Gregor: That first paragraph wasn't mine, but I didn't check it - it seems that both spellings are used, but the man himself uses Feurzeig, and that's good enough for me. Feurzeig's name has now been corrected.
Your suggestion seems to do the job of adding docstrings for interactive use without getting in the way of reading the code, so I've added it. Toby: As to including demo.py, or rather inserting it in place of the built in demo in turtle.py, I was thinking that we might want to do that, but I hadn't quite decided. I like the two stage demo, with the old conventional demo being followed by the Gregor's snappier "pursuit" demo. If no one objects, I think I'll go ahead and put the demo.py code in place of the existing demo function. If someone comes up with something even cooler, while still keeping the code simple enough for beginners to follow, that would also be fine. Thanks for the feedback so far... Cheers, Vern Gregor Lingl wrote: > Hi Vern! > > Thanks! I just recieved your files and I'll have a closer look at them > tomorrow, so I'll give you some comments tomorrow or the day after > tomorrow. (It's now 11:40 p.m. here in Vienna) > > In the meantime please have a look at: > > http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wally_Feurzeig > > and check what's the correct spelling of Wally's surname (perhaps using > several different sources) > > Moreover I also support the suggestion of Toby to include docstrings > for the package-level turtle functions. Perhaps you may want to insert > the following code (or something similar) into turtle.py at line 731. > > for methodname in dir(RawPen): > if not methodname.startswith("_"): > eval(methodname).__doc__ = RawPen.__dict__[methodname].__doc__ > > This could be a quick (and dirty?) solution for this problem (similar to > what Toby suggested in his post) > > Try it, test it - perhaps amend it - and decide > > Regards, > Gregor > > > Vern Ceder schrieb: >> Sorry I've been quiet for a while, but in the meantime, I did some final >> cleanup and I'm thinking the attached version will be what I'll be >> submitting. >> >> There are some things we've discussed that I decided to leave out, not >> necessarily because they shouldn't be done, but because I think we >> couldn't get them done in time for the next release of Python. These are: >> >> 1. The decorator generated docstrings. Cool as the idea was, they make >> the source code ugly and would be distracting to newbies actually >> reading the code. Besides, in an unscientific survey of Python >> developers, the consensus was that decorators were intended for bigger >> game. >> >> 2. any changes to the circle drawing/filling. It clearly doesn't work >> right, but fixing it without breaking any old code will take some doing. >> >> 3. the speed issues addressed a couple weeks ago. Again, it seems like a >> good idea, but would involve rewriting several things. >> >> Otherwise: >> >> I left the speed() method as taking a string parameter (one of 5 >> choices). The delay() method can be used to give finer control. >> >> I added docstrings to the some utility functions. Thanks to Toby for the >> enhanced docstrings everywhere else. >> >> I've modified one of Gregor's files to serve as a demo and test of both >> the old module and the new one. It is attached as demo.py and >> enhancements are welcome. >> >> So have a look and see if you can live with this. Let me know what your >> reactions are. >> >> Cheers, >> Vern >> >> >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ >> >> # LogoMation-like turtle graphics >> >> """ >> Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to >> kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed >> by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966. >> >> Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. Give it >> the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in >> the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the >> command turtle.left(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise. >> >> By combining together these and similar commands, intricate shapes and >> pictures can easily be drawn. >> """ >> >> from math import * # Also for export >> import Tkinter >> >> speeds = ['fastest', 'fast', 'normal', 'slow', 'slowest'] >> >> class Error(Exception): >> pass >> >> class RawPen: >> >> def __init__(self, canvas): >> self._canvas = canvas >> self._items = [] >> self._tracing = 1 >> self._arrow = 0 >> self._delay = 10 # default delay for drawing >> self.degrees() >> self.reset() >> >> def degrees(self, fullcircle=360.0): >> """ Set angle measurement units to degrees. