Re: shell script run in backend

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 14/5/23 14:21, Tom Reed wrote:

Currently the script is running in front-end in shell.
How can I run it with the backend way? can I register it as a system service?


sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/myscript.service

[Unit]
Description=My Script

[Service]
ExecStart=/path/to/your/script.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable myscript.service

sudo systemctl start myscript.service

sudo systemctl status myscript.service

--
Jeremy
(Lists)

shell script run in backend

[Tom Reed]

Hello list

I have a long run shell script with similar content,

#!/bin/bash

while [ 1 ];do
  func1()
  func2()
  sleep 5
done


Currently the script is running in front-end in shell.
How can I run it with the backend way? can I register it as a system service?

Thanks

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2023-05-13 18:41:12 +0800, hl wrote:
> On 5/13/23 18:01, Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> > On 2023-05-13 17:19:01 +0800, hl wrote:
> > > but ifconfig isn't available in buster
> > I've used it for many years, and it is still there, currently in
> > the net-tools package (try "apt-file search bin/ifconfig").
> > 
> Thank Vincent! i install net-tools, but it doesn't work as i have hoped
> 
> root@debian:~# /sbin/ifconfig  wlx12345 list regdomain
> list: Unknown host
> ifconfig: `--help' gives usage information.
> root@debian:~#

Indeed, "ifconfig --help" doesn't mention a "list" feature.
ifconfig accepts some other keywords, otherwise an address
(possibly specified as a hostname), hence the "Unknown host"
error.

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: How to download source package using only console?

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2023-05-14 00:15:39 +0500, Alexander V. Makartsev wrote:
> Hello, fellow Debian users.
> 
> When I need to build a backport of a package, I sometimes find it difficult
> to obtain actual source package(-s) from Debian repos using console.
> Following advice from a wiki page [1], after "apt update", doesn't do it:
> 
>$ apt source lego/testing
>Reading package lists... Done
>Picking 'golang-github-xenolf-lego' as source package instead of 'lego'
>E: Can not find version '3.2.0-3.1' of package 'lego'
>E: Unable to find a source package for golang-github-xenolf-lego

zira:~> apt-show-versions -a lego
lego:amd64 3.2.0-3.1+b5 stable   ftp.debian.org
No stable-updates version
lego:amd64 4.9.1-1  testing  ftp.debian.org
lego:amd64 4.9.1-1  unstable ftp.debian.org
No experimental version
lego:amd64 not installed

Indeed, 3.2.0-3.1 is no longer the testing version. Your database
seems to be out-of-date.

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2023-05-13 10:43:54 -0400, gene heskett wrote:
> On 5/13/23 06:02, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> > 
> > On 13/5/23 17:57, Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> > > Moreover, it should not be necessary to be root: you are just
> > > reading non-private data. However, "list countries" does not
> > > seem to exist.
> > 
> > Debian 11 seems to have a different opinion on who can run ifconfig.
> > Sudo or root is required.
> > 
> > jeremy@client:~$ ifconfig enp8s0
> > bash: ifconfig: command not found
> > jeremy@client:~$ sudo ifconfig enp8s0
> > enp8s0: flags=4098  mtu 1500
> >      ether 0c:9d:92:75:b4:f7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
> >      RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
> >      RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
> >      TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
> >      TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
> That is not a radio interface, so for the OP use is just noise.

The fact that ifconfig can be found in the run path or not is not
related to whether it is used with a radio interface.

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2023-05-13 10:47:33 -0400, gene heskett wrote:
> On 5/13/23 06:04, Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> > On 2023-05-13 17:56:48 +0800, jeremy ardley wrote:
> > > 
> > > On 13/5/23 17:51, Nicolas George wrote:
> > > > Also, ifconfig has nothing to do with wireless, so it was a red herring
> > > > from the start.
> > > 
> > > wlan0 is an interface like any other and ifconfig works with it
> > 
> > For me, since the wireless interface is wlp61s0:
> > 
> > zira:~> ifconfig wlp61s0 list countries
> > list: Unknown host
> > ifconfig: `--help' gives usage information.
> > 
> > What you gave is unknown to ifconfig.
> > 
> So also is wlan0 or any other name that may have been assigned to the radio.
> Radio's are unk to ifconfig today. So it is worthless to the OP.

