Hi y'all - I suspect that the explanation will be that the universe expands until it runs out of energy and then contracts into a black hole until it reaches maximum density and then explodes starting the cycle again (sounds good anyway.)
On Dec 8, 2:44 pm, Isparklaria <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > I'm picking up a copy of Steinhardt and Turok's book from the library > so I'll let you know what it says about black holes. > > On Dec 8, 10:27 am, CrossBow <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > > There must be an answer to black holes and where thier captured/devoured > > energy goes in this jumble somewhere...though I did not see it. I anyone > > has that info...please send it my way:) > > > On Sun, Dec 7, 2008 at 8:56 AM, Isparklaria <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > > > > Here is some information on the big collision hypothesis and a link to > > > the page. Google Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok, the creators of this > > > idea for more information. Steinhardt and Turok also wrote a popular > > > account in book form. I suggest that we read it next for the book > > > club, since it gives a hypothetical answer as to what happened before > > > the big bang. > > > >http://www.actionbioscience.org/newfrontiers/steinhardt.html > > > > The cyclic universe model > > > > In this context, a new paradigm has been recently proposed by Paul > > > Steinhardt (Princeton) and Neil Turok (Cambridge) —the cyclic universe > > > — that turns the conventional picture topsy-turvy.2 (Perhaps the model > > > should be called an old paradigm since it reinvigorates ancient cosmic > > > mythologies and philosophies, albeit using the tools of 21st century > > > physics.) In this picture: > > > · space and time exist forever > > > · the big bang is not the beginning of time; rather, it is a bridge > > > to > > > a pre-existing contracting era > > > · the Universe undergoes an endless sequence of cycles in which it > > > contracts in a big crunch and re-emerges in an expanding big bang, > > > with trillions of years of evolution in between > > > · the temperature and density of the universe do not become infinite > > > at any point in the cycle; indeed, they never exceed a finite bound > > > (about a trillion trillion degrees) > > > · no inflation has taken place since the big bang; the current > > > homogeneity and flatness were created by events that occurred before > > > the most recent big bang > > > · the seeds for galaxy formation were created by instabilities > > > arising > > > as the Universe was collapsing towards a big crunch, prior to our big > > > bang > > > The new model provides insight into some questions unanswered by the > > > Big Bang theory. > > > The prospects for an alternative cosmology that is so different from > > > the well-The prospects for an alternative cosmology that is so > > > different from the well-established convention would seem extremely > > > dim. Yet, the cyclic model recoups all of the successful predictions > > > of the big bang/inflationary theory and has sufficient additional > > > predictive power to address many questions which the big bang/ > > > inflationary model does not address at all: > > > · What occurred at the initial singularity? > > > · What is the ultimate fate of the Universe? > > > · What is the role of dark energy and the recently observed cosmic > > > acceleration? > > > · Does time, and the arrow of time, exist before the big bang? or > > > after the big crunch? > > > In the new paradigm, each cycle proceeds through a period of radiation > > > and matter domination consistent with standard cosmology, producing > > > the observed primordial abundance of elements, the cosmic microwave > > > background, the expansion of galaxies, etc. For the next trillion > > > years or more, the Universe undergoes a period of slow cosmic > > > acceleration (as detected in recent observations1), which ultimately > > > empties the Universe of all of the entropy and black holes produced in > > > the preceding cycle and triggers the events that lead to contraction > > > and a big crunch. Note that dark energy is not simply added on — it > > > plays an essential role. The transition from big crunch to big bang > > > automatically replenishes the Universe by creating new matter and > > > radiation. Gravity and the transition from big crunch to big bang keep > > > the cycles going forever. In fact, as will be discussed, the cyclic > > > behavior is a strong attractor. That is, even if the Universe were > > > disrupted from its periodic behavior, it would rapidly reconverge to > > > the cyclic solution. > > > > In the new paradigm, each cycle proceeds through a period