stable and are really just enterprises using the public
> for free beta testing. fedora esp isn't well tested and is  not fit at all
> for daily driving by average/new users (as we're seeing!) but also the
> community is absolutely not one we want students having to engage with.
> ever.
>

The tradeoff for the beta testing is that developers and integrators get an
early look at changes that may appear in long-term
support or "stable" releases.

 [Redacted] and I'll probably touch on this in the first tute  - looks like
> the first week is just going to be setting up environments anyway so we'll
> just work that into the CLO's but either way we'll get you sorted "
>

I have taught practical sessions in workshops for select groups of PhD
researchers where some applications required
(Ubuntu) linux.  Each student was provided a laptop, so we did not have to
deal with diverse hardware.  We found it
important to spend the first two afternoons on some linux basics and then
have students install  linux (vm or dual boot
depending on their individual requirements).

So - in the end, I *did* go with a fresh installation - Debian! But to
> perhaps fix what is clearly a much larger, different  problem.
>

Debian has stable and unstable releases.  Debian unstable and Fedora both
introduce new stuff, but make different
choices.


> I'm fairly sure this won't go down well, but that itself is rather the
> issue here. Nonetheless,  I do certainly want to close this record in case
> anyone else comes looking to solve a similar problem, but also making it
> clear the impact your collective conduct has had, whether you can admit it
> or not.
>
> I won't say 'thanks' but I will say: You've certainly all left an
> impression.
>

I'm glad you got your course requirement sorted out.  Having seen the
stress felt by students when a course nelects to
support the transition to linux, I can understand your frustration.  There
are students who do better when new stuff is
introduced gently, and the "move fast and break things" students who will
encounter setbacks.  Education sould
encourage each type of student to learn when it is better to move fast and
when to avoid breaking things.

-- 
George N. White III
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

Well, an update.

When I left this discussion, it had taken what I would describe diplomatically 
as an ...unhelpful turn. People were either repeatedly insisting that I "just 
reinstall" despite my explanations why this was not practical; lecturing me 
about panic psychology and/or their opinions on Windows;  engaged in 
inscrutable, arbitrary, highly technical tangents seemingly for their own 
gratification; or outright attacking me as a 'troll' for even having a problem 
in the first place.

Consequently, I gave up, and called the co-ordinator on Monday,  resigned  to 
probably having to withdraw from the course.

Fortunately (or, unfortunately?) I was not alone. A number of other prospective 
students had called in states of distress (apparently many also having been 
lured onto  Fedora ...), and thus I was put in touch with one of the course 
tutors.

I copied my first post through to him, and in about  10 minutes and two emails 
of plain, easy language, it was fixed. I didn't write down the exact commands 
as I was otherwise focused, but I do recall that we had to open the 'crypt tab' 
on the encrypted drive first, get the volumes name, then close it and re-open 
again with crypt setup but using this name. this seemed to resolve the error 
message I was having, and everything went smoothly from there, re-installing 
grub then initramfs.

The fact that this was so easy and close to my original steps, makes me 
suspicious that people here knew all along, but were rather choosing to 
withhold information or present it cryptically to prove some kindof of 'point', 
as if I deserve to be punished for not knowing enough answer a question before 
I even ask it. The tutor himself alluded to this in his email:

"They're very much like Arch in this way - a whole lot of ego tied up in 
"their" software, and the tone of your thread is pretty typical of them. 
mailing lists tend to be particularly bad, a lot of self-appointed 'senior' 
users who gatekeep pretty hard. 

There's been a pretty sus push lately on various socials etc about how 'Fedora 
is the new Ubuntu' but honestly we want neither being used by students, for 
different reasons (i pushed for distributing standardized environments 
but). 

Neither are really stable and are really just enterprises using the public for 
free beta testing. fedora esp isn't well tested and is  not fit at all for 
daily driving by average/new users (as we're seeing!) but also the community is 
absolutely not one we want students having to engage with. ever. 

 [Redacted] and I'll probably touch on this in the first tute  - looks like the 
first week is just going to be setting up environments anyway so we'll just 
work that into the CLO's but either way we'll get you sorted "

So - in the end, I *did* go with a fresh installation - Debian! But to perhaps 
fix what is clearly a much larger, different  problem. 

I'm fairly sure this won't go down well, but that itself is rather the issue 
here. Nonetheless,  I do certainly want to close this record in case anyone 
else comes looking to solve a similar problem, but also making it clear the 
impact your collective conduct has had, whether you can admit it or not. 

I won't say 'thanks' but I will say: You've certainly all left an impression.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[George N. White III]

On Fri, Oct 28, 2022 at 5:01 PM Chris Murphy 
wrote:

>
>
> On Fri, Oct 28, 2022, at 2:31 PM, Jake D wrote:
> > Hello all.
> >
> > I need some help.
>
>
> My opinion: This is probably easier in a live discussion on IRC or Matrix.
> There's just too much back and forth required.
>
> But the absolute easiest thing to do is mount the encrypted btrfs, make a
> backup of the home directory, and then clean install followed by restoring
> the home directory files from the backup.
>

Sound advice.

>
> Otherwise you and at just one other person have to have a fairly intense
> conversation about very low level esoterics. Boot is very distro specific.
> There's maybe two or three dozen steps to repair this setup. They all have
> to be exactly correct or it won't work. Much of this logic is in the
> installer.
>

and differs over time as well as distro, so is hard to deal with for those
of use who have to work with multiple distros and versions.

 has a summary
of the current linux
boot process, then discusses a proposal for a Unified Kernel Image (UKI)
that is intended to
improve security and simplify the user side of the configuration process.

-- 
George N. White III
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[stan via users]

On Sun, 30 Oct 2022 12:11:57 -0400
Felix Miata  wrote:

Thank you.

> stan via users composed on 2022-10-30 07:23 (UTC-0700):
> 
> >> Finally, I build /boot/grub2/custom.cfg from scratch that uses
> >> volume LABELs and symlinks to kernels and initrds, and customize
> >> /etc/grub.d/ to cause its entries to head Grub's menu.  
> 
> > I think this means that if you update any of the installed OSs, you
> > have to recreate the custom.cfg menu to incorporate the changes.
> > And  
> 
> Depends on the nature of the update. Only major updates may require
> updates, depending on specificity of labels used in building
> custom.cfg. If in upgrading a release, and you change the LABEL of
> the / filesystem, and depend on LABELs in boot stanzas, updating is
> required. Ordinary updates, such as new kernels, require no updates,
> because the symlinks used in custom.cfg don't change, only the
> initrds and kernels they point to. Distros I use other than Fedora
> create the required symlinks automatically, e.g. all Debians & its
> derivatives, openSUSE, Mageia.
> 
> > that you have to have a custom utility you run in order to do that.
> > Would you be willing to share that utility, and your customizations
> > of /etc/grub.d?  
> 
> I have had no compulsion to create any such utility. All it would to
> would be to automate symlink creation on Fedora when new kernels are
> installed that is done automatically by other distros.
> 
> My method of /etc/grub.d/ customization only requires making a copy
> of 40_custom named 06_custom, which puts custom.cfg's entries at the
> top of  Grub's boot menu.
> 
> > This will work great, but I wouldn't consider it trivial for a new
> > user of Fedora.  
> 
> That would depend on what makes a Fedora user a "new" Fedora user.
> New to Fedora but not new to Linux multibooting it ought to have
> already become trivial if multiple versions of any same distro had
> been employed. New to multibooting, whether or not new to Fedora, not
> so trivial, but it's newness to multibooting and/or UEFI that would
> be the bigger part of making it non-trivial.
> 
> 
> has an example of the simplicity of custom.cfg.
> 
> 
> has an even simpler method, chainloading, which I don't use because I
> don't want more than one distro messing with NVRAM's boot order.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Felix Miata]

stan via users composed on 2022-10-30 07:23 (UTC-0700):

>> Finally, I build /boot/grub2/custom.cfg from scratch that uses volume
>> LABELs and symlinks to kernels and initrds, and customize
>> /etc/grub.d/ to cause its entries to head Grub's menu.