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.degrees() >> """ >> self._fullcircle = fullcircle >> self._invradian = pi / (fullcircle * 0.5) >> >> def radians(self): >> """ Set the angle measurement units to radians. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.radians() >> """ >> self.degrees(2.0*pi) >> >> def reset(self): >> """Clear the screen, re-center the pen, and set variables to >> the default values. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.position() >> [0.0, -22.0] >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 100.0 >> >>> turtle.reset() >> >>> turtle.position() >> [0.0, 0.0] >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 0.0 >> """ >> canvas = self._canvas >> self._canvas.update() >> width = canvas.winfo_width() >> height = canvas.winfo_height() >> if width <= 1: >> width = canvas['width'] >> if height <= 1: >> height = canvas['height'] >> self._origin = float(width)/2.0, float(height)/2.0 >> self._position = self._origin >> self._angle = 0.0 >> self._drawing = 1 >> self._width = 1 >> self._color = "black" >> self._filling = 0 >> self._path = [] >> self._tofill = [] >> self.clear() >> canvas._root().tkraise() >> >> def clear(self): >> """ Clear the screen. The turtle does not move. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.clear() >> """ >> self.fill(0) >> canvas = self._canvas >> items = self._items >> self._items = [] >> for item in items: >> canvas.delete(item) >> self._delete_turtle() >> self._draw_turtle() >> >> def tracer(self, flag): >> """Set tracing on if flag is True, and off if it is False. >> Tracing means line are drawn more slowly, with an >> animation of an arrow along the line. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.tracer(False) # turns off Tracer >> """ >> self._tracing = flag >> if not self._tracing: >> self._delete_turtle() >> self._draw_turtle() >> >> def forward(self, distance): >> """ Go forward distance steps. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.position() >> [0.0, 0.0] >> >>> turtle.forward(25) >> >>> turtle.position() >> [25.0, 0.0] >> >>> turtle.forward(-75) >> >>> turtle.position() >> [-50.0, 0.0] >> """ >> x0, y0 = start = self._position >> x1 = x0 + distance * cos(self._angle*self._invradian) >> y1 = y0 - distance * sin(self._angle*self._invradian) >> self._goto(x1, y1) >> >> def backward(self, distance): >> """ Go backwards distance steps. >> >> The turtle's heading does not change. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.position() >> [0.0, 0.0] >> >>> turtle.backward(30) >> >>> turtle.position() >> [-30.0, 0.0] >> """ >> self.forward(-distance) >> >> def left(self, angle): >> """ Turn left angle units (units are by default degrees, >> but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) >> >> When viewed from above, the turning happens in-place around >> its front tip. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 22 >> >>> turtle.left(45) >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 67.0 >> """ >> self._angle = (self._angle + angle) % self._fullcircle >> self._draw_turtle() >> >> def right(self, angle): >> """ Turn right angle units (units are by default degrees, >> but can be set via the degrees() and radians() functions.) >> >> When viewed from above, the turning happens in-place around >> its front tip. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 22 >> >>> turtle.right(45) >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 337.0 >> """ >> self.left(-angle) >> >> def up(self): >> """Pull the pen up -- no drawing when moving. