[silk] Graphenes

[Udhay Shankar N]

http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090325/full/458390a.html

Graphene gets ready for the big time
Physicists are talking about how to make practical use of a former
laboratory curiosity.

Geoff Brumfiel


Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania


Sheet happens: graphene could have potential uses in solar cells or
flexible displays.A. WEE, NATL UNIV. SINGAPORE/H. HUANGPhysicists are
in the grips of graphene madness. At last week's American Physical
Society meeting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, they packed conference
rooms to hear about the atom-thick sheets of honeycombed carbon. Talks
on graphene transistors, chemical sensors, electrodes, scales and
frequency generators could all be heard, with participants from
industry, notably IBM, in many of the sessions.

The ultra-thin carbon sheets have turned the normally staid community
into "a herd of rhinos", says Andre Geim, a physicist at the
University of Manchester, UK. And, he adds, "this year, I feel more
like applications are what's driving the field."

Not everyone is sanguine about graphene's chances for going
commercial. Graphene has several problems, notably a lack of an
obvious 'band gap', a break in electron energy levels that would allow
it to be easily used as a transistor, says Kenneth Shepard, an
electrical engineer at Columbia University in New York. "There are a
lot of problems with this stuff," he warns, fearing that starry-eyed
researchers may overhype this latest material.

“There have been great advances in making large-scale graphene.”
But others argue that graphene is much more promising than its
predecessor, carbon nanotubes. Nanotubes, essentially rolls of
graphene, have been difficult to control and integrate into existing
electronics, says Tomás Palacios, an electrical engineer at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge. Graphene's
uniformity and flatness make it easier to combine with current silicon
technology, and many researchers who once worked on nanotubes are now
focusing instead on graphene. The shift was evident at this year's
meeting: there were 16 sessions on nanotubes, whereas graphene had 28.

Work on graphene — discovered by Geim and his colleagues almost 5
years ago (K. S. Novoselov et al. Science 306, 666–669; 2004) — heated
up quickly as researchers realized that the material's
two-dimensionality caused it to show unusual quantum behaviours (see
Nature 438, 201–204; 2005). But graphene also has properties that make
it alluring for certain applications. Electrical charge can fly
through the sheets at high velocities, up to four times those in
silicon. Large thin layers of graphene would be both flexible and
transparent. Graphene ribbons might act as transistors, even though
bulk graphene does not. And because graphene is so thin, even the
slightest brush from neighbouring atoms can alter its mechanical and
electrical properties. "It has been a fascinating material," says
Marcus Freitag of IBM's T. J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown
Heights, New York.

Silicon transplant?
To turn graphene applications into reality, the material must first be
synthesized in large quantities. Until now, it has often been grown on
substrates of silicon carbide, a costly material that is available in
only limited quantities from suppliers. But at last week's meeting,
several new techniques were on display, including a way to grow
graphene through chemical vapour deposition, a process widely used in
the electronics industry. In one session, Byung Hee Hong of
Sungkyunkwan University in South Korea reported using the technique to
grow films up to 10 centimetres in diameter — a figure he soon hopes
to double. "There have been great advances in making large-scale
graphene," Freitag says.

While some researchers work on making more graphene, others hunt for
ways to use it. The most immediate application would be as a simple
electrode. Although transparent electrodes using materials such as
indium tin oxide are already commercially available, graphene's
flexibility would give it an edge in solar cells and displays, says
Philip Kim, a physicist at Columbia University.

Graphene also shows promise for broadband communications, in part
because electrical charge can move so quickly through it. Graphene
transmitters and receivers should be able to operate at frequencies on
a scale of hundreds of gigahertz (109 Hz) or even terahertz (1012Hz),
far better than silicon, which operates at several gigahertz, says
Palacios. Higher frequencies allow for more bandwidth, and that means
graphene could pave the way for broadband satellite communication. In
early experiments on display at the conference, Han Wang, one of
Palacios's graduate students, presented data up to one megahertz (106
Hz), but Palacios is bullish: "We should be able to have competitive
devices just a few months from now," he says.