> I think this means that if you update any of the installed OSs, you
> have to recreate the custom.cfg menu to incorporate the changes.  And

Depends on the nature of the update. Only major updates may require updates,
depending on specificity of labels used in building custom.cfg. If in upgrading 
a
release, and you change the LABEL of the / filesystem, and depend on LABELs in
boot stanzas, updating is required. Ordinary updates, such as new kernels, 
require
no updates, because the symlinks used in custom.cfg don't change, only the 
initrds
and kernels they point to. Distros I use other than Fedora create the required
symlinks automatically, e.g. all Debians & its derivatives, openSUSE, Mageia.

> that you have to have a custom utility you run in order to do that.
> Would you be willing to share that utility, and your customizations of
> /etc/grub.d?

I have had no compulsion to create any such utility. All it would to would be to
automate symlink creation on Fedora when new kernels are installed that is done
automatically by other distros.

My method of /etc/grub.d/ customization only requires making a copy of 40_custom
named 06_custom, which puts custom.cfg's entries at the top of  Grub's boot 
menu.

> This will work great, but I wouldn't consider it trivial for a new
> user of Fedora.

That would depend on what makes a Fedora user a "new" Fedora user. New to Fedora
but not new to Linux multibooting it ought to have already become trivial if
multiple versions of any same distro had been employed. New to multibooting,
whether or not new to Fedora, not so trivial, but it's newness to multibooting
and/or UEFI that would be the bigger part of making it non-trivial.


has an example of the simplicity of custom.cfg.


has an even simpler method, chainloading, which I don't use because I don't want
more than one distro messing with NVRAM's boot order.
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[stan via users]

On Fri, 28 Oct 2022 18:31:41 -
"Jake D"  wrote:

> I have an internal drive that used to successfully dual boot windows
> and a LUKS-encrypted F36 installation with BTRFS.
> 
> I also had some spare unpartitioned space, which I used to fully
> install some other linux distros (including another F36 installation)
> to troubleshoot other minor problems (a tri-boot, so to speak)
> 
> **What went wrong**
> 
> The new distros installed fine, but I discovered afterwards I could
> no longer find/boot into my original LUKS F36 installation. In my
For completeness:
The new installation of F36 overwrote the /boot/efi/EFI/fedora
partition, preventing the old F36 from booting. At this point you could
have booted into the new F36, mounted the old F36, chrooted to the old
F36, by performing the steps you did from the system recovery below, 

> I’ve managed to chroot (a very dumb word) thru a LiveUSB session,
> with the following commands:
> 
> >>cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0n1p6 fedora_crypt 
> >>mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/ -t btrfs -o subvol=root
> >>mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/home -t btrfs -o subvol=home
> >>mount /dev/nvme0n1p5 /mnt/boot
> >>mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
> >>mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
> >>mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
> >>mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
> >>mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
> >>mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/run
> >>mkdir -p /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/
> >>nano /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf (enter 'nameserver
> >>1.1.1.1', save) chroot /mnt  
> 
 
> >>dnf reinstall grub2-efi grub2-efi-modules shim  

This would have fixed the problem, allowing you to boot the original
F36, and no longer boot the new F36.

The problem is that both F36 installations used the same directory on
the ESP, and so collided.  There can only be one ESP (EFI partition)
per drive, I think that is a requirement of EFI.  So, you would have
to use either sdboot, or the technique Felix described in a later post
in order to boot multiple version of F36 using grub.  I don't think
either is trivial for a new user of Fedora, but your mileage might
differ.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Samuel Sieb]

On 10/30/22 07:23, stan via users wrote:

On Sat, 29 Oct 2022 18:38:53 -0400
Felix Miata  wrote:


stan via users composed on 2022-10-29 11:55 (UTC-0700):


I hadn't even looked into creating a new partition under
/boot/efi/EFI with a unique name, and what would be required for
it to work.  Is it really as simple as changing GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=
in /etc/default/grub, and everything else happens automatically?



How would dnf know about that changed name in order to install the
shim?


DNF knows because it's a front-end to RPM, which operates according
to the content of the grub2-efi rpm and /etc/default/grub, Grub's
config file. Pretend it has .conf appended if necessary to
understand. The value set for GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= establishes the
location on the ESP where the efi file(s) must be located.


This is good to know.  I had assumed that the shim location was
hardcoded in the rpm, so this is more flexible.


The shim location *is* hardcoded in the rpm.  I don't know what that 
setting will affect.

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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[stan via users]

On Sat, 29 Oct 2022 18:38:53 -0400
Felix Miata  wrote:

> stan via users composed on 2022-10-29 11:55 (UTC-0700):
> 
> >> I hadn't even looked into creating a new partition under
> >> /boot/efi/EFI with a unique name, and what would be required for
> >> it to work.  Is it really as simple as changing GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=
> >> in /etc/default/grub, and everything else happens automatically?  
> 
> > How would dnf know about that changed name in order to install the
> > shim?  
> 
> DNF knows because it's a front-end to RPM, which operates according
> to the content of the grub2-efi rpm and /etc/default/grub, Grub's
> config file. Pretend it has .conf appended if necessary to
> understand. The value set for GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= establishes the
> location on the ESP where the efi file(s) must be located.

This is good to know.  I had assumed that the shim location was
hardcoded in the rpm, so this is more flexible.
> 
> > How would the OS be installed initially, since the defaults are for
> > the current location?  
> 
> I have no idea whether the default location can be overridden
> /during/ Fedora installation. As long as the location has been made
> unique for each previous installation, it doesn't matter that the
> default is used initially. Just make
> 
>   # dnf reinstall shim-* grub2-efi-* grub2-common
> 
> part of your standard first boot order of business, and the efi
> directory /should/ be good indefinitely. But, be on the lookout for
> unexpected changes to /etc/default/grub that might change it.

It seems that Fedora could facilitate this by appending a (random?)
suffix to the GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR value during install, so that this step
was automatically completed.  A more sophisticated implementation might
examine other entries, and append a sequential value, or ensure that
the suffix was unique.

> There remains the issue of whose bootloader has priority in firmware
> memory, and on what occasions when OS maintenance activity has reason
> to touch it. Efibootmgr is the utility for managing the NVRAM entries
> while fully booted, while BIOS setup includes its own. My solution to
> avoiding OS touching is to install any bootloader at all on a minimal
> selection of installations, such as only one. On others that have a
> bootloader installed, I omit the ESP from their fstabs, preventing
> them from finding conditions prerequisite to touching.
> 
> Finally, I build /boot/grub2/custom.cfg from scratch that uses volume
> LABELs and symlinks to kernels and initrds, and customize
> /etc/grub.d/ to cause its entries to head Grub's menu.

I think this means that if you update any of the installed OSs, you
have to recreate the custom.cfg menu to incorporate the changes.  And
that you have to have a custom utility you run in order to do that.
Would you be willing to share that utility, and your customizations of
/etc/grub.d?

This will work great, but I wouldn't consider it trivial for a new
user of Fedora.

Thanks for the information, filling out my sketchy understanding.  I now
understand how to accomplish running multiple versions of an OS with a
single EFI partition using grub.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Felix Miata]

stan via users composed on 2022-10-29 11:55 (UTC-0700):

>> I hadn't even looked into creating a new partition under /boot/efi/EFI
>> with a unique name, and what would be required for it to work.  Is it
>> really as simple as changing GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= in /etc/default/grub,
>> and everything else happens automatically?

> How would dnf know about that changed name in order to install the shim?

DNF knows because it's a front-end to RPM, which operates according to the 
content
of the grub2-efi rpm and /etc/default/grub, Grub's config file. Pretend it has
.conf appended if necessary to understand. The value set for GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=
establishes the location on the ESP where the efi file(s) must be located.

> How would the OS be installed initially, since the defaults are for the
> current location?

I have no idea whether the default location can be overridden /during/ Fedora
installation. As long as the location has been made unique for each previous
installation, it doesn't matter that the default is used initially. Just make

# dnf reinstall shim-* grub2-efi-* grub2-common

part of your standard first boot order of business, and the efi directory 
/should/
be good indefinitely. But, be on the lookout for unexpected changes to
/etc/default/grub that might change it.