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.up() >> """ >> self._drawing = 0 >> >> def down(self): >> """Put the pen down -- draw when moving. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.down() >> """ >> self._drawing = 1 >> >> def width(self, width): >> """ Set the line to thickness to width. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.width(10) >> """ >> self._width = float(width) >> >> def color(self, *args): >> """ Set the pen color. >> >> Three input formats are allowed: >> >> color(s) >> s is a Tk specification string, such as "red" or "yellow" >> >> color((r, g, b)) >> *a tuple* of r, g, and b, which represent, an RGB color, >> and each of r, g, and b are in the range [0..1] >> >> color(r, g, b) >> r, g, and b represent an RGB color, and each of r, g, and b >> are in the range [0..1] >> >> Example: >> >> >>> turtle.color('brown') >> >>> tup = (0.2, 0.8, 0.55) >> >>> turtle.color(tup) >> >>> turtle.color(0, .5, 0) >> """ >> if not args: >> raise Error, "no color arguments" >> if len(args) == 1: >> color = args[0] >> if type(color) == type(""): >> # Test the color first >> try: >> id = self._canvas.create_line(0, 0, 0, 0, fill=color) >> except Tkinter.TclError: >> raise Error, "bad color string: %r" % (color,) >> self._set_color(color) >> return >> try: >> r, g, b = color >> except: >> raise Error, "bad color sequence: %r" % (color,) >> else: >> try: >> r, g, b = args >> except: >> raise Error, "bad color arguments: %r" % (args,) >> assert 0 <= r <= 1 >> assert 0 <= g <= 1 >> assert 0 <= b <= 1 >> x = 255.0 >> y = 0.5 >> self._set_color("#%02x%02x%02x" % (int(r*x+y), int(g*x+y), >> int(b*x+y))) >> >> def _set_color(self,color): >> self._color = color >> self._draw_turtle() >> >> def write(self, text, move=False): >> """ Write text at the current pen position. >> >> If move is true, the pen is moved to the bottom-right corner >> of the text. By default, move is False. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.write('The race is on!') >> >>> turtle.write('Home = (0, 0)', True) >> """ >> x, y = self._position >> x = x-1 # correction -- calibrated for Windows >> item = self._canvas.create_text(x, y, >> text=str(text), anchor="sw", >> fill=self._color) >> self._items.append(item) >> if move: >> x0, y0, x1, y1 = self._canvas.bbox(item) >> self._goto(x1, y1) >> self._draw_turtle() >> >> def fill(self, flag): >> """ Call fill(1) before drawing the shape you want to fill, and >> fill(0) when done. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.fill(1) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.fill(0) >> """ >> if self._filling: >> path = tuple(self._path) >> smooth = self._filling < 0 >> if len(path) > 2: >> item = self._canvas._create('polygon', path, >> {'fill': self._color, >> 'smooth': smooth}) >> self._items.append(item) >> if self._tofill: >> for item in self._tofill: >> self._canvas.itemconfigure(item, fill=self._color) >> self._items.append(item) >> self._path = [] >> self._tofill = [] >> self._filling = flag >> if flag: >> self._path.append(self._position) >> self.forward(0) >> >> def begin_fill(self): >> """ Called just before drawing a shape to be filled. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.begin_fill() >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.end_fill() >> """ >> self.fill(1) >> >> def end_fill(self): >> """ Called after drawing a shape to be filled. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.begin_fill() >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.left(90) >> >>> turtle.forward(100) >> >>> turtle.end_fill() >> """ >> self.fill(0) >> >> def circle(self, radius, extent=None): >> """ Draw a circle with given radius. >> The center is radius units left of the turtle; extent >> determines which part of the circle is drawn. If not given, >> the entire circle is drawn. >> >> If extent is not a full circle, one endpoint of the arc is the >> current pen position. The arc is drawn in a counter clockwise >> direction if radius is positive, otherwise in a clockwise >> direction. In the