This isn't related to the radio. This is a syntax issue. See the
"ifconfig --help" output: there is no such thing as "list", whatever
the interface. Hence the "list: Unknown host", because ifconfig
thinks that "list" is a hostname.

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 11:00:23PM -0500, David Wright wrote:

[...]

>   5.1.3. Noteworthy obsolete packages
> 
>   The following is a list of known and noteworthy obsolete packages
>   (see Section 4.8, “Obsolete packages” for a description).

[...]

Now this one has more substance. It seems to me, though, that
upstream found maintainers and someone in Debian cares enough
to keep the package alive -- so it went from deprecated to
just non-default.

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 03:39:50PM -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 08:29:11PM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> > On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 01:01:27PM -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
> > > Ifconfig has been deprecated in Debian for some years.
> > 
> > It is *not* deprecated. It is just optional, not essential.
> 
> I don't know what Debian's official stance is, but if you do web searches
> for "Linux ifconfig deprecated", you find MANY results.

[...]

> Those are the most official-sounding references I can find in a few
> minutes.

So Redhat. But hey, look at packages.debian.org (I know, looking at
a Debian resource is totally... counterintuitive). Net-tools seems
active as of currently, has an upstream, there are bug reports worked
on, and testing has a major version upgrade wrt. stable.

Just because some is "on the internet" it isn't necessarily true
(I'd propose "argumentum ad internetum" for that ;-)

So no, it doesn't look dead to me. Whatever Redhat and Arch think
they think.

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[David Wright]

On Sat 13 May 2023 at 18:18:57 (-0400), gene heskett wrote:
> On 5/13/23 15:40, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 08:29:11PM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> > > On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 01:01:27PM -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
> > > > Ifconfig has been deprecated in Debian for some years.
> > > 
> > > It is *not* deprecated. It is just optional, not essential.
> > 
> > I don't know what Debian's official stance is, but if you do web searches
> > for "Linux ifconfig deprecated", you find MANY results.
> > 
> > :
> >  The ip command is the future of network config commands. ifconfig
> >  has been officially deprecated for the ip suite, so while many of
> >  us are still using the old ways, it is time to put those habits to
> >  rest and move on with the world.
> 
> While you are correct, Greg, the lack of documentation to help with
> that transition is staggering. They just thru it on the table and
> didn't even say use this instead.

From the way you have quoted, I don't know whether you're complaining
specifically about redhat, but as far as Debian is concerned, it was
well documented in the Release Notes for stretch:

  5.1.3. Noteworthy obsolete packages

  The following is a list of known and noteworthy obsolete packages
  (see Section 4.8, “Obsolete packages” for a description).

  The list of obsolete packages includes:

  [ … ]

* The net-tools package is being deprecated in favor of
  iproute2. See Section 5.3.9, “net-tools will be deprecated in
  favor of iproute2” or the Debian reference manual (https://
  www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05#
  _the_low_level_network_configuration) for more information.

  [ … ]

  5.3.9. net-tools will be deprecated in favor of iproute2

  The net-tools package is no longer part of new installations by
  default, since its priority has been lowered from important to
  optional. Users are instead advised to use the modern iproute2
  toolset (which has been part of new installs for several releases
  already). If you still prefer to continue using the net-tools
  programs you can simply install it via

  apt install net-tools

  Warning

  Please keep in mind that net-tools may be uninstalled during the
  upgrade if it was only installed to satisfy a dependency. If you
  rely on net-tools, please remember to mark it as a manual
  installed package before the upgrade via:

  apt-mark manual net-tools

  Here is a summary of the net-tools commands, together with their
  iproute2 equivalent:

  +---+
  |legacy||
  |  net-tools   | iproute2 replacement commands  |
  |   commands   ||
  |--+|
  |arp   |ip n (ip neighbor)  |
  |--+|
  |ifconfig  |ip a (ip addr), ip link, ip -s (ip -stats)  |
  |--+|
  |iptunnel  |ip tunnel   |
  |--+|
  |nameif|ip link |
  |--+|
  |netstat   |ss, ip route (for netstat -r), ip -s link (for  |
  |  |netstat -i), ip maddr (for netstat -g)  |
  |--+|
  |route |ip r (ip route) |
  +---+

I posted this for you a few years ago:

  https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2019/05/msg00868.html

But all this is moot, like most of this thread, because one or two
posts already mentioned iw and regdbdump as the tools of choice.