There remains the issue of whose bootloader has priority in firmware memory, and
on what occasions when OS maintenance activity has reason to touch it. 
Efibootmgr
is the utility for managing the NVRAM entries while fully booted, while BIOS 
setup
includes its own. My solution to avoiding OS touching is to install any 
bootloader
at all on a minimal selection of installations, such as only one. On others that
have a bootloader installed, I omit the ESP from their fstabs, preventing them
from finding conditions prerequisite to touching.

Finally, I build /boot/grub2/custom.cfg from scratch that uses volume LABELs and
symlinks to kernels and initrds, and customize /etc/grub.d/ to cause its entries
to head Grub's menu.
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[stan via users]

On Sat, 29 Oct 2022 11:39:00 -0700
stan via users  wrote:

> On Sat, 29 Oct 2022 14:09:26 -0400
> Felix Miata  wrote:
> 
> > stan via users composed on 2022-10-29 09:21 (UTC-0700):
> >   
> > > UEFI only allows a single
> > > version of fedora (or any OS) to boot without some alterations
> > > that are complicated 
> > 
> > Besides making GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= in /etc/default/grub a unique
> > string and applying the change, what are those alterations?  
> 
> I did some investigation of sdboot, which allows multiple versions to
> boot uefi from the same efi partition, and it didn't seem trivial.
> 
> I hadn't even looked into creating a new partition under /boot/efi/EFI
> with a unique name, and what would be required for it to work.  Is it
> really as simple as changing GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= in /etc/default/grub,
> and everything else happens automatically?

How would dnf know about that changed name in order to install the shim?
How would the OS be installed initially, since the defaults are for the
current location?  Wouldn't the install image have to have that built
in before install?  It seems to me that there would be a default
install, then adding the change to the grub default, and then moving
the /boot/efi/EFI/fedora to /boot/efi/EFI/unique_name.  I'm not sure
what would happen if an update came in for the shim package.  Would dnf
install it in the old default location or the new location?
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[stan via users]

On Sat, 29 Oct 2022 14:09:26 -0400
Felix Miata  wrote:

> stan via users composed on 2022-10-29 09:21 (UTC-0700):
> 
> > UEFI only allows a single
> > version of fedora (or any OS) to boot without some alterations that
> > are complicated   
> 
> Besides making GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= in /etc/default/grub a unique string
> and applying the change, what are those alterations?

I did some investigation of sdboot, which allows multiple versions to
boot uefi from the same efi partition, and it didn't seem trivial.

I hadn't even looked into creating a new partition under /boot/efi/EFI
with a unique name, and what would be required for it to work.  Is it
really as simple as changing GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= in /etc/default/grub, and
everything else happens automatically?
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Felix Miata]

stan via users composed on 2022-10-29 09:21 (UTC-0700):

> UEFI only allows a single
> version of fedora (or any OS) to boot without some alterations that are
> complicated 

Besides making GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR= in /etc/default/grub a unique string and 
applying
the change, what are those alterations?
-- 
Evolution as taught in public schools is, like religion,
based on faith, not based on science.

 Team OS/2 ** Reg. Linux User #211409 ** a11y rocks!

Felix Miata
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[stan via users]

On Fri, 28 Oct 2022 18:31:41 -
"Jake D"  wrote:

> I seem to have got myself in a bit of a mess and I’ve having trouble
> finding documentation that I can apply directly to my case . This is
> my first time on Linux so I’m not familiar with much of the
> terminology or background of these systems.

On every linux system there is a help system called man.  So, if you
don't recognize a command, you usually can just do a, for example
man ls
or 
man cp
or 
man chroot
so you can understand what the command is doing, and the various
options that you can use to tune the command.

> 
> **Background**
> 
> I have an internal drive that used to successfully dual boot windows
> and a LUKS-encrypted F36 installation with BTRFS.
> 
> I also had some spare unpartitioned space, which I used to fully
> install some other linux distros (including another F36 installation)
> to troubleshoot other minor problems (a tri-boot, so to speak)
> 
> **What went wrong**
> 
> The new distros installed fine, but I discovered afterwards I could
> no longer find/boot into my original LUKS F36 installation. 

This is where you should have asked for help.  At that point, it would
have been simple to recover the system.  UEFI only allows a single
version of fedora (or any OS) to boot without some alterations that are
complicated, and above your level of knowledge at this point.

As Chris said, and I've personally experienced, panic mode is not the
time to make any serious decisions.  It has to do with human
psychology.  When we are in panic mode, we are in the acute stress
response mode of our brain, fight or flight.  In this state, we do not
have access to our frontal cortex, so we lose all of our reasoning
ability.  A great precursor to making bad decisions.  Take a few
moments to inhale deeply, hold the breath for a few counts, and then
exhale fully. Do this 5 or 10 times.  That returns the brain to the
default state, where your frontal cortex is again available.

> In my
> igornance, I tried deleting clearing the new installation partitions,
> and now, if I select the Fedora option thru my BIOS boot menu, I just
> get to a 'grub> ’ prompt.

Right, it is trying to boot the linux partitions that you wiped.  When
it doesn't find them it drops you to a limited shell (command
environment) in order to try to fix it.  Way above your pay grade, and
the chroot environment is a lot easier to work with to do the same
thing, so you don't have to work at the grub prompt.
> 
> I’ve tried a few commands there to boot manually but nothing worked
> and it wouldn’t even decrypt the root partition, worse still, somehow
> this process accidentally wiped the ORIGINAL LUKS F36 /boot partition
> too. I have no idea how.
> 
> **What I have now**
> 
> Partitioning follows:
> 
> nvme0n1p1: EFI partition (both win and DF36)
> nvme0n1p2: MS Reserved
> nvme0n1p3: Win10
> nvme0n1p5: Original Fedora /boot (accidentally wiped)
> nvme0n1p6: LUKS volume
> nvme0n1p7: Former ‘third OS’ boot partition (wiped)
> nvme0n1p8: Former ‘third OS’ root partition (also wiped)
> nvme0n1p4: Win Recovery
> 
> **What I am trying to do**
> 
> Unbork everything, somehow?
> 
> I tried using these instructions in the official Fedora Docs, but
> they seem to be …wrong? Out of date? They didn’t work, I suspect due
> to LUKS/BTRFS. [
> https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/23/html/Multiboot_Guide/common_operations_appendix.html]
> 
> The I found these...other Fedora Docs? Which seemed more up to date
> and looked like they had relevant bits, bit still seem directly
> applicable and didn't work.
> [https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/bootloading-with-grub2/#restoring-bootloader-using-live-disk]
> 
> The only success I’ve had is with this guide:
> https://fedoramagazine.org/os-chroot-101-covering-btrfs-subvolumes/ . 
> 
> I’ve managed to chroot (a very dumb word) thru a LiveUSB session,
> with the following commands:
> 
> >>cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0n1p6 fedora_crypt 
> >>mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/ -t btrfs -o subvol=root
> >>mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/home -t btrfs -o subvol=home
> >>mount /dev/nvme0n1p5 /mnt/boot
> >>mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
> >>mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
> >>mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
> >>mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
> >>mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
> >>mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/run
> >>mkdir -p /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/
> >>nano /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf (enter 'nameserver
> >>1.1.1.1', save) chroot /mnt  
> 
> 
> I can ping google, and browse the original home folder with ls, so it
> looks like ‘im in’ the original installation via chroot (which is
> still a dumb word)

The car is still there, but you've removed the starter.

> What the problems are
> 
> From there, I go back to the Fedora Docs and run
> 
> >>dnf reinstall grub2-efi grub2-efi-modules shim  

What does
ls -n /boot/efi/EFI/fedora
show?
Here,
# ls /boot/efi/EFI/fedora/
BOOTIA32.CSV  BOOTX64.CSV  grubia32.efi  grubx64.efi  mmia32.efi  mmx64.efi 

Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Chris Murphy]

On Sat, Oct 29, 2022, at 1:18 AM, Tim via users wrote:

> Here's some more advice you probably won't like:  Multi-booting (any
> computer, any OS) can be a pain, and it may be best to only attempt
> that after you've learnt how a system works.  Your safest approach to
> learning a new system is to get a second hard drive, unplug your first
> one, install onto a fresh drive in isolation, and learn how the system
> works.

Multiboot is probably fragile. Or at least it is inclined toward chaos, in that 
we cannot account for everything.

