We have successfully implemented a custom UserManager which acts as a wrapper around an entity bean that contains user information such as userid and password. The UserManager works great for authentication with our web application. However, when we try to authenticate a user via a stand alone application, a NamingException is thrown in the UserManager at the point we try to lookup the "wrapped" entity bean. The NamingException indicates "Not in an application scope - start Orion with the -userThreads switch if using user-created threads". I have tried the -userThreads flag without any success. The issue appears very similar to the post titled "Custom UserManager JNDI problem" by James Birchfield on 01/23/01, but I have not see any follow up. Has anyone had success in similar configurations? Any pointers would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time, Kent