Cheers,
David.

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[David Wright]

On Sun 14 May 2023 at 06:37:52 (+0800), hl wrote:
> i try old  FreeBSD-12.4, accept default FCC/US though i am not in US,
> wifi scan succeeds

I don't know how freebsd handles this. In linux, setting the wrong
country can only reduce the performance you get, because it's likely
that the equipment you're using is already constrained by its
burned-in regulatory domain, and any limits (to TX power, channels,
etc) are combined. So you might as well get it right.

If the page you cited in your OP is up-to-date, then also bear in mind
that freebsd claims to use different country codes from the usual ISO
ones that linux uses (/usr/share/misc/countries.gz). One of them is
Australia, as it happens, a country partly running 8 hours ahead, like
wherever you are.

Cheers,
David.

¡Consigue la figura que deseas de forma saludable y definitiva!

[tus-dietas.com]

[logo] [1]

Por Tiempo Limitado

‌

DEDICA UN MINUTO DE TU TIEMPO... DE VERDAD PODEMOS AYUDARTE.

¿Estás buscando una forma saludable para adelgazar? ¡Ya has encontrado el libro 
perfecto! El libro 10 CLAVES PARA ADELGAZAR CON éXITO (también disponible en 
amazon) te ofrece todas las
herramientas para llevar un estilo de vida saludable y una alimentación 
equilibrada.

El libro ha ayudado a miles de personas a adelgazar y lograr una figura que 
desean. ¡Y lo mejor es que no requiere que siga una dieta estricta o que se 
someta a una rutina de ejercicios extenuante!

Con él aprenderás cómo comer de forma saludable y cómo llevar un estilo de vida 
más saludable sin sacrificar lo que te gusta. También descubrirás la mejor 
forma de hacer ejercicio para
tonificar tu cuerpo y mantenerlo en forma.

Además, el libro te ayudará a desarrollar una actitud positiva hacia la vida y 
a aprender a amarte a ti mismo. Esto te ayudará a mantener tu motivación para 
seguir adelante y ver los resultados
que deseas.

¡Deja de sentirte frustrado por tu figura y empieza a adelgazar de forma 
saludable! Estamos seguros de que conseguirás los resultados que desees.

¡Comienza YA MISMO a adelgazar de forma saludable!
 ‌

10 CLAVES PARA ADELGAZAR CON ÉXITO - ¿ES POSIBLE ADELGAZAR SIGUIENDO LOS 
CONSEJOS DE UN LIBRO? [2]

[10-claves-adelgazar] [3]

AHORA SOLO 9,99€

Su precio en amazon es 14,30€.
>> VER EN AMAZON  [4]

10 CLAVES PARA ADELGAZAR CON éXITO, es un LIBRO MOTIVADOR PARA BAJAR DE PESO y 
nos muestra cómo lograr este auto-control y revela  aspectos, descubrimientos y 
avances, en el ESTUDIO DE LA
NUTRICIóN HUMANA.

ESTE LIBRO PARA ADELGAZAR SERá úTIL PARA:

1- Quienes han engordado por tanto tiempo que ahora es imposible PERDER PESO

2- Notaron aumentó de peso después de dejar de fumar

3- Quienes han visto que sus líneas se vuelven más pesadas después del 
embarazos o en el momento de la menopausia / andropausia

4- Quienes trabajan cuando los demás duermen y de repente ya no saben cuándo 
comer

5- Quienes comen demasiado a menudo o demasiado rápido

6- Pero sobre todo, para quienes quieren terminar la guerra contra la comida y 
el exceso de peso

Quiero Saber Más [5]

[124691726_23846096662610405_976805890057029899_n-1] [6]

You have received this email because you have subscribed to VIVIR.COM.ES as 
debian-user@lists.debian.org. If you no longer wish to receive emails please 
Darse de baja [7] 
 Version web [8] - Darse de baja [9] - actualizar perfil [10] 
© 2023 VIVIR.COM.ES, All rights reserved

[11] [12]