Fedora only tests and blocks releases against Windows and macOS existing first, 
and Fedora second. As there's no manifestation of support beyond community 
support, is anything supported? We more or less say things that we are willing 
to block release on are supported, as in they have to work at the time a 
version is released. But there's lots of buts. And one of those buts is, if 
you're setting up a system in a way we aren't testing, we certainly aren't 
going to block release on such edge cases that affect few users. Triboot is 
definitely one of those.

But case in point, lets say you have a completely clean system. Install Fedora 
copy A, and then you want to do a dual boot of two Fedoras. Say, Fedora 
Workstation and KDE. Or Fedora 35 and 36. Dual boot Fedoras. Supported? Nope. 
We have no release criterion for that. Only bugs that happen independent of 
that configuration would be blockers, not bugs that only manifest as part of a 
dual boot Fedora installation.

-- 
Chris Murphy
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Chris Murphy]

On Sat, Oct 29, 2022, at 12:54 AM, Slade Watkins via users wrote:
> On 10/28/22 4:27 PM, Jake D wrote:
>> I really can't believe that these Linux systems are so fragile and the ONLY 
>> option is to start over
>
> Wanted to hop in here real fast and say:
> Pop!_OS, which is my primary distro (with Fedora being my secondary),
> has the option to go into recovery (has a small partition just for
> up-to-date recovery media) and reinstall your OS without losing any
> personal files.
>
> AFAIK, it's one of the only distributions that has something like it.

Fedora doesn't have a recovery partition. But there is a (sort of hidden, or at 
least non-obvious) way of doing a custom installation while preserving home. 
There isn't detailed documentation for it. It's just a test case.

https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/QA:Testcase_partitioning_custom_btrfs_preserve_home

This is more official than the draft dual boot one I posted previously, in that 
I try to keep this one up to date. But it's just a test case, intended for a 
test setup to make sure installer functionality isn't lost. It's not really 
intended as installation advise. It could be adapted into a Quick Doc for that 
purpose though.

But my understanding of the original poster's issue is that he now has a bunch 
of system level customizations. Not so much user level customizations. 
Therefore the reuse home directory method wouldn't help much.

-- 
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Chris Murphy]

On Fri, Oct 28, 2022, at 7:09 PM, Jake D wrote:
> No, it's not a troll. 
>
> Thank-you for your otherwise completely irrelevant , unsolicited  and 
> entirely unhelpful opinion piece. I'm sorry for not realising Windows 
> upsets you so much and is therefore inferior, and for daring to ask if 
> Linux has similar recovery functionality, after being told the only 
> answer is to completely start from scratch. Clearly, I should have 
> realised immediately that this means it's the more resilient system.
>
> I will immediately stop using my working windows partition and stare at 
> my non booting "grub> prompt instead. Also can you advise which bridge 
> you wish for me to jump off as punishment for my question?

Multiboot systems are inherently complex. Like, you really have had a train 
derailment. And you're asking for help with that as if there's a button you can 
push to fix that. There's no button for train derailments. It's a customized 
recovery every time that requires esoteric knowledge. Everything about it is 
manual.

Are trains fragile? I'm not sure that's the best description but yeah once they 
start going off the rails it's a catastrophic system.

-- 
Chris Murphy
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Chris Murphy]

On Fri, Oct 28, 2022, at 5:53 PM, Jonathan Billings wrote:

> It sounds like you only wiped the /boot partition, which should be 
> fairly easy to get back.  

But /boot/grub2 and /boot/loader/entries are on /boot so the real grub.cfg and 
BLS snippets are gone, which are trivial to create if you're an expert. If 
you're not, it might as well be ouji board antics.

There's so many tiny things like this that the installer does, that it sorta 
makes it a grand experiment in "what the hell did we miss" doing the fix 
manually.

We can just (a) reformat the boot partition, get its new fsUUID put into (b) 
/boot/efi/EFI/fedora/grub.cfg and (c) /etc/fstab on the existing root (d) mount 
everything in the proper order so we can do a chroot (e) run grub2.mkconfig (f) 
do a dnf reinstall kernel so that we for sure have a vmlinuz on /boot and 
modules of the same version in /usr  and BLS snippet 

But uhh what am I missing? Like, I'd just reboot at this point and wait for the 
failure to give me a hint what I'm missing. But in this case, the user gets 
stuck in a way they maybe can't get out of or describe and then we're worse off 
 having wasted the time.

>Reinstalling the kernel and grub2 packages 
> will get you the packaged bits, and running dracut like you ran should 
> get you the initrd, although only after you’ve got the kernel.

reinstalling the kernel will run dracut, we don't need to run it again

>
> After everything is reinstalled, then run the grub2-mkconfig command to 
> create the grub config file in your new /boot partition.
>
> Just make sure you do everything from the chroot in an EFI booted 
> rescue environment, either on a livecd or booting the NetBoot iso with 
> the rescue option.

So unfortunately Live images don't have Anaconda rescue environments. And while 
the netinstaller does, it will fail to find /boot by UUID in the /etc/fstab 
because it doesn't exist anymore so the assembly and chroot will fail.

The manual method means high likelihood of missing a step or getting it in the 
wrong order. Or asking someone to test all the steps in a VM.

Hence why reinstallation is easier. 

If it's Btrfs, we can keep the old root and swap roots.

We need to fix two things (a) change the rootflags=subvol argument in the BLS 
snippets, so they mount root subvolume instead of root00 subvolume (b) update 
the /boot fsUUID in /etc/fstab

Right? Is that it? I think that's it.

OH OK there is one more problem. Probably the kernel in the new /boot is old 
and that version's modules don't exist anymore in the (old) root subvolume's 
/usr and therefore we can't boot. So yeah that has to get fixed somehow...

If the Btrfs volume is mounted normally (without any options) to /mnt we can 
copy the old kernel modules from the new root to the old root and now the old 
root will boot.

cp -r /mnt/root00/usr/lib/modules/$theonlydirpresent /mnt/root/usr/lib/modules/

Right? That will return fairly instantly because it'll be a reflink copy, so it 
might lead some folks to think it didn't work because it was too fast :P What 
should be true is in the first path with root00, if you hit TAB after the last 
/, it should autocomplete the only directory present which is the shipping 
kernel for Fedora 36.

Or hey I have that kernel in a btrfs snapshot I created after an F36 clean 
install. It should be 5.17.5-300.fc36.x86_64 so the actual command ought to be

cp -r /mnt/root00/usr/lib/modules/5.17.5-300.fc36.x86_64 
/mnt/root/usr/lib/modules/

OK I think that's everything?

-- 
Chris Murphy
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Chris Murphy]

On Fri, Oct 28, 2022, at 4:27 PM, Jake D wrote:
>> My opinion: This is probably easier in a live discussion on IRC or Matrix. 
>> There's
>> just too much back and forth required.
>
> Are these different forums? I just googled 'Fedora matrix 'and I'm 
> getting a lot of very varied  hits

https://chat.fedoraproject.org

IRC and Matrix are chat protocols. There's a bridge in place so that, in 
effect, you're in the same channel whether you join #fedora on libera.chat 
(IRC) or #fedora on fedora.im (Matrix). You can get a native matrix account via 
element.io or you can get a Fedora account and use that to connect to Fedora's 
matrix home server. Why you pick one vs another depends on how big your matrix 
presence is, I guess. You're finding multiple options because of multiple eras: 
IRC then matrix.org then Fedora got its own matrix home servers. But you can 
access them all with any method due to the behind the scenes bridging. I 
personally use cmurf:fedora.im (matrix using the Fedora matrix home servers)



>> But the absolute easiest thing to do is mount the encrypted btrfs, make a 
>> backup of the
>> home directory, and then clean install followed by restoring the home 
>> directory files from
>> the backup.
>
> I understand what you're saying but as I mentioned in a previous 
> comment, I have 4 weeks of setup already in place on this system. 
> Theres not really any files on there worth covering but more dayd and 
> days of fiddling to get things working, much of which im sturggling to 
> remember,
>
> Reinstall is essentially a complete writeoff. THeres no way I'll have 
> it setup up again by Monday, I'll have to withdraw from the class and 
> thats a large course fee  forfeiture I'd rather avoid. 

