Github user Jens-G commented on the issue: https://github.com/apache/thrift/pull/1156 http://thrift.apache.org/docs/types states that (as one would expect) a Thrift map is defined as "A map of **strictly unique keys** to values. Translates to an STL map, Java HashMap, PHP associative array, Python/Ruby dictionary, etc.". Given that, I would say it could be one option to error, when the user inserts a duplicate. On the other hand, in that case the better option could be to simply replace the current value. But **what should not happen is that serialized data come in with duplicated keys**. That would be clearly an error as it is a violation of the rule above. In that case it might be absolutely ok to return some kind of error. Re `panic()`, from my understanding of Go that's not the idiomatic way to go, since everything form tha above is an easily recoverable error. Further reading: * https://blog.golang.org/error-handling-and-go * https://golang.org/doc/effective_go.html#panic * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28472922/when-to-use-os-exit-and-panic-in-golang
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