Links:
--
[1] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQ
[2] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQvcHJvZHVjdG8vMTAtY2xhdmVzLXBhcmEtYWRlbGdhemFyLWNvbi1leGl0by8
[3] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQvcHJvZHVjdG8vMTAtY2xhdmVzLXBhcmEtYWRlbGdhemFyLWNvbi1leGl0by8/1
[4] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYW1hem9uLmVzL2RwL0IwOERTU1pER0g_dGFnPWNob2xsb3NjaGljY29tLTIxJmFtcDtsaW5rQ29kZT1vc2kmYW1wO3RoPTEmYW1wO3BzYz0x
[5] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQvcHJvZHVjdG8vMTAtY2xhdmVzLXBhcmEtYWRlbGdhemFyLWNvbi1leGl0by8/2
[6] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQvcHJvZHVjdG8vMTAtY2xhdmVzLXBhcmEtYWRlbGdhemFyLWNvbi1leGl0by8/3
[7] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQvbndlc2xldHRlci1zaWdudXAvdW5zdWJzY3JpYmU
[8] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQvbmV3c2xldHRlci9jYWRhLTEyLXNlbWFuYXMtMi8
[9] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQvbndlc2xldHRlci1zaWdudXAvdW5zdWJzY3JpYmU/1
[10] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudHVzLWRpZXRhcy5uZXQvbndlc2xldHRlci1zaWdudXAvcHJvZmlsZQ
[11] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly90d2l0dGVyLmNvbQ
[12] 
https://www.tus-dietas.net/mailster/3752/62489d7beebe68af413318f19c79e07e/aHR0cHM6Ly9mYWNlYm9vay5jb20

Re: iptables reject with TCP RST

[Tom Reed]

> On Sun, May 14, 2023 at 08:36:38AM +0800, Tom Reed wrote:
>> tcp0  0 0.0.0.0:587 0.0.0.0:*
>> LISTEN
>>  32157/master
>>
>>
>> And the telnet results:
>>
>> $ telnet 193.106.250.xx 587
>> Trying 193.106.250.xx...
>> telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out
>
> So, it looks like it's not a LAN address.  It's a mail server on the
> public Internet?  As in, your telnet client and your server are NOT
> talking directly to each other over a straight ethernet connection?
> There's routers and stuff in between them?

Yes. my mailserver is in NYC DC, and the client host is in Dallas DC.


>
> You'd need to investigate the possibility of a firewall-equivalent at
> each hop along the way.
>

I may need tcpdump for watching the rst packages.

Thank you
Tom

Re: iptables reject with TCP RST

[zithro]

On 14 May 2023 02:36, Tom Reed wrote:

$ telnet 193.106.250.xx 587
Trying 193.106.250.xx...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out


Run wireshark/dumpcap or tcpdump on the client to check if you get the 
TCP reset packet.

You can also run it server-side, to see if the server ever sends it.

Re: iptables reject with TCP RST

[Greg Wooledge]

On Sun, May 14, 2023 at 08:36:38AM +0800, Tom Reed wrote:
> tcp0  0 0.0.0.0:587 0.0.0.0:*   LISTEN
>  32157/master
> 
> 
> And the telnet results:
> 
> $ telnet 193.106.250.xx 587
> Trying 193.106.250.xx...
> telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out

So, it looks like it's not a LAN address.  It's a mail server on the
public Internet?  As in, your telnet client and your server are NOT
talking directly to each other over a straight ethernet connection?
There's routers and stuff in between them?

You'd need to investigate the possibility of a firewall-equivalent at
each hop along the way.

Re: iptables reject with TCP RST

[Tom Reed]

>
> On 14/5/23 08:28, Tom Reed wrote:
>> I telnet to host:587 not the port 23.
>> And port 587 already reject access with tcp rst.
> --
>
> check if you are listening on port 587
>
> netstat -tulpnW | grep 587
>
>

yes it does.

tcp0  0 0.0.0.0:587 0.0.0.0:*   LISTEN
 32157/master


And the telnet results:

$ telnet 193.106.250.xx 587
Trying 193.106.250.xx...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out


Thanks

Re: iptables reject with TCP RST

[jeremy ardley]

On 14/5/23 08:28, Tom Reed wrote:

I telnet to host:587 not the port 23.
And port 587 already reject access with tcp rst.