OK, there is another option which is a clean install along side the existing 
installation, but following this clean install you'll abandon the new root and 
switch to the old root that has all  your customizations. Basically you'll be 
doing a clean install just to get all the nuggets in /boot and /boot/efi in the 
proper shape. Some post install surgery will still necessary though...

Is it more complicated to do a modified dual boot where we have two roots and 
then switch the roots and make the necessary changes to /etc/fstab and BLS 
snippets in /boot/loader/entries? Or just manually create every file we need? 
Uhhh I think it's probably easier to do the side by side installation, 
preserving the existing root. And then abandon the new root, while keeping the 
replacement /boot/efi/EFI/fedora and /boot

But that's a guess.

So this is a draft I helped write for having dual boot Fedoras, i.e. two roots.
https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/User:Sumantrom/Draft/dualboot_f33_btrfs

That needs a number of modifications for your situation though. So I think 
before going down that road we should discuss whether that's really the best 
option or not.

> I really can't believe that these Linux systems are so fragile and the 
> ONLY option is to start over, is there nothing like Resotre Points in 
> windows?

Not automatically and only for the root (/) and home (/home). You've toasted 
the /boot volume which is functionally like Windows' system volume that it 
boots from initially, if you wipe that, you'd be totally screwed on Windows 
too. And also these days on Windows you don't get automatic restore points 
either, you'd have to have done it before the mistake.



-- 
Chris Murphy
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Chris Murphy]

On Fri, Oct 28, 2022, at 4:21 PM, Jake D wrote:
>> HyperKitty is a web front-end for what is really a mailing list. Most
>> people here access the list via a standard mailer rather than the web
>> interface, which (IMHO) gives better results, including proper quoting.
>
> I 'm not really sure what a "standard mailer" is or what you mean by 
> 'mailing list', and honestly I'm a bit more focused on getting the 
> computer to boot at all by monday. This was one of the  resources on 
> the course material and I'm asking everywhere I can, I'm a bit frantic 
> frankly.

Panic is one of the best known paths to data loss.

Before making any further changes, I advise a backup of important user data. Do 
not attempt repair or reinstallation until there's at least two independent 
copies of your important data.

-- 
Chris Murphy
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Samuel Sieb]

On 10/28/22 21:54, Slade Watkins via users wrote:

On 10/28/22 4:27 PM, Jake D wrote:

I really can't believe that these Linux systems are so fragile and the ONLY 
option is to start over


Wanted to hop in here real fast and say:
Pop!_OS, which is my primary distro (with Fedora being my secondary),
has the option to go into recovery (has a small partition just for
up-to-date recovery media) and reinstall your OS without losing any
personal files.

AFAIK, it's one of the only distributions that has something like it.


By default, Fedora does that as well (and probably most current Linux 
distros).  You can re-install the OS and as long as you use the same 
/home partition and don't format it, you won't lose any personal files.


Unless you're referring to the recovery partition, which isn't really 
that useful, since you'll likely either still have the original install 
media or you'll want to download the latest version anyway.

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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Tim via users]

On Fri, 2022-10-28 at 23:09 +, Jake D wrote:
> No, it's not a troll. 

It does appear otherwise.

> Thank-you for your otherwise completely irrelevant , unsolicited  and
> entirely unhelpful opinion piece.

NB:  I responded to you in EXACTLY the same way as your opening post. 
Go back and read your own first post.

You chucked a tantrum at us and got a telling off.  You should expect
that.  Judging by your attitude in your posts, you ought to be used to
it.

For anybody to give you a step-by-step set of instructions to unmunge
your system, you'd need to tell us precisely everything you did that
screwed it up in the first place.  We're not bloody mind-readers!

And we understand that you may not be able to do that.  So your least
painful approach may well be re-install.  The system will take care of
making itself work again for you.  And nine times out of ten a fresh
installation of Linux just works without you having to tweak it.  But
you really need to know where you went wrong, so you don't do the same
thing again.

You've been given advice on where to start.  You don't understand it,
that's fair enough.  You've been given advice more suited to someone
who's not in a position to dig themselves out of a hole - re-install is
going to be your easiest solution.  If you don't want to do that,
you're going to have to learn more about what you're getting into.

Here's some more advice you probably won't like:  Multi-booting (any
computer, any OS) can be a pain, and it may be best to only attempt
that after you've learnt how a system works.  Your safest approach to
learning a new system is to get a second hard drive, unplug your first
one, install onto a fresh drive in isolation, and learn how the system
works.
 
-- 
 
uname -rsvp
Linux 3.10.0-1160.76.1.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Aug 10 16:21:17 UTC 2022 x86_64
 
Boilerplate:  All unexpected mail to my mailbox is automatically deleted.
I will only get to see the messages that are posted to the mailing list.
 
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Slade Watkins via users]

On 10/28/22 4:27 PM, Jake D wrote:
> I really can't believe that these Linux systems are so fragile and the ONLY 
> option is to start over

Wanted to hop in here real fast and say:
Pop!_OS, which is my primary distro (with Fedora being my secondary),
has the option to go into recovery (has a small partition just for
up-to-date recovery media) and reinstall your OS without losing any
personal files.

AFAIK, it's one of the only distributions that has something like it.

-srw
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Samuel Sieb]

On 10/28/22 16:07, Jake D wrote:

  Case in point being you own choice to ignore my request to clarify the scatter-shot of 
previously mentioned commands, in favor of going on a tangent about how  "well, all 
my laptops work", as if all you're really interested in is invalidating me for 
asking in the first place.


They weren't scatter-shot, but you are lacking the background to 
understand them.  As (I think) Chris already mentioned, I can't give you 
an exact list of commands to run and it will be fixed.  You broke some 
really low-level bits and it will take someone with detailed knowledge 
to walk you through it step by step.  And as you've repeatedly stated, 
you don't understand these technical explanations, so this isn't going 
to work.  Really, your only option at this point is a re-install.

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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

> Well the good news is that if it is booting to a grub prompt, it is most 
> likely not a
> problem with the EFI volume, because it is booting into grub.  You just need 
> to regenerate
> the contents of the /boot volume, which most importantly needs a kernel, an 
> initrd and
> some grub configuration files.

Thankyou for having one of the more helpful replies. I understand at least this 
paragraph, however I'm still quite unsure of the specifics

> When booting off rescue media, make sure you boot it as an EFI device. Some 
> hardware will
> default to booting legacy firmware when choosing external media, for some 
> reason.

I believe it is, my BIOS was set to EFI mode, or so I am told.

> Check if there is a /sys/firmware/efi/ directory when you’re booted into the 
> rescue media,
> otherwise you won’t be able to update the EFI settings for any new bootloader 
> you
> install.

There is, with a collection of files and folders in it. 

> Most likely the OS didn’t use fedora_crypt as the luks device, so it got hung 
> up there.
> 
> I wonder if you could check the /etc/fstab for the device name?

I could try this, with some more specific instruction on how to do it? I don't 
recall having a 'device name' so I dont know really how to find it. Is this 
also done in 'chroot?'

> As others have said, it’s missing kernels, so making an initrd is impossible.
> 
> dnf reinstall ‘kernel-*’
> 
> … should get you back to having all the kernel related packages installed.

Starting to have difficulty followiing. I partially recognise this command,  
but i have no idea where/when to use it, or what the correct result  should 
look like.
 
> It sounds like you only wiped the /boot partition, which should be fairly 
> easy to get
> back.  Reinstalling the kernel and grub2 packages will get you the packaged 
> bits, and
> running dracut like you ran should get you the initrd, although only after 
> you’ve got the
> kernel.

I dont follow this at all I'm afraid. I understand some of the jargon but  I 
haven't a clue how to practically execute these as working steps. 

Could you at all possibly boil this down into clear commands and instruction on 
when to use them, in what order? Otherwise it all just feels like "the solution 
is to fix the problem, you know how to do that right?'

> After everything is reinstalled, then run the grub2-mkconfig command to 
> create the grub
> config file in your new /boot partition.

I do recall this! So I should be able to do that last part myself. But I need 
help with the other steps leading up to it

Thankyou for actually helping
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

No, it's not a troll. 

