We hired expert accessibility consultants to review some documents and
answer some questions to help guide our efforts for rfc-editor.org, and
along the way we also asked them specifically about how to improve
representation of math in RFCs. You can refer to these documents for the
outcome of that:

1. https://www.ietf.org/media/documents/RFC_Documents_Spot_Checks.pdf
2.
https://www.ietf.org/media/documents/RFC_Data_Visualizations_Accessibility_Guidance.pdf

The first document's executive summary says that our current "Mathematical
formulas are completely inaccessible to blind screen reader users."

Some other takeaways from that first doc which are relevant:
- paraphrasing: people with visual disabilities are most likely to use the
HTML format for access (the other formats have major drawbacks, including
txt which lacks navigational structure)
- "math is not text and should not be treated as such. For example, some
alt text that sounds understandable in English speech will not be
translated into proper mathematical braille or other speech languages."

In both of these documents, the accessibility experts recommended using
MathML.

I'll quote the second doc starting on Page 15 because it's more extensive:

"Use MathML for mathematical content, which allows browsers to translate
the markup language into properly formatted equations. MathML ensures that
such content is consistently rendered across different browsers and
platforms, enhancing accessibility for users who rely on various devices
and software. For example:
- Screen magnification users can enlarge the equation while maintaining its
integrity and the clear visual distinction of each character.
- MathML content is communicated in an intelligent and meaningful manner
for screen reader users who can further explore the different parts of the
equation as desired. For a demo on reviewing a sample MathML equation using
the NVDAscreen reader, refer to the following YouTube video: NVDA and
Firefox ReadingMathML on Wikipedia.
- MathML is designed to work seamlessly with access technologies, such as
braille displays and speech recognition software, providing a more
inclusive experience for all users.
- Neurodivergent users or people with reading disabilities can customize
the formatting of text without altering the meaning of the equation."

On Thu, Jan 29, 2026 at 12:46 PM John R Levine <[email protected]> wrote:

> On Fri, 30 Jan 2026, Brian E Carpenter wrote:
>
> > On 30-Jan-26 08:00, Carsten Bormann wrote:
> >>> K = \sqrt[3]{\frac{W_{max} - cwnd_{epoch}}{C}}
>
> >> The “accessibility” use case can be easier to address if the source is
> >> available with the RFC.
> >
> > True, but does anybody here know what a screen reader would do with that
> example?
>
> My guess is that there are enough blind mathematicians that there are
> screen readers that can read MathML or LaTeX, but once again, we need to
> talk to people who know about this rather than guessing.
>
> R's,
> John
>
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