--

check if you are listening on port 587

netstat -tulpnW | grep 587


Jeremy

Re: iptables reject with TCP RST

[Tom Reed]

>
> On 14/5/23 08:14, Tom Reed wrote:
>> /usr/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 143 -j REJECT --reject-with
>> tcp-reset
>> /usr/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 587 -j REJECT --reject-with
>> tcp-reset
>>
>> When I telnet from another host to the protected port, it gets timeout
>> message as follows.
>>
>> telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out
>>
>>
>> IIRC, timeout should happen for iptables DROP action. Since I am using
>> REJECT, why the connect shouldn't get disconnected quickly?
>
> There may be an earlier rule in your config that stops the REJECT rule
> being hit.
>
> check rule order with
>
> |iptables -L -n -v The other possibility is you aren't running telnet.
> netstat -tulnpW | grep 23 |
> --

Hello

I telnet to host:587 not the port 23.
And port 587 already reject access with tcp rst.

REJECT tcp  --  0.0.0.0/00.0.0.0/0tcp dpt:993
reject-with tcp-reset
REJECT tcp  --  0.0.0.0/00.0.0.0/0tcp dpt:143
reject-with tcp-reset
REJECT tcp  --  0.0.0.0/00.0.0.0/0tcp dpt:587
reject-with tcp-reset

So what's the reason?

Thank you.

Re: iptables reject with TCP RST

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 14/5/23 08:14, Tom Reed wrote:

/usr/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 143 -j REJECT --reject-with
tcp-reset
/usr/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 587 -j REJECT --reject-with
tcp-reset

When I telnet from another host to the protected port, it gets timeout
message as follows.

telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out


IIRC, timeout should happen for iptables DROP action. Since I am using
REJECT, why the connect shouldn't get disconnected quickly?


There may be an earlier rule in your config that stops the REJECT rule being 
hit.

check rule order with

|iptables -L -n -v The other possibility is you aren't running telnet. 
netstat -tulnpW | grep 23 |

--
Jeremy
(Lists)

iptables reject with TCP RST

[Tom Reed]

Hello

I have these iptables rules which reject tcp connections with tcp rst.

/usr/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 143 -j REJECT --reject-with
tcp-reset
/usr/sbin/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 587 -j REJECT --reject-with
tcp-reset

When I telnet from another host to the protected port, it gets timeout
message as follows.

telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection timed out


IIRC, timeout should happen for iptables DROP action. Since I am using
REJECT, why the connect shouldn't get disconnected quickly?

Thank you.
Tom

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 18:38, hl wrote:
i try old  FreeBSD-12.4, accept default FCC/US though i am not in US, 
wifi scan succeeds


.
you did not post it all, if unset you can scan which is rx only, you 
cannot transmit until its set. That is regulatory edict all over this 
particular planet.


Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[hl]

i try old  FreeBSD-12.4, accept default FCC/US though i am not in US, 
wifi scan succeeds

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 15:40, Greg Wooledge wrote:

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 08:29:11PM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 01:01:27PM -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:

Ifconfig has been deprecated in Debian for some years.


It is *not* deprecated. It is just optional, not essential.


I don't know what Debian's official stance is, but if you do web searches
for "Linux ifconfig deprecated", you find MANY results.

:
 The ip command is the future of network config commands. ifconfig
 has been officially deprecated for the ip suite, so while many of
 us are still using the old ways, it is time to put those habits to
 rest and move on with the world.


While you are correct, Greg, the lack of documentation to help with that 
transition is staggering. They just thru it on the table and didn't even 
say use this instead.


:
 Many Linux distributions have deprecated the use of ifconfig and route
 in favor of the software suite iproute2, such as ArchLinux[3] or RHEL
 since version 7,[4] which has been available since 1999 for Linux 2.2.

:
 [...] back around 2009 when the debian-devel mailing list
 announced plans on deprecating the net-tools package due to lack of
 maintenance. It is now 2015 and net-tools is still around.


Those are the most official-sounding references I can find in a few
minutes.

.


Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: Stable and testing together?

[The Wanderer]

On 2023-05-13 at 05:28, Hans wrote:

> Hi folks,
> 
> there is a question, which is in my mind for many years.
> 
> Is there any reason, why not using oldstable, stable and testing
> together?

Others have cited reasons why not, and those reasons are valid.