process, the direction of the turtle is >> changed by the amount of the extent. >> >> >>> turtle.circle(50) >> >>> turtle.circle(120, 180) # half a circle >> """ >> if extent is None: >> extent = self._fullcircle >> x0, y0 = self._position >> xc = x0 - radius * sin(self._angle * self._invradian) >> yc = y0 - radius * cos(self._angle * self._invradian) >> if radius >= 0.0: >> start = self._angle - 90.0 >> else: >> start = self._angle + 90.0 >> extent = -extent >> if self._filling: >> if abs(extent) >= self._fullcircle: >> item = self._canvas.create_oval(xc-radius, yc-radius, >> xc+radius, yc+radius, >> width=self._width, >> outline="") >> self._tofill.append(item) >> item = self._canvas.create_arc(xc-radius, yc-radius, >> xc+radius, yc+radius, >> style="chord", >> start=start, >> extent=extent, >> width=self._width, >> outline="") >> self._tofill.append(item) >> if self._drawing: >> if abs(extent) >= self._fullcircle: >> item = self._canvas.create_oval(xc-radius, yc-radius, >> xc+radius, yc+radius, >> width=self._width, >> outline=self._color) >> self._items.append(item) >> item = self._canvas.create_arc(xc-radius, yc-radius, >> xc+radius, yc+radius, >> style="arc", >> start=start, >> extent=extent, >> width=self._width, >> outline=self._color) >> self._items.append(item) >> angle = start + extent >> x1 = xc + abs(radius) * cos(angle * self._invradian) >> y1 = yc - abs(radius) * sin(angle * self._invradian) >> self._angle = (self._angle + extent) % self._fullcircle >> self._position = x1, y1 >> if self._filling: >> self._path.append(self._position) >> self._draw_turtle() >> >> def heading(self): >> """ Returns the turtle's current heading. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 67.0 >> """ >> return self._angle >> >> def setheading(self, angle): >> """ Set the turtle facing the given angle. >> >> Here are some common directions in degrees: >> >> 0 - east >> 90 - north >> 180 - west >> 270 - south >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.setheading(90) >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 90 >> >>> turtle.setheading(128) >> >>> turtle.heading() >> 128 >> """ >> self._angle = angle >> self._draw_turtle() >> >> def window_width(self): >> """ Returns the width of the turtle window. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.window_width() >> 640 >> """ >> width = self._canvas.winfo_width() >> if width <= 1: # the window isn't managed by a geometry manager >> width = self._canvas['width'] >> return width >> >> def window_height(self): >> """ Returns the height of the turtle window. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.window_height() >> 768 >> """ >> height = self._canvas.winfo_height() >> if height <= 1: # the window isn't managed by a geometry manager >> height = self._canvas['height'] >> return height >> >> def position(self): >> """ Returns the current (x, y) location of the turtle. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.position() >> [0.0, 240.0] >> """ >> x0, y0 = self._origin >> x1, y1 = self._position >> return [x1-x0, -y1+y0] >> >> def setx(self, xpos): >> """ Sets the turtle's x coordinate to be xpos. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.position() >> [10.0, 240.0] >> >>> turtle.setx(10) >> >>> turtle.position() >> [10.0, 240.0] >> """ >> x0, y0 = self._origin >> x1, y1 = self._position >> self._goto(x0+xpos, y1) >> >> def sety(self, ypos): >> """ Sets the turtle's y coordinate to be ypos. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.position() >> [0.0, 0.0] >> >>> turtle.sety(-22) >> >>> turtle.position() >> [0.0, -22.0] >> """ >> x0, y0 = self._origin >> x1, y1 = self._position >> self._goto(x1, y0-ypos) >> >> def towards(self, *args): >> """Returns the angle, which corresponds to the line >> from turtle-position to point (x,y). >> >> Argument can be two coordinates or one pair of coordinates >> or a RawPen/Pen instance. