On Sat, Aug 30, 2025 at 6:56 AM Alan Grayson <[email protected]> wrote:


*The following quote is from  Expansion of the universe
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansion_of_the_universe?utm_source=chatgpt.com>
>  :*
>
> *"The very earliest expansion, called inflation
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inflation_(cosmology)> saw the universe
> suddenly expand by a factor of at least 1026 in every direction about
> 10−32 of a second after the Big Bang. Cosmic expansion subsequently
> decelerated to much slower rates, until around 9.8 billion years after the
> Big Bang (4 billion years ago) it began to gradually **expand more
> quickly
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe>, and
> is still doing so." *
>
> *The following quote is from** Accelerating expansion of the universe
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe>:*
>
>
>
> *"The accelerated expansion of the universe is thought to have begun since
> the universe entered its dark-energy-dominated era
> <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark-energy-dominated_era> roughly 5 billion
> years ago"*
>
>
> *> I never disputed that conclusion; only yours, that it implies that
> after the galaxies formed, the universe was expanding very slowly.*
>

*Expanding "very slowly" compared with the expansion of the universe during
inflation certainly. I will now make a statement that you dispute that I am
nevertheless absolutely certain is true: *

*Today galaxies are expanding faster than they were before galaxies started
expanding faster. *

*The reason I would be willing to bet my life on the above statement being
true is because all tautologies are true.*


*> Sure, after that the expansion slowed due to gravity, but the discovery
> of the accelerated expansion says NOTHING about the much earlier rate of
> expansion. AG *
>

*Yet more evidence that you don't read what I write, not even the parts
that I underline. *


*"Cosmic expansion subsequently decelerated to much slower rates, until
around 9.8 billion years after the Big Bang (4 billion years ago) it began
to gradually **expand more quickly
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe>, and
is still doing so." *

*  John K Clark    See what's on my new list at  Extropolis
<https://groups.google.com/g/extropolis>*
emq

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