Despite that, this (or a subset, since I have no interest in oldstable)
is exactly what I run. It is effectively running testing, with packages
in stable available as a fallback in the event that I find the need to
install something that has been (hopefully temporarily) removed from
testing.

I tend to dist-upgrade against this on a weekly basis during most of the
development cycle of a Debian release, and on a daily basis (or more)
during the first few/several weeks after a release is made.

I have definitely encountered bugs in the course of doing this, and have
had to work around or otherwise resolve them.

But so far, this has been the course of fewest overall problems for me,
for quite a number of years now. I don't think I'd choose to run a
"daily driver" Debian system against anything else.

-- 
   The Wanderer

The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; the unreasonable one
persists in trying to adapt the world to himself. Therefore all
progress depends on the unreasonable man. -- George Bernard Shaw



signature.asc
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

Re: Stable and testing together?

[Andy Smith]

Hello,

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 11:28:24AM +0200, Hans wrote:
> Is there any reason, why not using oldstable, stable and testing together?

While some maintainers do commit to test and support their packages
from "testing" on "stable", the usual case is that this has never
been tested and is not supported.

As soon as you do an "apt update" on a stable system that has
"testing" in its apt sources, it will cease to be a supported
configuration. It will be partially or totally Debian testing.
Sooner or later this WILL cause bugs, which users of "testing" are
expected to be able to diagnose and handle.

Adding oldstable in the mix as well just makes that problem worse.

But if it works for you, great! When it stops working you will get
to keep both pieces. 😀

Cheers,
Andy

-- 
https://bitfolk.com/ -- No-nonsense VPS hosting

Please consider the environment before reading this e-mail.
 — John Levine

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 08:29:11PM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> > On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 01:01:27PM -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:  
> > > Ifconfig has been deprecated in Debian for some years.  
> > 
> > It is *not* deprecated. It is just optional, not essential.  
> 
> I don't know what Debian's official stance is, but if you do web
> searches for "Linux ifconfig deprecated", you find MANY results.
> 
> :
> The ip command is the future of network config commands. ifconfig
> has been officially deprecated for the ip suite, so while many of
> us are still using the old ways, it is time to put those habits to
> rest and move on with the world.
> 
> :
> Many Linux distributions have deprecated the use of ifconfig and
> route in favor of the software suite iproute2, such as ArchLinux[3]
> or RHEL since version 7,[4] which has been available since 1999 for
> Linux 2.2.
> 
> :
> [...] back around 2009 when the debian-devel mailing list
> announced plans on deprecating the net-tools package due to lack
> of maintenance. It is now 2015 and net-tools is still around.
> 
> 
> Those are the most official-sounding references I can find in a few
> minutes.

A couple more useful-looking pages I found that explain some of the
issues and history:

https://phoenixnap.com/kb/ifconfig-command-not-found

https://lwn.net/Articles/710533/

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Arno Lehmann]

Hi hl,

Am 13.05.2023 um 11:19 schrieb hl:

freebsd ask me regdomain/country of wifi when i set up wifi


Shouldn't there be some documentation available?


my wifi works in buster, how to find out regdomain/country it uses?


Try this:

root@redacted:~# iw phy phy0 reg get
global
country 00: DFS-UNSET
(2402 - 2472 @ 40), (N/A, 20), (N/A)
(2457 - 2482 @ 20), (N/A, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, NO-IR
(2474 - 2494 @ 20), (N/A, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, NO-IR
(5170 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, NO-IR
(5250 - 5330 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW, NO-IR
(5490 - 5730 @ 160), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), DFS, NO-IR
(5735 - 5835 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (N/A), NO-IR
(57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A)



but ifconfig isn't available in buster


I doubt that ifconfig is aware of such information.

Cheers,

Arno

--
Arno Lehmann

IT-Service Lehmann
Sandstr. 6, 49080 Osnabrück

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Greg Wooledge]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 08:29:11PM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 01:01:27PM -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
> > Ifconfig has been deprecated in Debian for some years.
> 
> It is *not* deprecated. It is just optional, not essential.

I don't know what Debian's official stance is, but if you do web searches
for "Linux ifconfig deprecated", you find MANY results.

:
The ip command is the future of network config commands. ifconfig
has been officially deprecated for the ip suite, so while many of
us are still using the old ways, it is time to put those habits to
rest and move on with the world.

