Some good examples of un-flat runways: KATL ( especially 8R, concave ) San Jose, Costa Rica ( steep slope, strong visual illusion ) Guatemala City, Guatemala ( very concave runway )
On a related note, here are some airports that the FAA considers "special", as
of 1990, and why:
APPENDIX 1. SPECIAL AIRPORTS
ALASKAN REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Dutch Harbor, AK Mountainous terrain.
Juneau, AK Mountainous terrain.
Ketchikan, AK Mountainous terrain on
both sides of final
approach.
Kodiak, AK Airport is surrounded by
mountainous terrain. Any
go-around beyond ILS or
GCA MAP will not provide
obstruction clearance.
Petersburg, AK Mountainous terrain in
immediate vicinity of
airport, all quandrants.
Sandpoint, AK Mountainous terrain.
Seward, AK Mountainous terrain in the
immediate vicinity of
airport.
Sitka, AK Obstruction in missed
approach, all quadrants.
Valdez, AK Mountainous terrain in
immediate vicinity of
airport.
Wrangell, AK Mountainous terrain in
immediate vicinity of
airport all quadrants.
U.S. MILITARY AIRPORTS
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Adak, AK Special conditions due to
precipitous terrain.
Cape Lisburne AFS, AK Mountainous terrain in
approach zones;
nonstandard instrument
approach.
Cape Newenham AFS, AK Runway located on mountain
slope with high gradient
factor; nonstandard
instrument approach.
Cape Romanzof, AK Runway located on side of
mountain; mountainous
terrain both sides and
north end of runway.
Indian Mountain AFS, AK Mountainous terrain.
Sparrevohn AFS, AK Mountainous terrain.
Tatlina AFS, AK Unique approach;
mountainous terrain.
+ Tin City AFS, AK Mountainous terrain.
EASTERN REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Beckley, WV Mountainous terrain.
Bluefield, WV Mountainous terrain.
Charleston (Kanawha), WV Mountainous terrain.
+ Cumberland, MD Mountainous terrain.
Elmira (Chemung), NY Mountainous terrain.
+ Elkins, WV Mountainous terrain.
Harrisburg Int'l., PA Mountainous terrain.
Hot Springs, VA Mountainous terrain.
Roanoke, VA Mountainous terrain.
Huntington, WV Mountainous terrain.
Washington, DC (National) Special arrival/departure
procedures.
Wilkes-Barre, PA Mountainous terrain.
Binghamton, NY Mountainous terrain.
+ Saranac Lake, NY Mountainous terrain.
Shenandoah Valley, VA Mountainous terrain.
(Stanton-Waynesboro-Harrisonburg)
EUROPEAN REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Berlin, Germany Political sensitivity of
corridor adherence.
Stuttgart, Germany Complex ATC procedures;
limited approach
facilities.
Sondrestrom AB, Sondre Stromfjord Terrain; missed approach
Greenland procedures.
+ Airports in the Union of Soviet Limited information,
Socialist Republic (USSR) unique procedures.
GREAT LAKES REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Marquette, MI Mountainous terrain.
NEW ENGLAND REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Dillant-Hopkins, NH Mountainous terrain.
Lebanon Regional Mountainous terrain.
(Lebanon, NH)
Edward F. Knapp State Mountainous terrain.
(Barre, VT)
Burlington Int'l., VT Mountainous terrain.
NORTHWEST MOUNTAIN REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Klamath Falls, OR Mountainous terrain.
Aspen, CO High terrain; special
procedures.
Durango, CO High terrain; no
radar; ILS.
Gunnison, CO VOR only; uncontrolled;
numerous obstructions
in airport area; complex
departure procedures.
Butte, MT Numerous obstructions; all
nonprecision approaches;
no tower.
+ Rifle/Garfield County Mountainous terrain.
Regional, CO
Yellowstone, MT Mountainous terrain.
Missoula, MT Mountainous terrain;
special procedures.
Cody, WY Mountainous terrain;
no approach control;
off airport; no tower;
nonprecision approaches
only.
Jackson Hole, WY Mountainous terrain;
all quadrants; complex
departure procedures.
Eagle, CO Mountainous terrain.
Telluride, CO High Field elevation.
Hailey, ID (Friedman Memorial) Mountainous terrain;
special arrival/departure
procedures.
Hayden, Yampa Valley, CO Mountainous terrain;
no control tower;
special engine-out
procedures for
certain large aircraft.
SOUTHERN REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Anniston, AL Traffic complexity.
Asheville, NC Mountainous terrain.
Beef Island, British Virgin Terrain; night procedures.
Birmingham, AL Mountainous terrain.
Fort DeFrance, Martinique Terrain.
Guatemala City, Guatemala High field elevation;
mountainous terrain;
unique departure
restrictions.
Key West Florida Int'l., Airport Lake effect upon thermals
on short final to
4,800-foot runway.
La Paz, Bolivia High altitude requires
special performance.
+ Guantanamo Bay NAS, Cuba Unique approach
requirements.
+ St. Maarten, Netherlands Antilles Mountainous terrain.
Las Americas, Santo Domingo No radar environment;
prohibited area and
San Isidro Air Base
Northeast of field.
Pointe-a-Pitre, Guadeloupe Mountainous terrain.
(in Leeward Islands)
Quito, Ecuador Special approach
procedure.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Mountainous terrain;
complexity of
approaches; high
traffic density.
San Jose, Costa Rica Mountainous terrain;
unreliable navaids.
St. Thomas, Virgin Islands Mountainous terrain;
Tegucigalpa, Honduras Mountainous terrain;
SOUTHWEST REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Guadalajara, Mexico High terrain; special
departure procedure.
WESTERN-PACIFIC REGION
AIRPORT COMMENTS
Hong Kong Int'l. Special approach;
(British Colony, S.E. China) mountainous terrain.
Lihue, Kauai, HI High terrain; mountainous
to 2,300 feet within 3
miles of the localizer.
Kahului, Maui, HI Mountainous terrain.
Burbank, CA Mountainous terrain.
+ Santa Barbara, CA Mountainous terrain.
Flagstaff, AZ High terrain.
Pago Pago Mountainous terrain.
(Tutuila Island, U.S.)
Palm Springs, CA Mountainous terrain.
+ Ontario, CA Mountainous terrain
and extremely limited
visibility in haze
conditions.
Reno, NV High terrain.
Hilo (General Lyman), HI Mountainous terrain.
--
****************************
David Culp
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
****************************
_______________________________________________
Flightgear-devel mailing list
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://mail.flightgear.org/mailman/listinfo/flightgear-devel