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.position() >> [10.0, 10.0] >> >>> turtle.towards(0,0) >> 225.0 >> """ >> if len(args) == 2: >> x, y = args >> else: >> arg = args[0] >> if isinstance(arg, RawPen): >> x, y = arg.position() >> else: >> x, y = arg >> x0, y0 = self.position() >> dx = x - x0 >> dy = y - y0 >> return (atan2(dy,dx) / self._invradian) % self._fullcircle >> >> def goto(self, *args): >> """ Goto the given point. >> >> If the pen is down, then a line will be drawn. The turtle's >> orientation does not change. >> >> Two input formats are accepted: >> >> goto(x, y) >> go to point (x, y) >> >> goto((x, y)) >> go to point (x, y) >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.position() >> [0.0, 0.0] >> >>> turtle.goto(50, -45) >> >>> turtle.position() >> [50.0, -45.0] >> """ >> if len(args) == 1: >> try: >> x, y = args[0] >> except: >> raise Error, "bad point argument: %r" % (args[0],) >> else: >> try: >> x, y = args >> except: >> raise Error, "bad coordinates: %r" % (args[0],) >> x0, y0 = self._origin >> self._goto(x0+x, y0-y) >> >> def _goto(self, x1, y1): >> x0, y0 = self._position >> self._position = map(float, (x1, y1)) >> if self._filling: >> self._path.append(self._position) >> if self._drawing: >> if self._tracing: >> dx = float(x1 - x0) >> dy = float(y1 - y0) >> distance = hypot(dx, dy) >> nhops = int(distance) >> item = self._canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x0, y0, >> width=self._width, >> capstyle="round", >> fill=self._color) >> try: >> for i in range(1, 1+nhops): >> x, y = x0 + dx*i/nhops, y0 + dy*i/nhops >> self._canvas.coords(item, x0, y0, x, y) >> self._draw_turtle((x,y)) >> self._canvas.update() >> self._canvas.after(self._delay) >> # in case nhops==0 >> self._canvas.coords(item, x0, y0, x1, y1) >> self._canvas.itemconfigure(item, arrow="none") >> except Tkinter.TclError: >> # Probably the window was closed! >> return >> else: >> item = self._canvas.create_line(x0, y0, x1, y1, >> width=self._width, >> capstyle="round", >> fill=self._color) >> self._items.append(item) >> self._draw_turtle() >> >> def speed(self, speed): >> """ Set the turtle's speed. >> >> speed must one of these five strings: >> >> 'fastest' is a 0 ms delay >> 'fast' is a 5 ms delay >> 'normal' is a 10 ms delay >> 'slow' is a 15 ms delay >> 'slowest' is a 20 ms delay >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.speed('slow') >> """ >> try: >> speed = speed.strip().lower() >> self._delay = speeds.index(speed) * 5 >> except: >> raise ValueError, "%r is not a valid speed. speed must be one of >> %s" % (speed, speeds) >> >> >> def delay(self, delay): >> """ Sets the drawing delay in milliseconds. >> >> Example: >> >>> turtle.delay(15) >> """ >> if int(delay) < 0: >> raise ValueError, "delay must be greater than or equal to 0" >> self._delay = int(delay) >> >> def _draw_turtle(self, position=[]): >> if not self._tracing: >> return >> if position == []: >> position = self._position >> x,y = position >> distance = 8 >> dx = distance * cos(self._angle*self._invradian) >> dy = distance * sin(self._angle*self._invradian) >> self._delete_turtle() >> self._arrow = self._canvas.create_line(x-dx,y+dy,x,y, >> width=self._width, >> arrow="last", >> capstyle="round", >> fill=self._color) >> self._canvas.update() >> >> def _delete_turtle(self): >> if self._arrow != 0: >> self._canvas.delete(self._arrow) >> self._arrow = 0 >> >> >> _root = None >> _canvas = None >> _pen = None >> _width = 0.50 # 50% of window for width >> _height = 0.75 # 75% of window for height >> _startx = None >> _starty = None >> _title = "Turtle Graphics" # default title >> >> class Pen(RawPen): >> >> def __init__(self): >> global _root, _canvas >> if _root is None: >> _root = Tkinter.Tk() >> _root.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self._destroy) >> _root.title(_title) >> >> if _canvas is None: >> # XXX Should have scroll bars >> _canvas = Tkinter.Canvas(_root, background="white") >> _canvas.pack(expand=1, fill="both") >> >> setup(width=_width, height= _height, startx=_startx, starty=_starty) >> >> RawPen.