Thank-you for your otherwise completely irrelevant , unsolicited  and entirely 
unhelpful opinion piece. I'm sorry for not realising Windows upsets you so much 
and is therefore inferior, and for daring to ask if Linux has similar recovery 
functionality, after being told the only answer is to completely start from 
scratch. Clearly, I should have realised immediately that this means it's the 
more resilient system.

I will immediately stop using my working windows partition and stare at my non 
booting "grub> prompt instead. Also can you advise which bridge you wish for me 
to jump off as punishment for my question?
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

 
> That's funny.  Randomly delete some system files and the boot partition 
> and ask a new user to fix it.  Good luck.  Almost always, even for not 
> new users, any serious windows problem is solved by reinstalling the system.

This is demonstrably not true, but also not relevant and I have no interest in 
getting bogged down arguing about it.

> I have installed Fedora on a very wide variety of laptops and almost 
> never had any issues.  The only serious issues were an unsupported wifi 
> card and a BIOS that absolutely insisted on booting windows.

Okay...good for you? I don't see how this helps my situation, not why you seem 
to have bought it up as if to...deny what I've already observed in my own case?

> Hopefully the lesson is that installing over an existing install is 
> going to cause some problems with that original install.

Yes, although I'm starting to see some wider lessons about the nature of Linux 
itself and the discussions around it. But for now I want to focus on fixing my 
current problem.


> Since you've already solved all the problems once, won't it be easy to 
> redo that?  Maybe try asking in here for help, since I can't imagine 
> what solutions you found and I wouldn't be surprised that random 
> "solutions" you find online would be causing you even more problems.

No, a lot of those fixes I frankly dont remember now, and in several cases, I'm 
not even sure what I did that actually solved the problem. 

And the discussion here so far is very discouraging in terms of getting any 
productive advice. I'm trying as hard as I am able to provide as much detail as 
I can, and keep up, and everyone seems largely intent on lording as much  
terminology as they can over me to gloat at my inability to translate it to 
meaningful actions, quibbling over side points, or now, seemingly  denying 
there's a problem in the first place.

 Case in point being you own choice to ignore my request to clarify the 
scatter-shot of previously mentioned commands, in favor of going on a tangent 
about how  "well, all my laptops work", as if all you're really interested in 
is invalidating me for asking in the first place.

Frankly,  it's offputting and more than a little offensive. 
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Tim via users]

On Fri, 2022-10-28 at 20:27 +, Jake D wrote:
> I really can't believe that these Linux systems are so fragile and
> the ONLY option is to start over, is there nothing like Resotre
> Points in windows?

Hmm, hahaha, is this a troll?  

Was there anything ever more self-destructive than Windows?  It
regularly shot itself in the foot, you didn't even have to do anything.

Yes, you can have a backup and restore kind of thing on Linux.  But you
have to set something up first.  If you haven't done that, then you can
boot from something else and put back the files you destroyed.  Or you
can re-install.

Windows was exactly the same.  If you didn't prepare ahead of time for
the oncoming disaster, your recourse was usually a re-install.  With
all the fun and games that involved for your OS and all your programs,
finding all your registration details, or paying for them again because
you can't.

Likewise with Macs.  If you want restore points, or whatever name they
call it, you have to set it up beforehand.

I can't say that I've ever hosed a Linux install in the somewhere
around 20 years I've been using it for.  But I've had Windows bollix
itself up quite severely, many times.  It does it all by itself quite
happily, *you* don't have to be messing around with system files for it
to kill itself.  It can mangle its brains simply booting up or shutting
down, and doing a Windows update that it controlled entirely by itself
was another round of russian roulette.
 
-- 
 
NB:  All unexpected mail to my mailbox is automatically deleted.
I will only get to see the messages that are posted to the list.
 
The following system info data is generated fresh for each post:
 
uname -rsvp
Linux 5.19.15-201.fc36.x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu Oct 13
18:58:38 UTC 2022 x86_64
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jonathan Billings]

On Oct 28, 2022, at 14:32, Jake D  wrote:
> 
> Hello all.
> 
> I need some help.
> 
> Firstly:  Please forgive the formatting - I'm new to this medium and not sure 
> what the accepted conventions are, the HyperKitty interface is ...very basic. 
> Also please forgive the length, I just don't know how to make it shorter 
> without losing potentially relevant detail. If I've asked this in the wrong 
> place, by all means punt my backside in the direction of the right place.
> 
> I seem to have got myself in a bit of a mess and I’ve having trouble finding 
> documentation that I can apply directly to my case . This is my first time on 
> Linux so I’m not familiar with much of the terminology or background of these 
> systems.
> 
> **Background**
> 
> I have an internal drive that used to successfully dual boot windows and a 
> LUKS-encrypted F36 installation with BTRFS.
> 
> I also had some spare unpartitioned space, which I used to fully install some 
> other linux distros (including another F36 installation) to troubleshoot 
> other minor problems (a tri-boot, so to speak)
> 
> **What went wrong**
> 
> The new distros installed fine, but I discovered afterwards I could no longer 
> find/boot into my original LUKS F36 installation. In my igornance, I tried 
> deleting clearing the new installation partitions, and now, if I select the 
> Fedora option thru my BIOS boot menu, I just get to a 'grub> ’ prompt.

Well the good news is that if it is booting to a grub prompt, it is most likely 
not a problem with the EFI volume, because it is booting into grub.  You just 
need to regenerate the contents of the /boot volume, which most importantly 
needs a kernel, an initrd and some grub configuration files.

When booting off rescue media, make sure you boot it as an EFI device. Some 
hardware will default to booting legacy firmware when choosing external media, 
for some reason.

Check if there is a /sys/firmware/efi/ directory when you’re booted into the 
rescue media, otherwise you won’t be able to update the EFI settings for any 
new bootloader you install.

> I’ve tried a few commands there to boot manually but nothing worked and it 
> wouldn’t even decrypt the root partition, worse still, somehow this process 
> accidentally wiped the ORIGINAL LUKS F36 /boot partition too. I have no idea 
> how.
> 
> **What I have now**
> 
> Partitioning follows:
> 
> nvme0n1p1: EFI partition (both win and DF36)
> nvme0n1p2: MS Reserved
> nvme0n1p3: Win10
> nvme0n1p5: Original Fedora /boot (accidentally wiped)
> nvme0n1p6: LUKS volume
> nvme0n1p7: Former ‘third OS’ boot partition (wiped)
> nvme0n1p8: Former ‘third OS’ root partition (also wiped)
> nvme0n1p4: Win Recovery
> 
> **What I am trying to do**
> 
> Unbork everything, somehow?
> 
> I tried using these instructions in the official Fedora Docs, but they seem 
> to be …wrong? Out of date? They didn’t work, I suspect due to LUKS/BTRFS. [ 
> https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/23/html/Multiboot_Guide/common_operations_appendix.html]
> 
> The I found these...other Fedora Docs? Which seemed more up to date and 
> looked like they had relevant bits, bit still seem directly applicable and 
> didn't work. 
> [https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/quick-docs/bootloading-with-grub2/#restoring-bootloader-using-live-disk]
> 
> The only success I’ve had is with this guide:  
> https://fedoramagazine.org/os-chroot-101-covering-btrfs-subvolumes/ . 
> 
> I’ve managed to chroot (a very dumb word) thru a LiveUSB session, with the 
> following commands:
> 
>>> cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0n1p6 fedora_crypt 
>>> mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/ -t btrfs -o subvol=root
>>> mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/home -t btrfs -o subvol=home
>>> mount /dev/nvme0n1p5 /mnt/boot
>>> mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
>>> mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
>>> mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
>>> mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
>>> mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
>>> mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/run
>>> mkdir -p /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/
>>> nano /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf (enter 'nameserver 1.1.1.1', 
>>> save)
>>> chroot /mnt
> 
> 
> I can ping google, and browse the original home folder with ls, so it looks 
> like ‘im in’ the original installation via chroot (which is still a dumb word)
> 
> What the problems are
> 
> From there, I go back to the Fedora Docs and run
> 
>>> dnf reinstall grub2-efi grub2-efi-modules shim
> 
> That seems to work? Downloads and seems to install without any errors.
> 
> The next step though;
> 
>>> grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
> 
> fails with the following:
> 
>>> /usr/sbin/grub2-probe: error: failed to get canonical path of 
>>> ‘/dev/mapper/fedora_crypt’
> I have no idea what that means.

