Thank you very much for your kind help.
Best wishes,
Howard

> On Aug 28, 2024, at 8:08 AM, Michaels, Prof. Dr. Axel via INDOLOGY 
> <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> I guess you know the following study (in German): Monika Shee: tapas und 
> tapasvin in der erzählenden Partien des Mahābhārata. Hamburg: Verlag Dr. Inge 
> Wezler, 1986.
> It’s a detailed philological study. Pp. 204-14 (“tapas, yoga, saṃnyāsa” and 
> ”tapas und Magie”) seem to be especially instructive for your question. If 
> you need a scan, don’t hesitate to let it me know.
> Best wishes,
> Axel / Michaels
>  
>  
> From: INDOLOGY <[email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]>> on behalf of 
> "[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>" 
> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>
> Reply to: Patrick Olivelle <[email protected] 
> <mailto:[email protected]>>
> Date: Wednesday, 28. August 2024 at 16:12
> To: Matthew Kapstein <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>
> Cc: "[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>" 
> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>>
> Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] tapasya
>  
> There is also the book by Walter O. Kaelber, Tapta Mārga. 
> <image001.png>
> Tapta Marga: Asceticism and Initiation in Vedic India 
> <https://www.amazon.com/Tapta-Marga-Asceticism-Initiation-Vedic-India/dp/0887068138>
> amazon.com 
> <https://www.amazon.com/Tapta-Marga-Asceticism-Initiation-Vedic-India/dp/0887068138>
>  
>  
> 
> 
>> On Aug 28, 2024, at 3:20 AM, Matthew Kapstein via INDOLOGY 
>> <[email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
>>  
>> Hi Howard,  
>>  
>> For some reason, I think that Heinrich Zimmer,
>> may have written about this, but I’m away from my library and can’t recall 
>> exactly where. Maybe Philosophies of India. He was a Schopenhauerian, which 
>> would make good sense here, as the problem of the autonomy or heteronomy of 
>> the will seems clearly central to the topic that interests you. 
>>  
>> good luck 
>> Matthew 
>>  
>> Sent from Proton Mail <https://proton.me/mail/home> for iOS
>>  
>>  
>> On Wed, Aug 28, 2024 at 05:29, Howard Resnick via INDOLOGY 
>> <[email protected] 
>> <mailto:On%20Wed,%20Aug%2028,%202024%20at%2005:29,%20Howard%20Resnick%20via%20INDOLOGY%20%3c%3ca%20href=>>
>>  wrote:
>>> Dear Scholars,
>>> 
>>> Within various genres of Sanskrit literature, perhaps especially 
>>> itihāsa-purāṇa, we find a pervasive belief that tapasya — serious austerity 
>>> -- bestows power on the performer, either directly or through the agency of 
>>> a Deva, Ṛṣi, or other superior being. The examples are almost innumerable.
>>> 
>>> I’m trying to explore this claim about the power of tapasya. On the 
>>> empirical side, one can speak of the power of mental discipline and 
>>> detachment from the body, etc. But of course empirically, there is nothing 
>>> like the supernatural results obtained by serious ascetics in the ancient 
>>> literature.
>>> 
>>> One common apologetic is to attribute or assign such powers to the previous 
>>> three yugas, with the claim that those powers fail in Kali-yuga.
>>> 
>>> I bring this up because I am working on a reconstruction of the famous 
>>> Mahābhārata story of Ambā who performed unimaginable tapasya, and then, as 
>>> a result, took birth as Śikhaṇḍī and enabled the killing of Bhīṣma at 
>>> Kurukṣetra.
>>> 
>>> The facile explanation of course is to invoke the notion of pre-scientific 
>>> mythology. I am trying to take a more cautious approach. Of course tapasya 
>>> as a source of power intersects the notion of attaining yoga-siddhis, a 
>>> process in which tapasya is also heavily involved.
>>> 
>>> I bring this up in a heuristic, exploratory way and would be grateful for 
>>> any observations, insights, or theories about this, especially the link 
>>> between severe self-abnegation and power.
>>> 
>>> Thanks in advance!
>>> 
>>> Howard
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
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>> 
>> 
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