__init__(self, _canvas) >> >> def _destroy(self): >> global _root, _canvas, _pen >> root = self._canvas._root() >> if root is _root: >> _pen = None >> _root = None >> _canvas = None >> root.destroy() >> >> def _getpen(): >> global _pen >> if not _pen: >> _pen = Pen() >> return _pen >> >> class Turtle(Pen): >> pass >> >> def degrees(): _getpen().degrees() >> def radians(): _getpen().radians() >> def reset(): _getpen().reset() >> def clear(): _getpen().clear() >> def tracer(flag): _getpen().tracer(flag) >> def forward(distance): _getpen().forward(distance) >> def backward(distance): _getpen().backward(distance) >> def left(angle): _getpen().left(angle) >> def right(angle): _getpen().right(angle) >> def up(): _getpen().up() >> def down(): _getpen().down() >> def width(width): _getpen().width(width) >> def color(*args): _getpen().color(*args) >> def write(arg, move=0): _getpen().write(arg, move) >> def fill(flag): _getpen().fill(flag) >> def begin_fill(): _getpen().begin_fill() >> def end_fill(): _getpen.end_fill() >> def circle(radius, extent=None): _getpen().circle(radius, extent) >> def goto(*args): _getpen().goto(*args) >> def heading(): return _getpen().heading() >> def setheading(angle): _getpen().setheading(angle) >> def position(): return _getpen().position() >> def window_width(): return _getpen().window_width() >> def window_height(): return _getpen().window_height() >> def setx(xpos): _getpen().setx(xpos) >> def sety(ypos): _getpen().sety(ypos) >> def towards(*args): return _getpen().towards(*args) >> >> def done(): _root.mainloop() >> def delay(delay): return _getpen().delay(delay) >> def speed(speed): return _getpen().speed(speed) >> >> def setup(**geometry): >> """ Sets the size and position of the main window. >> >> Keywords are width, height, startx and starty >> >> width: either a size in pixels or a fraction of the screen. >> Default is 50% of screen. >> height: either the height in pixels or a fraction of the screen. >> Default is 75% of screen. >> >> Setting either width or height to None before drawing will force >> use of default geometry as in older versions of turtle.py >> >> startx: starting position in pixels from the left edge of the screen. >> Default is to center window. Setting startx to None is the default >> and centers window horizontally on screen. >> >> starty: starting position in pixels from the top edge of the screen. >> Default is to center window. Setting starty to None is the default >> and centers window vertically on screen. >> >> Examples: >> >>> setup (width=200, height=200, startx=0, starty=0) >> >> sets window to 200x200 pixels, in upper left of screen >> >> >>> setup(width=.75, height=0.5, startx=None, starty=None) >> >> sets window to 75% of screen by 50% of screen and centers >> >> >>> setup(width=None) >> >> forces use of default geometry as in older versions of turtle.py >> """ >> >> global _width, _height, _startx, _starty >> >> width = geometry.get('width',_width) >> if width >= 0 or width == None: >> _width = width >> else: >> raise ValueError, "width can not be less than 0" >> >> height = geometry.get('height',_height) >> if height >= 0 or height == None: >> _height = height >> else: >> raise ValueError, "height can not be less than 0" >> >> startx = geometry.get('startx', _startx) >> if startx >= 0 or startx == None: >> _startx = _startx >> else: >> raise ValueError, "startx can not be less than 0" >> >> starty = geometry.get('starty', _starty) >> if starty >= 0 or starty == None: >> _starty = starty >> else: >> raise ValueError, "startx can not be less than 0" >> >> >> if _root and _width and _height: >> if 0 < _width <= 1: >> _width = _root.winfo_screenwidth() * +width >> if 0 < _height <= 1: >> _height = _root.winfo_screenheight() * _height >> >> # center window on screen >> if _startx is None: >> _startx = (_root.winfo_screenwidth() - _width) / 2 >> >> if _starty is None: >> _starty = (_root.winfo_screenheight() - _height) / 2 >> >> _root.geometry("%dx%d+%d+%d" % (_width, _height, _startx, _starty)) >> >> def title(title): >> """ set the window title. >> >> By default this is set to 'Turtle Graphics' >> >> Example: >> >>> title("My Window") >> """ >> >> global _title >> _title = title >> >> def