The problem lies in getting a connection to the database. You can only get a connection to the database using JNDI in the constructor of the UserManager. Nowhere else. This is supposed to be fixed in 1.4.6, but I haven't had a chance to test it. The limitation to this is that the connection will eventually expire with no way to reclaim it. But it will at least let you test applications til the fix is in. James Birchfield Ironmax a better way to buy, sell and rent construction equipment 5 Corporate Center 9960 Corporate Campus Drive, Suite 2000 Louisville, KY 40223 [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent by: To: Orion-Interest <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> owner-orion-interest@orion cc: server.com Subject: NamingException using custom UserManager with stand alone applications 02/05/01 01:08 PM Please respond to Orion-Interest We have successfully implemented a custom UserManager which acts as a wrapper around an entity bean that contains user information such as userid and password. The UserManager works great for authentication with our web application. However, when we try to authenticate a user via a stand alone application, a NamingException is thrown in the UserManager at the point we try to lookup the "wrapped" entity bean. The NamingException indicates "Not in an application scope - start Orion with the -userThreads switch if using user-created threads". I have tried the -userThreads flag without any success. The issue appears very similar to the post titled "Custom UserManager JNDI problem" by James Birchfield on 01/23/01, but I have not see any follow up. Has anyone had success in similar configurations? Any pointers would be greatly appreciated. Thanks for your time, Kent