Most likely the OS didn’t use fedora_crypt as the luks device, so it got hung 
up there.

I wonder if you could check the /etc/fstab for the device name?

> On the side, I also sees that despite the grub reinstall, theres no vmlinuz 
> or initramfs kernel files in the 

Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Samuel Sieb]

On 10/28/22 13:14, Jake D wrote:

Then you're probably done.  This much damage is difficult to repair
without some knowledge about what you're doing.  I'm curious about all
the issues you were having because that's unusual.  Did you ask here
about those issues?


Thats disappointing. I didnt realise Linux was so fragile. Windows recovery is 
normally very easy by comparison


That's funny.  Randomly delete some system files and the boot partition 
and ask a new user to fix it.  Good luck.  Almost always, even for not 
new users, any serious windows problem is solved by reinstalling the system.



The issues were wide ranging. Much of the course software would not install as 
described. Virtual machines were a nightmare and still dont work properly. Lots 
of hardware problematic or not supported (display, touchpad, touchscreen) , 
extremely sluggish performance, the software center repeatedly crashing and 
repository issues... a LOT. I've asked in a few other place and generally got 
little to no response at all.  I had a dollar for every time people had told me 
'thats unusual, Fedora is really good!', but then having no explanation or 
solution, I could probably buy a windows license off eBay and done a different 
course


I have installed Fedora on a very wide variety of laptops and almost 
never had any issues.  The only serious issues were an unsupported wifi 
card and a BIOS that absolutely insisted on booting windows.



As it is, class starts on Monday and my computer wont boot. I'd prefer not to 
forfeit my course fee but if this is genuinely unsolvable, I guess I've learned 
at least one lesson about Linux


Hopefully the lesson is that installing over an existing install is 
going to cause some problems with that original install.


Since you've already solved all the problems once, won't it be easy to 
redo that?  Maybe try asking in here for help, since I can't imagine 
what solutions you found and I wouldn't be surprised that random 
"solutions" you find online would be causing you even more problems.

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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Patrick O'Callaghan]

On Fri, 2022-10-28 at 20:21 +, Jake D wrote:
> 
> > HyperKitty is a web front-end for what is really a mailing list.
> > Most
> > people here access the list via a standard mailer rather than the
> > web
> > interface, which (IMHO) gives better results, including proper
> > quoting.
> 
> I 'm not really sure what a "standard mailer" is or what you mean by
> 'mailing list', and honestly I'm a bit more focused on getting the
> computer to boot at all by monday. This was one of the  resources on
> the course material and I'm asking everywhere I can, I'm a bit
> frantic frankly.

Never mind.

poc
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Go Canes]

On Fri, Oct 28, 2022 at 3:31 PM Jake D  wrote:
> > Stab in the dark - within the chroot jail maybe it knows about the
> > mounted *tree* but it doesn't know about the mounts themselves?  In
> > other words, by doing the mounts outside of the chroot, you are
> > updating /etc/mnttab in the "Live USB" environment, but /etc/mnttab in
> > the chroot environment is not updated.
>
> I'm sorry but I really dont understand the terminology/jargon here.

"Live USB" - the environment you are in when booted off the Live USB,
before you enter the "chroot" command
"chroot jail" - the environment you are in after issuing the "chroot" command

/etc/mnttab - when you issue a "mount" command, information about the
mount is saved in /etc/mnttab.  But when you "chroot /mnt", you are in
the "chroot jail", and within that environment you cannot access the
/etc/mnttab from the "Live USB" environment; therefore the "chroot
jail" does not know the *details* about the mounts.  Even worse, the
/etc/mnttab file in the "chroot jail" (which is actually
/mnt/etc/mnttab) probably has stale data from the last time the
"chroot jail" environment was actually booted.  So from within the
"chroot jail" you can see the directory tree, but you can't see the
details of how they were mounted.

Hope this helps you understand the terminology/jargon.

> Are you saying I did the commands in the wrong order? I'm just following the 
> instructions in the link I included.

I'm saying the order *may* be significant depending on what you want
to do within the "chroot jail".  If you are only doing simple file
operations, it may not matter.  But when you start doing OS-level
operations it may matter a great deal.  And you are attempting
OS-level operations.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

> My opinion: This is probably easier in a live discussion on IRC or Matrix. 
> There's
> just too much back and forth required.

Are these different forums? I just googled 'Fedora matrix 'and I'm getting a 
lot of very varied  hits

> But the absolute easiest thing to do is mount the encrypted btrfs, make a 
> backup of the
> home directory, and then clean install followed by restoring the home 
> directory files from
> the backup.

I understand what you're saying but as I mentioned in a previous comment, I 
have 4 weeks of setup already in place on this system. Theres not really any 
files on there worth covering but more dayd and days of fiddling to get things 
working, much of which im sturggling to remember,

Reinstall is essentially a complete writeoff. THeres no way I'll have it setup 
up again by Monday, I'll have to withdraw from the class and thats a large 
course fee  forfeiture I'd rather avoid. 

I really can't believe that these Linux systems are so fragile and the ONLY 
option is to start over, is there nothing like Resotre Points in windows?
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

> HyperKitty is a web front-end for what is really a mailing list. Most
> people here access the list via a standard mailer rather than the web
> interface, which (IMHO) gives better results, including proper quoting.

I 'm not really sure what a "standard mailer" is or what you mean by 'mailing 
list', and honestly I'm a bit more focused on getting the computer to boot at 
all by monday. This was one of the  resources on the course material and I'm 
asking everywhere I can, I'm a bit frantic frankly.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

> Do you have any initramfs files in /boot?

Not at present, Like I said, it was wiped 

> Yes.  You need to find out which kernel version(s) you have installed in 
> order to run the following command.

I'm sorry, which command? dnf upgrade kernel? Is that also inside chrrot ?

> First try "dnf upgrade kernel".  If there's a new kernel available, then 
> it's much easier, you don't have to worry about the initramfs or 
> reinstalling the kernel.
> 
> Otherwise, "dnf reinstall kernel-core".

I'm having profound difficulty following what command to run under what 
circumstance, where, and in what order. The commands have changed multiple 
times now and I'm completely lost.

I'm not technically familiar enough to just ... 'know' where to do this. Could 
you please explain a clear sequence of what I should run, where, in relation to 
the steps I ourtlined in the OP?

> Then you're probably done.  This much damage is difficult to repair 
> without some knowledge about what you're doing.  I'm curious about all 
> the issues you were having because that's unusual.  Did you ask here 
> about those issues?

Thats disappointing. I didnt realise Linux was so fragile. Windows recovery is 
normally very easy by comparison


The issues were wide ranging. Much of the course software would not install as 
described. Virtual machines were a nightmare and still dont work properly. Lots 
of hardware problematic or not supported (display, touchpad, touchscreen) , 
extremely sluggish performance, the software center repeatedly crashing and 
repository issues... a LOT. I've asked in a few other place and generally got 
little to no response at all.  I had a dollar for every time people had told me 
'thats unusual, Fedora is really good!', but then having no explanation or 
solution, I could probably buy a windows license off eBay and done a different 
course

As it is, class starts on Monday and my computer wont boot. I'd prefer not to 
forfeit my course fee but if this is genuinely unsolvable, I guess I've learned 
at least one lesson about Linux
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Chris Murphy]

On Fri, Oct 28, 2022, at 2:31 PM, Jake D wrote:
> Hello all.
>
> I need some help.


My opinion: This is probably easier in a live discussion on IRC or Matrix. 
There's just too much back and forth required.

But the absolute easiest thing to do is mount the encrypted btrfs, make a 
backup of the home directory, and then clean install followed by restoring the 
home directory files from the backup.

Otherwise you and at just one other person have to have a fairly intense 
conversation about very low level esoterics. Boot is very distro specific. 
There's maybe two or three dozen steps to repair this setup. They all have to 
be exactly correct or it won't work. Much of this logic is in the installer.

-- 
Chris Murphy
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Samuel Sieb]

On 10/28/22 12:26, Jake D wrote:



What does "ls -l /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt" show?