 Whether graphene can replace silicon as the basic unit of the
electronics industry is another question; its lack of a band gap is a
formidable problem. The most ob

Re: [silk] the business of charity!?!

[Suresh Ramasubramanian]

. [26/03/09 08:38 +0530]:

aurobindo ashram etc (several of which have 100% tax exemption for
social work
projects they carry out, and which also have large, even grandiose building
programs like that huge golden golfball at auroville, for example)


... isnt that the 5-star path to moksha (nirvana if you must).


Auroville is about the only place you can get authentic croissants rather
than the poor (soggy / overly chewy etc) imitations you get in most five
star hotels, bakeries etc in India. So I am glad to let my wife believe all
that while I check out croissants and apricot preserve.

Re: [silk] the business of charity!?!

[.]

On Tue, Mar 24, 2009 at 10:30 AM, Suresh Ramasubramanian
 wrote:
>
> if he wanted to compare donation figures he could compare those to the
> figures going into shirdi, puttaparthi, siddhivinayak temple,

There was a media report on this some years ago but I dont remember
the details. Apparently,  Indian laws mandate all hindu temples (of
certain size/earnings?) automatically fall under the purview of the
Indian government. That means temples which want a tax-exempt status
have to maintain a board which *has* to have government
representative/s who make decisions on the temples behalf. All the
funds collected (like hundi donations) and earned via sales get
tax-exemption status, are public property (read, under government
rules) and subject to govt directives. While the temple is a rich
entity under the government control with 80G tax-exempt status, the
temple priest gets a daily salary of Rupees 100 (this data is a few
years old and needs to be verified).

Under the RTI act, it *may* be possible to get information on how a
(for example, mumbai's siddhivinayak) temple's funds educational
institutions in Maharashtra's districts/villages. It would also be
enlightening to check the antecedents and political affiliations of
the management receiving the funds.  You (read public) cannot ask a
CSI, wakf board or a NGO/sec25 company, trust or society board for
their annual financial data since all other religions are considered
minorities, not covered by this legislation under Indian laws. Private
entities are exempt from public purview/censure. The legal eagles on
this list would know legalese better.

Another example: A temple land can easily be encroached upon, not so
with land belonging to other religious trust/boards who can go to
court (a temple trust can too but its easier to stall that and the
reader can use their imagination on "how").

The author could have researched a little bit more before penning his article.


> aurobindo ashram etc (several of which have 100% tax exemption for social work
> projects they carry out, and which also have large, even grandiose building
> programs like that huge golden golfball at auroville, for example)

... isnt that the 5-star path to moksha (nirvana if you must).

.

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Ashwin Nanjappa]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 23:40, Deepa Mohan  wrote:
>
> Ah. I got this kind of card in 1992. NOW...that card no. is not listed
> anywhere, so I could not get it deleted; and I was told that unless I had
> that deleted, I could not register in my new constituency. After several
> futile attempts, I just quiety registered for a new card.

That can't be the same ID card. For one, webcams/digicams were either
not prevalent or non-existent in 1992 in India. Just kidding! But, I
think this current Voter ID card drive and database was started only
around early 200x.

~ash

Re: [silk] TED India Registrations now open

[Kiran K Karthikeyan]

An alternate choice of venue is Moss, the cocktail lounge run by fellow
silkster Madhu. I loved Shiok, but never frequented it due to the distance
from where I stayed earlier in Bangalore.

I'm guessing Fri or Sat dinner? I'm off Friday.

Kiran

2009/3/25 Venkat Mangudi's Silk Account 

> Me too.
>
>
> On 3/24/09, Ravi Bellur  wrote:
> > I'm game!
> >
> >
> >
> >>
> >> Why don't we have a silk meetup there since there have been some
> newcomers
> >> to the list (myself included)?
> >>
> >> Need the latest food guide for Bangalore.
> >>
> >> Kiran
> >>
> >
>
> --
> Sent from my mobile device
>
>

Re: [silk] TED India Registrations now open

[Venkat Mangudi's Silk Account]

Me too.