of radiation > > > and matter domination consistent with standard cosmology, producing > > > the observed primordial abundance of elements, the cosmic microwave > > > background, the expansion of galaxies, etc. For the next trillion > > > years or more, the Universe undergoes a period of slow cosmic > > > acceleration (as detected in recent observations1), which ultimately > > > empties the Universe of all of the entropy and black holes produced in > > > the preceding cycle and triggers the events that lead to contraction > > > and a big crunch. Note that dark energy is not simply added on — it > > > plays an essential role. The transition from big crunch to big bang > > > automatically replenishes the Universe by creating new matter and > > > radiation. Gravity and the transition from big crunch to big bang keep > > > the cycles going forever. In fact, as will be discussed, the cyclic > > > behavior is a strong attractor. That is, even if the Universe were > > > disrupted from its periodic behavior, it would rapidly reconverge to > > > the cyclic solution. > > > Superstring theory and the cyclic universe > > > The linchpin to the new paradigm is the transition from big crunch to > > > big bang. The transition was thought to be an impossible passage in > > > which the laws of physics blow up. However, recent developments in > > > superstring theory suggest that the cosmic singularity is otherwise, > > > as the two authors have argued in a recent paper with Justin Khoury > > > (Princeton), Burt Ovrut (Penn) and Nathan Seiberg (IAS).3 Superstring > > > theory relies on the idea that the Universe contains nine or ten > > > spatial dimensions, depending on the formulation, all but three of > > > which are curled up in a compact manifold of microscopic size. In this > > > framework, the big bang and big crunch may be an illusion. Expressed > > > in the usual variables of general relativity, it may appear that our > > > usual space and time are disappearing. However, viewed with the proper > > > variables, our usual space dimensions actually remain infinite and > > > time runs continuously. The transition from big crunch to big bang is > > > due, instead, to the collapse, bounce and re-expansion of one of the > > > extra dimensions. For example, in a variant known as M theory: > > > · the Universe consists of two branes (surfaces) bounding an extra > > > dimension, and the singularity corresponds to a collision and bounce > > > of the two branes > > > · the temperature and density of ordinary radiation and matter > > > remain > > > finite at the bounce, and particles move continuously in a natural and > > > intuitive way > > > New cosmological possibilities > > > If superstring theory is proven to dispel the myth that the big bang > > > is the beginning of time, then it opens up new possibilities for the > > > cosmological history of the Universe. Six months ago, the "ekpyrotic > > > model"4 was proposed by Khoury, Ovrut, Steinhardt and Turok as one new > > > possibility based on the idea of making a universe from a single > > > collapse of the extra dimension. The cyclic model builds on lessons > > > learned from the ekpyrotic example to produce a picture with > > > remarkable predictive and explanatory power. > > > (c) 2002, Paul J. Steinhardt, Ph.D. An update by the author of a > > > previously published paper from his personal web page. See reprint > > > policy. > > > Paul J. Steinhardt, Ph.D., is a theoretical physicist in the > > > departments of Physics and Astrophysical Sciences at Princeton > > > University. His research spans problems in cosmology, astrophysics, > > > particle physics and condensed matter physics. He is a leading expert > > > on inflationary cosmology and other events in the very early universe. > > > His work led to the first inflationary models for the universe, to the > > > discovery that inflation can seed galaxy formation, and to new > > > observational tests. He also introduced the concept of quasicrystals > > > and pioneered the study of their structural and elastic properties. > > > Prior to his position at Princeton, Dr. Steinhardt served as the Mary > > > Amanda Word Professor of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania. He > > > is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the > > > American Physics Society, and a member of the American Astronomical > > > Society.http://www.physics.princeton.edu/www/jh/research/ > > > steinhardt_paul.html > > > -- > > gnothe se auton- Hide quoted text - > > > - Show quoted text -- Hide quoted text - > > - Show quoted text - --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Memphis Freethought Alliance" group. 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