kosiew commented on code in PR #16681:
URL: https://github.com/apache/datafusion/pull/16681#discussion_r2206960159


##########
datafusion/expr/src/udf.rs:
##########
@@ -696,16 +700,89 @@ pub trait ScalarUDFImpl: Debug + Send + Sync {
 
     /// Return true if this scalar UDF is equal to the other.
     ///
-    /// Allows customizing the equality of scalar UDFs.
-    /// Must be consistent with [`Self::hash_value`] and follow the same rules 
as [`Eq`]:
+    /// This method allows customizing the equality of scalar UDFs. It must 
adhere to the rules of equivalence:
+    ///
+    /// - Reflexive: `a.equals(a)` must return true.
+    /// - Symmetric: `a.equals(b)` implies `b.equals(a)`.
+    /// - Transitive: `a.equals(b)` and `b.equals(c)` implies `a.equals(c)`.
+    ///
+    /// # Default Behavior
+    /// By default, this method compares the type IDs, names, and signatures 
of the two UDFs. If these match,
+    /// the method assumes the UDFs are not equal unless their pointers are 
the same. This conservative approach
+    /// ensures that different instances of the same function type are not 
mistakenly considered equal.
     ///
-    /// - reflexive: `a.equals(a)`;
-    /// - symmetric: `a.equals(b)` implies `b.equals(a)`;
-    /// - transitive: `a.equals(b)` and `b.equals(c)` implies `a.equals(c)`.
+    /// # Custom Implementation
+    /// If a UDF has internal state or additional properties that should be 
considered for equality, this method
+    /// should be overridden. For example, a UDF with parameters might compare 
those parameters in addition to
+    /// the default checks.
+    ///
+    /// # Example
+    /// ```rust
+    /// use std::any::Any;
+    /// use std::hash::{DefaultHasher, Hash, Hasher};
+    /// use arrow::datatypes::DataType;
+    /// use datafusion_common::{not_impl_err, Result};
+    /// use datafusion_expr::{ColumnarValue, ScalarFunctionArgs, 
ScalarUDFImpl, Signature};
+    ///
+    /// #[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+    /// struct MyUdf {
+    ///  param: i32,
+    ///  signature: Signature,
+    /// }
     ///
-    /// By default, compares [`Self::name`] and [`Self::signature`].
+    /// impl ScalarUDFImpl for MyUdf {
+    ///    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn Any {
+    ///        self
+    ///    }
+    ///    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+    ///        "my_udf"
+    ///    }
+    ///    fn signature(&self) -> &Signature {
+    ///        &self.signature
+    ///    }
+    ///    fn return_type(&self, _arg_types: &[DataType]) -> Result<DataType> {
+    ///        Ok(DataType::Int32)
+    ///    }
+    ///    fn invoke_with_args(&self, _args: ScalarFunctionArgs) -> 
Result<ColumnarValue> {
+    ///        not_impl_err!("not used")
+    ///    }
+    ///     fn equals(&self, other: &dyn ScalarUDFImpl) -> bool {
+    ///         if let Some(other) = other.as_any().downcast_ref::<Self>() {
+    ///             self == other
+    ///         } else {
+    ///             false
+    ///         }
+    ///     }
+    ///     fn hash_value(&self) -> u64 {
+    ///         let mut hasher = DefaultHasher::new();
+    ///         self.param.hash(&mut hasher);
+    ///         self.name().hash(&mut hasher);
+    ///         hasher.finish()
+    ///     }
+    /// }
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// # Notes
+    /// - This method must be consistent with [`Self::hash_value`]. If 
`equals` returns true for two UDFs,
+    ///   their hash values must also be the same.
+    /// - Ensure that the implementation does not panic or cause undefined 
behavior for any input.
     fn equals(&self, other: &dyn ScalarUDFImpl) -> bool {
-        self.name() == other.name() && self.signature() == other.signature()
+        // if the pointers are the same, the UDFs are the same
+        if std::ptr::eq(self.as_any(), other.as_any()) {

Review Comment:
   I think we cannot safely use std::ptr::eq(self, other) here because self and 
other are trait objects (&dyn ScalarUDFImpl).
   std::ptr::eq(self, other) would compare the vtable pointers, not the 
underlying data pointers, and may return false even if the trait objects point 
to the same data.



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