demo(): >> reset() >> tracer(1) >> up() >> backward(100) >> down() >> # draw 3 squares; the last filled >> width(3) >> for i in range(3): >> if i == 2: >> fill(1) >> for j in range(4): >> forward(20) >> left(90) >> if i == 2: >> color("maroon") >> fill(0) >> up() >> forward(30) >> down() >> width(1) >> color("black") >> # move out of the way >> tracer(0) >> up() >> right(90) >> forward(100) >> right(90) >> forward(100) >> right(180) >> down() >> # some text >> write("startstart", 1) >> write("start", 1) >> color("red") >> # staircase >> for i in range(5): >> forward(20) >> left(90) >> forward(20) >> right(90) >> # filled staircase >> fill(1) >> for i in range(5): >> forward(20) >> left(90) >> forward(20) >> right(90) >> fill(0) >> # more text >> write("end") >> if __name__ == '__main__': >> done() >> >> if __name__ == '__main__': >> demo() >> >> >> ------------------------------------------------------------------------ >> >> from turtle import * >> from Tkinter import mainloop >> from time import sleep >> >> def demo1(): >> # demo des alten turtle-Moduls >> reset() >> tracer(1) >> up() >> backward(100) >> down() >> # draw 3 squares; the last filled >> width(3) >> for i in range(3): >> if i == 2: >> fill(1) >> for j in range(4): >> forward(20) >> left(90) >> if i == 2: >> color("maroon") >> fill(0) >> up() >> forward(30) >> down() >> width(1) >> color("black") >> # move out of the way >> tracer(0) >> up() >> right(90) >> forward(100) >> right(90) >> forward(100) >> right(180) >> down() >> # some text >> write("startstart", 1) >> write("start", 1) >> color("red") >> # staircase >> for i in range(5): >> forward(20) >> left(90) >> forward(20) >> right(90) >> # filled staircase >> fill(1) >> for i in range(5): >> forward(20) >> left(90) >> forward(20) >> right(90) >> fill(0) >> # more text >> write("wait a moment...") >> tracer(1) >> >> def demo2(): >> # einige weitere und einige neue features >> speed('fast') >> ## st() >> width(3) >> setheading(towards(0,0)) >> x,y = position() >> r = (x**2+y**2)**.5/2.0 >> right(90) >> pendown = True >> for i in range(18): >> if pendown: >> up() >> pendown = False >> else: >> down() >> pendown = True >> circle(r,10) >> sleep(2) >> >> reset() >> left(90) >> >> l = 10 >> color("green") >> width(3) >> left(180) >> sp = 5 >> for i in range(-2,16): >> if i > 0: >> color(1.0-0.05*i,0,0.05*i) >> fill(1) >> color("green") >> for j in range(3): >> forward(l) >> left(120) >> l += 10 >> left(15) >> if sp > 0: >> sp = sp-1 >> speed(speeds[sp]) >> color(0.25,0,0.75) >> fill(0) >> color("green") >> >> left(120) >> up() >> forward(70) >> right(30) >> down() >> color("red") >> speed('fastest') >> fill(1) >> for i in range(4): >> circle(50,90) >> right(90) >> forward(30) >> right(90) >> color("yellow") >> fill(0) >> color("red") >> left(90) >> up(); forward(30); down(); # setshape(1) >> >> ## tri = turtles()[0] >> turtle=Pen() >> ## turtle.setshape(1) >> #### turtle.mode("logo") >> turtle.reset() >> turtle.left(90) >> turtle.speed('normal') >> turtle.up() >> turtle.goto(280,40) >> turtle.left(24) >> turtle.down() >> turtle.speed('normal') >> turtle.color("blue") >> turtle.width(2) >> speed('fastest') >> ## setheading(towards(*turtle.position())) ## for simple towards >> setheading(towards(turtle)) >> while ( abs(position()[0]-turtle.position()[0])>4 or >> abs(position()[1]-turtle.position()[1])>4): >> turtle.forward(3.5) >> turtle.left(0.6) >> ## setheading(towards(*turtle.position())) >> setheading(towards(turtle)) >> forward(4) >> write("CAUGHT! ", move=True) >> >> >> demo1() >> >> try: >> demo2() >> except: >> pass >> >> mainloop() > -- This time for sure! -Bullwinkle J. Moose ----------------------------- Vern Ceder, Director of Technology Canterbury School, 3210 Smith Road, Ft Wayne, IN 46804 [EMAIL PROTECTED]; 260-436-0746; FAX: 260-436-5137 --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "edupython" group. To post to this group, send email to [email protected] To unsubscribe from this group, send email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/edupython -~----------~----~----~----~------~----~------~--~---