On 3/24/09, Ravi Bellur  wrote:
> I'm game!
>
>
>
>>
>> Why don't we have a silk meetup there since there have been some newcomers
>> to the list (myself included)?
>>
>> Need the latest food guide for Bangalore.
>>
>> Kiran
>>
>

-- 
Sent from my mobile device

Re: [silk] TED India Registrations now open

[Venkat Mangudi's Silk Account]

Me too.



On 3/24/09, Ravi Bellur  wrote:
> I'm game!
>
>
>
>>
>> Why don't we have a silk meetup there since there have been some newcomers
>> to the list (myself included)?
>>
>> Need the latest food guide for Bangalore.
>>
>> Kiran
>>
>

-- 
Sent from my mobile device

[silk] References for top posters

[Divya Manian]

Found this in another mailing list, thought it might be helpful to the top
posters here :)

- How to Write Effective Mailing List Email
http://www.digital-web.com/articles/how_to_write_effective_mailing_list_emai
l/

- A Beginner's Guide to Effective Email
http://www.webfoot.com/advice/email.top.php

- Quoting style in newsgroup postings
http://www.anta.net/misc/nnq/nquote.shtml

- Problem Solving: Sending Messages in Plain Text
http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/listadmins/plaintext.html

- Godwin's law
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin%27s_law

Re: [silk] Is there something I should know?

[Deepa Mohan]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 2:46 PM, Ashwin Nanjappa  wrote:

> On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 12:33, Deepa Mohan  wrote:
> > For more than a week now, Yahoo has stopped sending me reminders from my
> > calendar; I have sent three emails to the helpdesk, and for one I got
> their
> > standard automated response...but nothing has happened...
> [...]
> > Is there something I am missing.(about Yahoo closing down services
> other
> > than Briefcase)? Should I start putting in entries on Google now?
> What a
> > pain, I have several years' worth of reminders stored up on Yahoo, from
> long
> > before Googol was a number that was asked on a quiz
>
> I don't know what's happening with YCal. You should be able to
> transition from YCal to GCal easily, if that's what you want.
> Here's how:
> <
> http://www.tech-recipes.com/rx/2685/google_calendar_import_event_information_yahoo_calendar/
> >
>
> ~ash
>
>
Thanks Ash...I did that, and I got 18 events imorted, after which the "daily
quota was exceeded". Do you mean to say I have to import the events 18 at a
time? That might be almost as painful as doing it individuallyany
suggestions?

Deepa.

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Deepa Mohan]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 8:01 PM, Ashwin Nanjappa  wrote:

> On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 18:55, Srini RamaKrishnan 
> wrote:
> >
> > Heh, this sounds so simple. It took me 12 years to get my voter ID
> > card. Finally arrived this year with a photo from the early 90s.
>
> I got my Voter ID card around 2004 when they were issuing it areawise
> in Bengaluru. I was given a date and location (a government school) to
> get the card. They took a grainy mugshot using a webcam/low-res
> digicam (don't remember which), filled out the details, asked me if
> it's correct, printed out the card, laminated it and gave it to me
> right there. I have no idea if the card format has changed since then
> though.
>
> ~ash
>

Ah. I got this kind of card in 1992. NOW...that card no. is not listed
anywhere, so I could not get it deleted; and I was told that unless I had
that deleted, I could not register in my new constituency. After several
futile attempts, I just quiety registered for a new card. The
guy-at-the-door, who vetted our documents when we reached the head of the
queue (after 2 hours), asked my husband and me if we had never ever voted.
Who wanted to state the truth, that we have voted in Chennai, but have been
abroad during the election dates for several years? "No", we said concisely.
He then asked us to provide proof that we had never votedwe had to
browbeat him quite a bit to get him to let us through and submit our forms.

The irony...we will be abroad at voting time AGAIN, this year. Why are we
then going through this? I don't know

Cheers, Deepa.

