Thank you. Much appreciated.

> On Aug 29, 2024, at 5:51 AM, Edwin Bryant <[email protected]> 
> wrote:
> 
> Sanyama which underpins the manifestation of the siddhis, is the ultimate 
> expression of tapas, and is featured in pada III, vibhuti (siddhi) pada, 
> where it occurs a dozen or more times.  If you read the sutras and 
> commentaries of that pada (which I attempted to distill) you will encounter 
> everything the classical yoga shastra had to say about the connections you 
> seek .   
> From: Howard Resnick <[email protected]>
> Sent: Wednesday, August 28, 2024 1:00 PM
> To: Edwin Bryant <[email protected]>
> Cc: Indology List <[email protected]>
> Subject: Re: [INDOLOGY] tapasya
>  
> Thank you for your interesting comments, and your very interesting paper on 
> Yoga-sūtra ontology.
> 
> Can you say more on the specific way that tapasya connects the puruṣa to 
> unlimited power or being, within the Sāṅkhya system?
> 
> Gratefully,
> Howard
> 
>> On Aug 28, 2024, at 3:50 AM, Edwin Bryant <[email protected]> 
>> wrote:
>> 
>> Yoga Sutras IV.1 indicates that siddhis can be attained though 5 different 
>> methods, one of which is tapas (even as Patanjali is clear that these are of 
>> no interest to those seeking samadhi, but only to those whose minds are 
>> flowing "outward," [III.37], viz, towards bhoga).  As you note, claims 
>> pertaining to the attainment of siddhis are accepted without question by 
>> almost all traditions, Buddhist, Jain and Vaidica, in  both folk (e.g. 
>> Puranic literature and its offshoots) and rationalist expressions (e.g.Nyaya 
>> and Vedanta).  These are very serious thinkers whose accomplishments 
>> continue to impress us today: you do well to engage such claims seriously 
>> rather than in a facile ,reflexive manner.
>> 
>> For an extended discussion on the metaphysics underpinning the siddhis as 
>> logical and coherent extensions of Samkhya philosophical presuppositions, 
>> see:
>> 
>> https://sites.rutgers.edu/edwin-bryant/wp-content/uploads/sites/169/2023/12/s42240-020-00073-z.pdf
>> 
>> EB. 
>> 
>> 
>> 
>> From: INDOLOGY <[email protected] 
>> <mailto:[email protected]>> on behalf of Howard Resnick 
>> via INDOLOGY <[email protected] 
>> <mailto:[email protected]>>
>> Sent: Tuesday, August 27, 2024 3:29 PM
>> To: Indology List <[email protected] 
>> <mailto:[email protected]>>
>> Subject: [INDOLOGY] tapasya
>>  
>> Dear Scholars,
>> 
>> Within various genres of Sanskrit literature, perhaps especially 
>> itihāsa-purāṇa, we find a pervasive belief that tapasya — serious austerity 
>> -- bestows power on the performer, either directly or through the agency of 
>> a Deva, Ṛṣi, or other superior being. The examples are almost innumerable.
>> 
>> I’m trying to explore this claim about the power of tapasya. On the 
>> empirical side, one can speak of the power of mental discipline and 
>> detachment from the body, etc. But of course empirically, there is nothing 
>> like the supernatural results obtained by serious ascetics in the ancient 
>> literature.
>> 
>> One common apologetic is to attribute or assign such powers to the previous 
>> three yugas, with the claim that those powers fail in Kali-yuga.
>> 
>> I bring this up because I am working on a reconstruction of the famous 
>> Mahābhārata story of Ambā who performed unimaginable tapasya, and then, as a 
>> result, took birth as Śikhaṇḍī and enabled the killing of Bhīṣma at 
>> Kurukṣetra.
>> 
>> The facile explanation of course is to invoke the notion of pre-scientific 
>> mythology. I am trying to take a more cautious approach. Of course tapasya 
>> as a source of power intersects the notion of attaining yoga-siddhis, a 
>> process in which tapasya is also heavily involved.
>> 
>> I bring this up in a heuristic, exploratory way and would be grateful for 
>> any observations, insights, or theories about this, especially the link 
>> between severe self-abnegation and power.
>> 
>> Thanks in advance!
>> 
>> Howard
>> 
>>  
>> 
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