Do I run this from...'within' the 'chroot' thing, or just in the live USB after 
i do 'luks open'?


within the chroot.


That's one of the possible places for it to write the files.  Did it
find the right place?  If not, you'll have to specify the file yourself.


I don't know? I don't know where or what any of this should be doing, or it I'm 
doing the right thing.


Do you have any initramfs files in /boot?


"rpm -q kernel-core"
e.g. kernel-core-5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64
"dracut /boot/initramfs-5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64.img 5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64"
You will also have to re-install the kernel-core package to the vmlinuz
file installed.


I'm sorry, I'm not quite understanding the instructions here?

is "rpm -q kernel-core" a command I should run? if so, where/when?


Yes.  You need to find out which kernel version(s) you have installed in 
order to run the following command.



"e-install the kernel-core package to the vmlinuz " may as well be fre nch to 
me - I've been using linux for 4 weeks now and I'm sorry but I just don't understand this 
rapid fire technical jargon.


First try "dnf upgrade kernel".  If there's a new kernel available, then 
it's much easier, you don't have to worry about the initramfs or 
reinstalling the kernel.


Otherwise, "dnf reinstall kernel-core".


At this point, it might just be easier to do a backup and re-install.


Not an option.

If it comes to that, I'm done with my linux experiment. Theres a month of  work 
gone into fixing all the bugs and glitches and problems I've run into, and the 
whole reason this thing started was because I couldn't get snapper to work 
properly to back up that work, and I was trying to troubleshoot that by testing 
it on a clean fresh 'test' installation, so I wouldn't risk my main one. 
Instead, it's killed it.


Then you're probably done.  This much damage is difficult to repair 
without some knowledge about what you're doing.  I'm curious about all 
the issues you were having because that's unusual.  Did you ask here 
about those issues?

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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Patrick O'Callaghan]

On Fri, 2022-10-28 at 18:31 +, Jake D wrote:
> Firstly:  Please forgive the formatting - I'm new to this medium and
> not sure what the accepted conventions are, the HyperKitty interface
> is ...very basic.

HyperKitty is a web front-end for what is really a mailing list. Most
people here access the list via a standard mailer rather than the web
interface, which (IMHO) gives better results, including proper quoting.

Just an FYI.

poc
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

> Stab in the dark - within the chroot jail maybe it knows about the
> mounted *tree* but it doesn't know about the mounts themselves?  In
> other words, by doing the mounts outside of the chroot, you are
> updating /etc/mnttab in the "Live USB" environment, but /etc/mnttab in
> the chroot environment is not updated.

I'm sorry but I really dont understand the terminology/jargon here.

Are you saying I did the commands in the wrong order? I'm just following the 
instructions in the link I included.

> Alternative - maybe do a fresh install using the wiped partitions to
> get a complete and reasonably valid /boot, and leverage that to find
> and boot the LUKS partition?

I did try this, thats how I noticed the vmlinuz , iniramfs files were 
missing...but apparenly that doesnt matter?

I'm not sure. I dont really understand.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Jake D]

> What does "ls -l /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt" show?

Do I run this from...'within' the 'chroot' thing, or just in the live USB after 
i do 'luks open'?

> That's one of the possible places for it to write the files.  Did it 
> find the right place?  If not, you'll have to specify the file yourself.

I don't know? I don't know where or what any of this should be doing, or it I'm 
doing the right thing. 

> "rpm -q kernel-core"
> e.g. kernel-core-5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64
> "dracut /boot/initramfs-5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64.img 5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64"
> You will also have to re-install the kernel-core package to the vmlinuz 
> file installed.

I'm sorry, I'm not quite understanding the instructions here?

is "rpm -q kernel-core" a command I should run? if so, where/when?

"e-install the kernel-core package to the vmlinuz " may as well be fre nch to 
me - I've been using linux for 4 weeks now and I'm sorry but I just don't 
understand this rapid fire technical jargon.


> At this point, it might just be easier to do a backup and re-install.

Not an option. 

If it comes to that, I'm done with my linux experiment. Theres a month of  work 
gone into fixing all the bugs and glitches and problems I've run into, and the 
whole reason this thing started was because I couldn't get snapper to work 
properly to back up that work, and I was trying to troubleshoot that by testing 
it on a clean fresh 'test' installation, so I wouldn't risk my main one. 
Instead, it's killed it.
 
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Go Canes]

On Fri, Oct 28, 2022 at 2:32 PM Jake D  wrote:
> I’ve managed to chroot (a very dumb word) thru a LiveUSB session, with the 
> following commands:
>
> >>cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0n1p6 fedora_crypt
> >>mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/ -t btrfs -o subvol=root
> >>mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/home -t btrfs -o subvol=home
> >>mount /dev/nvme0n1p5 /mnt/boot
> >>mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
> >>mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
> >>mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
> >>mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
> >>mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
> >>mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/run
> >>mkdir -p /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/
> >>nano /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf (enter 'nameserver 1.1.1.1', 
> >>save)
> >>chroot /mnt

Stab in the dark - within the chroot jail maybe it knows about the
mounted *tree* but it doesn't know about the mounts themselves?  In
other words, by doing the mounts outside of the chroot, you are
updating /etc/mnttab in the "Live USB" environment, but /etc/mnttab in
the chroot environment is not updated.

If this is the case, maybe doing this will get you farther:
> >>cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0n1p6 fedora_crypt
> >>mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/ -t btrfs -o subvol=root
> >>mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
> >>mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
> >>mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
> >>mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
> >>mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/run
> >>chroot /mnt
> >>mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /home -t btrfs -o subvol=home
> >>mount /dev/nvme0n1p5 /boot
> >>mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
> >>mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /boot/efi
> >>mkdir -p /run/systemd/resolve/
> >>nano /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf (enter 'nameserver 1.1.1.1', 
> >>save)

Another thing I'm not sure of is whether or not you need something in
the chroot /boot *before* you can use dnf, etc.

Alternative - maybe do a fresh install using the wiped partitions to
get a complete and reasonably valid /boot, and leverage that to find
and boot the LUKS partition?

Never had to do this, so hoping it helps or at least gives ideas.
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Re: How do I rebuild Grub/Boot/initramfs from a Live USB?

[Samuel Sieb]

On 10/28/22 11:31, Jake D wrote:

I’ve managed to chroot (a very dumb word) thru a LiveUSB session, with the 
following commands:


It's better not to call things dumb without understanding.  It's short 
for CHange ROOT, which does what it says.



cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/nvme0n1p6 fedora_crypt
mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/ -t btrfs -o subvol=root
mount /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt /mnt/home -t btrfs -o subvol=home
mount /dev/nvme0n1p5 /mnt/boot
mkdir /mnt/boot/efi
mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
mount -t proc /proc /mnt/proc
mount -t sysfs /sys /mnt/sys
mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /mnt/run
mkdir -p /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/
nano /mnt/run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf (enter 'nameserver 1.1.1.1', 
save)
chroot /mnt



dnf reinstall grub2-efi grub2-efi-modules shim


That seems to work? Downloads and seems to install without any errors.

The next step though;


grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg


fails with the following:


/usr/sbin/grub2-probe: error: failed to get canonical path of 
‘/dev/mapper/fedora_crypt’

I have no idea what that means.


What does "ls -l /dev/mapper/fedora_crypt" show?


On the side, I also sees that despite the grub reinstall, theres no vmlinuz or 
initramfs kernel files in the reconstructed /boot partition, so I tried running


grub has nothing directly to do with those files.


dracut --regenerate-all


which results in


dracut: Can’t write to /boot/efi/[long-ass id code string]/[kernel version]: 
Directory /boot/efi/[long-ass id code string]/[kernel version] does not exist 
or is not accessible.


This is true - that folder isn’t in /boot/efi. But I dont remember ever seeing 
it there, and just to check I did a fresh test install on another drive and 
theres nothing like that there either.


That's one of the possible places for it to write the files.  Did it 
find the right place?  If not, you'll have to specify the file yourself.

"rpm -q kernel-core"
e.g. kernel-core-5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64
"dracut /boot/initramfs-5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64.img 5.18.13-200.fc36.x86_64"
You will also have to re-install the kernel-core package to the vmlinuz 
file installed.


At this point, it might just be easier to do a backup and re-install.
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