Re: [silk] Introduction - New Member

[Ravi Bellur]

If there's one thing I've learned from Keanu Reeves, it's that there is no
spoon... :-)

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 8:56 AM, lukhman_khan wrote:

> > Thanks Kiran. Udai is helping me as well --  but the more
> > help the better,especially at this beginning phase which
> > is about taking in the larger scene and seeing
> > what's out there.
>
> Shouldnt it be *less help the better*
>
> Too much of spoon feeding takes the fun out of the exploration.
>
> Lukhman
>
>
>

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[sur...@hserus.net]

Same experience here

-- 
srs / nokia e71

-original message-
Subject: Re: [silk] Postal voting in India
From: "Ashwin Nanjappa" 
Date: 25-03-2009 20:01

I got my Voter ID card around 2004 when they were issuing it areawise
in Bengaluru. I was given a date and location (a government school) to
get the card. They took a grainy mugshot using a webcam/low-res
digicam (don't remember which), filled out the details, asked me if
it's correct, printed out the card, laminated it and gave it to me
right there. I have no idea if the card format has changed since then
though.

~ash

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Ashwin Nanjappa]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 18:55, Srini RamaKrishnan  wrote:
>
> Heh, this sounds so simple. It took me 12 years to get my voter ID
> card. Finally arrived this year with a photo from the early 90s.

I got my Voter ID card around 2004 when they were issuing it areawise
in Bengaluru. I was given a date and location (a government school) to
get the card. They took a grainy mugshot using a webcam/low-res
digicam (don't remember which), filled out the details, asked me if
it's correct, printed out the card, laminated it and gave it to me
right there. I have no idea if the card format has changed since then
though.

~ash

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[gabin kattukaran]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 4:25 PM, Srini RamaKrishnan  wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 9:23 AM, Ashwin Nanjappa  wrote:
> [...]
>> Thanks, so he will reregister at Mumbai to vote.
>
> Heh, this sounds so simple. It took me 12 years to get my voter ID
> card. Finally arrived this year with a photo from the early 90s.

I'm on my fourth attempt to get mine. One of the previous attempts
yielded an ID card that had everything except the photo and my sex
incorrect. I think they managed that by translating the original form
data from English to Marathi then then back to English.

-gabin


-- 

George Burns  - "Don't stay in bed, unless you can make money in bed."

[silk] Saying "no" to moral policing in Bangalore

[Ravi Bellur]

I was heartened to read this piece:
http://in.news.yahoo.com/43/20090325/818/tnl-no-votes-for-moral-cops-say-bangalor.html

Even though I do find sleeveless t-shirts a bit lowbrow, with the usual
intent of showing off the "guns" to the relatively unmuscled public. Unless
it was a Def Leppard t-shirt, in which case, I believe sleeveless is the
desired configuration.

This may then help explain the abjectly low number of women walking around
on Brigade Rd and the surroundings on a Saturday afternoon. I'm not fooled
-- with 1.3 billion people, and women the gating factor for birthrate, they
have to be somewhere -- even if sequestered underground in some Chitty
Chitty Bang Bang fashion.

Not that I have any salacious intent that's being foiled -- I condemn
accosting anyone, women or men (for example, I don't want to take
a damned 20 rupee one hour ride around the city where the driver drops me at
some shopping place that he [I've never seen female autorickshaw driver --
are there any?] get kickbacks from so they can hard/guilt sell me some crap
so please stop following me for 2 blocks relentlessly, necessitating I be
rude with you to get the message across. Nor do I ever want to engage a
woman in such a fashion that she has to be rude to me to get the message
across. That's just troglodytic.) -- it was just starkly noticeable and
strange to me. For so many vegetarians who thought it'd be such a
sausage-fest.

Then again, when I heard about the rave and the of the 100 people arrested,
how it was such a disgrace that 22 were women, I completely agreed. You've
got to have a 50/50 ratio at least. I'm sure that was the reason for the
outrage. (But to be fair, they bust raves in the US all the time -- for
illegal drugs and unlicensed liquor serving and such -- fair enough, they
are breaking the law -- but "obscene dancing?" That said, there are
conservative nut-groups in the US who want to ban school dances and such, as
being immoral, so one can hardly argue the US is wholly progressive... But
if one hosted a party for young people in much of the so-called "Western
World" with 78 guys and 22 women, the host ought be prepared to be harangued
for months about it... unless it was like organized by the single women or a
gay party or something, in which case I think one would be rightfully
lauded.)

