I'm glad I leave the engineering to other people!!!
  I just know that tube axles gent bent less!!!
   
  CR

[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
  The thing is a hollow tube CAN be stronger from the standpoint of weight in 
tosion. Here is why. Torsional stress for a solid or hollow rod/tube is:

S= T*r/G*J

Where J is the polar moment of inertia for a tube is:

J= (PI/64)*((DO^4) - (DI^4))

For a rod it is:

J=(PI/64)*(DO^4)

Since most of the stress is in the outer fibers, removing the inner part of 
the rod, to make a tube and increasing the outer diameter gives a hollow tube 
that is stronger in torsion than the rod. It will however, have a larger 
outside diameter.

The same is true in bending. 

Understand there are more things at stake here than just the bending and 
torsional stress and deflection. Using welded or seamless tubing can affect the 
load capacity of the tube, and there is always the issue of buckling under 
load.

Sometimes people draw vast conclusions from half-vast data.

The bottom line is that a hollow tube CAN be stronger, by weight, but not by 
size, than a solid rod of the same material.


 
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