the wics are very easy just be careful what model routers some are hot swappable some are not. Insofar as flash goes I always have spare copy of the ios on my laptop just in case the image gets funoogled when TFTP 'ing. Being the whacko i am i also carry a baby hub and cables also if possible you can load the flash offsite too and check it on another box . kinda helps when using used flash as much of it looks the same but works different on each router. use care with the clips on the older machines they are easy to break .. a couple of rubber bands will fix that tho (grin) Oz http://www.mcseco-op.com/helpfull_links.htm ___________________________________ UPDATED Posting Guidelines: http://www.groupstudy.com/list/guide.html FAQ, list archives, and subscription info: http://www.groupstudy.com Report misconduct and Nondisclosure violations to [EMAIL PROTECTED]