I don't think there's any ethical way to stop women from self-actualizing,
even if it bothers one for whatever reason. Better we accept this. (I'm no
lothario but I've learned to subjugate my anger at this ineptness the
respectable way -- with bitterness and alcohol  :-).  Given the number of
6-foot tall Valkyries in Scandinavia, they had to succumb early, lest the
men be soundly beaten, physically.

However, there is the "bored young men with too much testosterone and
retarded inter-gender social skills cause trouble" theory. Even without some
demagogue to hand down rationalizations, you've got well-armed gangs in the
US, frat boys, etc. I can only hope that one day there will be compassion
and perhaps treatment for that tragically afflicted legion with age-related
testosterone poisoning. I recall it wasn't an easy time.

Re: [silk] Daring trains..

[Srini RamaKrishnan]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 6:47 AM, Gautam John  wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 11:15 AM, Suresh Ramasubramanian
>  wrote:
>
>> Gautam asked what'd happen if this were to take place in India.
>
> That apart, any train buffs on the list? Do Indian locos and
> compartments have sufficient clearance to attempt this?

You have to really trust the maintenance track record of the Indian
railways and hope there isn't something heavy hanging loose.

Cheeni

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Srini RamaKrishnan]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 9:23 AM, Ashwin Nanjappa  wrote:
[...]
> Thanks, so he will reregister at Mumbai to vote.

Heh, this sounds so simple. It took me 12 years to get my voter ID
card. Finally arrived this year with a photo from the early 90s.

Cheeni

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Ashwin Nanjappa]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 17:28, Venkat Mangudi  wrote:
> This gives an opportunity for him to vote in Bangalore and Mumbai
> everytime. :-) IOW, someone will vote for him if he is not around. Does
> he want this to happen?

Not if he can prevent it. But, if the erase-and-create option is
harder than the new creation option, he might just go for the latter.

~ash

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Venkat Mangudi]

Ashwin Nanjappa wrote:
> What if the person doesn't inform the Mumbai registration office about
> his entry in the Bengaluru records? I remember seeing lots of folks
>   
This gives an opportunity for him to vote in Bangalore and Mumbai
everytime. :-) IOW, someone will vote for him if he is not around. Does
he want this to happen?

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Alok G. Singh]

Amitha Singh wrote:

>> Register again at Mumbai or vote through post? Is the latter option
>> even available for non-armed-services folks in India?

AFAIK (I did try this when I was in college), postal ballots are only
allowed for the armed forces or people of 'official duty'. Say an
official is sent elsewhere for election duty.

-- 
Alok

Let us not look back in anger or forward in fear, but around us in awareness.
-- James Thurber

Re: [silk] Is there something I should know?

[Ashwin Nanjappa]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 12:33, Deepa Mohan  wrote:
> For more than a week now, Yahoo has stopped sending me reminders from my
> calendar; I have sent three emails to the helpdesk, and for one I got their
> standard automated response...but nothing has happened...
[...]
> Is there something I am missing.(about Yahoo closing down services other
> than Briefcase)? Should I start putting in entries on Google now? What a
> pain, I have several years' worth of reminders stored up on Yahoo, from long
> before Googol was a number that was asked on a quiz

I don't know what's happening with YCal. You should be able to
transition from YCal to GCal easily, if that's what you want.
Here's how:


~ash

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Ashwin Nanjappa]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 16:57, Deepa Mohan  wrote:
>
> this is NOT as simple as it sounds. His voter id will be deleted in
> Bangalore, and then he will have to delete his id in Mumbai again next time
> and re-register in Bangalore so let him decide if he wants to do this!

