> On Jan 13, 2025, at 7:53 AM, sartesian via groups.io
> <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> The issue of self-determination cannot be separated from that of permanent
> revolution. Both are the products of uneven and combined development.
Lenin's thesis on self-determination was a result of the effects of colonialism
and imperialism, particularly on the working classes. In addition to its global
significance, "self determination" addressed the conditions of the Russian
Empire where important colonies such as Baku had a mix of Azeri, Armenian, and
Russian workers, who were disunited by the system of privileges bestowed on one
at the expense of others. "We must always and unreservedly work for the very
closest unity of the proletariat of all nationalities," Lenin wrote in his
thesis. He added that "The socialist revolution may break out not only in
consequence of a great strike, a street demonstration, a hunger riot, a mutiny
in the forces, or a colonial rebellion, but also in consequence of any
political crisis, like the Dreyfus affair, the Zabern incident or in connection
with a referendum on the secession of an oppressed nation, etc."
Ethnic tensions within the Russian Revolution contributed to the 1905
revolution. This brings us to Trotsky and his theory of permanent revolution,
which was a result of arguing with Mensheviks. They argued that Trotsky was
wrong for advocating that the working class take power through the soviets
because Russia had to undergo a bourgeois revolution to develop its productive
forces, culture, and working class. Trotsky disagreed: Although hedidn't
articulate a theory of uneven and combined development in 1906, he analyzed its
effects and quoted Kautsky that, in some ways, "stages" can be bypassed.
Inherent in the concept of uneven and combined development is that revolution,
like capital, cannot be confined to one country.
I don't think one can separate Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution from
uneven and combined development, and I don't think one can separate Lenin's
thesis on self determination and colonialism/imperialism. As far as UCD
underlying both, I don't see it.
Mark
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