What if the person doesn't inform the Mumbai registration office about
his entry in the Bengaluru records? I remember seeing lots of folks
having multiple voter records, representing the trail of localities in
Bengaluru that they moved around over the years :-)

~ash

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Deepa Mohan]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 1:53 PM, Ashwin Nanjappa  wrote:

> On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 15:38, Amitha Singh  wrote:
> > jaagore.com is the best resource available online as on date.  afaik,
> postal
> > voting is not available in india. he has one of 2 options, come in to blr
> to
> > vote for that one day or register again in mumbai.  if he is sure that he
> > may not be in mumbai when the next general elections will be held, coming
> in
> > to blr for tht one day seems like a better option. hope this helps!
>
> Thanks, so he will reregister at Mumbai to vote.
>
> ~ash


this is NOT as simple as it sounds. His voter id will be deleted in
Bangalore, and then he will have to delete his id in Mumbai again next time
and re-register in Bangalore so let him decide if he wants to do this!
:)

_Deepa.

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Ashwin Nanjappa]

On Wed, Mar 25, 2009 at 15:38, Amitha Singh  wrote:
> jaagore.com is the best resource available online as on date.  afaik, postal
> voting is not available in india. he has one of 2 options, come in to blr to
> vote for that one day or register again in mumbai.  if he is sure that he
> may not be in mumbai when the next general elections will be held, coming in
> to blr for tht one day seems like a better option. hope this helps!

Thanks, so he will reregister at Mumbai to vote.

~ash

Re: [silk] Postal voting in India

[Amitha Singh]

On 3/25/09, Ashwin Nanjappa  wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> A friend who has relocated from Bengaluru to Mumbai for a few years
> asked about this. He had his name on the voter list in Bengaluru, but
> won't be in that place on this election day.
> What's the best option for him? Register again at Mumbai or vote
> through post? Is the latter option even available for
> non-armed-services folks in India? If yes, where can I find the
> details on this?


jaagore.com is the best resource available online as on date.  afaik, postal
voting is not available in india. he has one of 2 options, come in to blr to
vote for that one day or register again in mumbai.  if he is sure that he
may not be in mumbai when the next general elections will be held, coming in
to blr for tht one day seems like a better option. hope this helps!

amitha

TIA,
> ~ash
>
>

[silk] Postal voting in India

[Ashwin Nanjappa]

Hi,

A friend who has relocated from Bengaluru to Mumbai for a few years
asked about this. He had his name on the voter list in Bengaluru, but
won't be in that place on this election day.
What's the best option for him? Register again at Mumbai or vote
through post? Is the latter option even available for
non-armed-services folks in India? If yes, where can I find the
details on this?

TIA,
~ash

Re: [silk] Daring trains..

[Suresh Ramasubramanian]

Arthur Hailey did, if you read Airport. Search the text for what he calls a 
'honey wagon'

ps: Just got myself a VCD of airport starring burt Lancaster as mel 
Bakersfield, dean martin as vern demerest, jacqueline bisset (lovely!) as gwen 
meighen etc.

> When will we find enough money to design proper closed (septic) toilets
> on
> the Railways? Come to it, what is the system on aircraft? Not even the
> all-detail Arthur Hailey has talked about this
> 
> 
> Cheers, Deepa.

Re: [silk] Daring trains..

[Bonobashi]

--- On Wed, 25/3/09, Venkat Mangudi  wrote:

> From: Venkat Mangudi 
> Subject: Re: [silk] Daring trains..
> To: silklist@lists.hserus.net
> Date: Wednesday, 25 March, 2009, 12:12 PM
> Deepa Mohan wrote:
> > the Railways? Come to it, what is the system on
> aircraft? Not even the
> > all-detail Arthur Hailey has talked about this
> >   
> This used to be one of those questions that popped up after
> a nice round
> of drinks with friends. Of course, every one got creative
> at that time.
> I think some people warily looked up whenever a flight was
> overhead too. :-)
> 
> Seriously, it's all collected during the flight and dumped,
> if I may use
> the expression, at the airport. If you carefully notice,
> two tubes get
> attached to the plane at the airport. One of them is for
> fuel.
> 
> V

The well-read reader, dear reader, would recall the incident of a large, very 
large lump of ice with other embedded sediment dropping out of the skies onto a 
house and demolishing most of the house - fortunately with little or no damage 
to the humans resident. On examination, it turned out to be the detritus of the 
plumbing system of a plane, presumably from a passing plane that felt the 
urgent need for a dump, to use the felicitous expression used above by V-i.



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