:
Many Linux distributions have deprecated the use of ifconfig and route
in favor of the software suite iproute2, such as ArchLinux[3] or RHEL
since version 7,[4] which has been available since 1999 for Linux 2.2.

:
[...] back around 2009 when the debian-devel mailing list
announced plans on deprecating the net-tools package due to lack of
maintenance. It is now 2015 and net-tools is still around.


Those are the most official-sounding references I can find in a few
minutes.

How to download source package using only console?

[Alexander V. Makartsev]

Hello, fellow Debian users.

When I need to build a backport of a package, I sometimes find it 
difficult to obtain actual source package(-s) from Debian repos using 
console.

Following advice from a wiki page [1], after "apt update", doesn't do it:

   $ apt source lego/testing
   Reading package lists... Done
   Picking 'golang-github-xenolf-lego' as source package instead of 'lego'
   E: Can not find version '3.2.0-3.1' of package 'lego'
   E: Unable to find a source package for golang-github-xenolf-lego

Any other seemingly intended ways also fail in a similar fashion:

   $ dget lego=4.9.1-1
   dget: no hostnames in apt-cache policy lego for version 4.9.1-1 found

   $ apt-get source lego -t testing
   Reading package lists... Done
   E: The value 'testing' is invalid for APT::Default-Release as such a
   release is not available in the sources
   E: Unable to find a source package for

Trying to do the same for another package seems to work:

   $ apt source ipcalc/testing
   Reading package lists... Done
   Selected version '0.42-2' (testing) for ipcalc
   Need to get 33,7 kB of source archives.
   Get:1 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian testing/main ipcalc 0.42-2
   (dsc) [1 692 B]
   Get:2 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian testing/main ipcalc 0.42-2
   (tar) [25,9 kB]
   Get:3 https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian testing/main ipcalc 0.42-2
   (diff) [6 144 B]
   Fetched 33,7 kB in 1s (52,5 kB/s)
   dpkg-source: info: extracting ipcalc in ipcalc-0.42
   dpkg-source: info: unpacking ipcalc_0.42.orig.tar.gz
   dpkg-source: info: unpacking ipcalc_0.42-2.debian.tar.xz
   dpkg-source: info: using patch list from debian/patches/series
   dpkg-source: info: applying 01-paths.patch


So why those fail for a "lego" package and is there a way to solve this 
once and for all?
I know I can go to a packages website [2] and manually download ".dsc" 
file and feed it to "dget" utility, or download source files directly 
from said website, but there has to be a better way.


Some useful info:

   $ cat /etc/apt/sources.list | grep -iE "testing"
   #deb https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/ testing main contrib non-free
   deb-src https://mirror.yandex.ru/debian/ testing main contrib non-free

   $ rmadison lego
   lego   | 0.3.1-5+b13   | oldstable  | amd64, arm64, armel,
   armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
   lego   | 3.2.0-3.1+b5  | stable | amd64, arm64, armel,
   armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
   lego   | 4.9.1-1   | testing    | amd64, arm64, armel,
   armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
   lego   | 4.9.1-1   | unstable   | amd64, arm64, armel,
   armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x

   $ uname -a
   Linux host0 5.10.0-22-amd64 #1 SMP Debian 5.10.178-3 (2023-04-22)
   x86_64 GNU/Linux



[1] https://wiki.debian.org/SimpleBackportCreation
[2] https://packages.debian.org/bookworm/lego

--
With kindest regards, Alexander.

⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system
⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org
⠈⠳⣄

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 01:01:27PM -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
> On Sat, May 13, 2023, 5:23 AM Jeremy Ardley  wrote:
> 
> >
> > On 13/5/23 18:17, Nicolas George wrote:
> > > This is your interpretation, not an official stance. It might as well be
> > > that they considered polluting the completion namespace of users with a
> > > command they rarely need was less convenient.
> >
> > The actual reason is they have deprecated it in favour of the ip command
> > but left it available for now with a bit of searching.
> >
> 
> Ifconfig has been deprecated in Debian for some years.

It is *not* deprecated. It is just optional, not essential. As is the
Gnu C compiler or Lua or... you name it. If you need it, you install
it. It is in stable (version 1.60), coming in testing (v 2.10) and is
in unstable. It is not going away, folks!

> IIRC the wiki tells
> you that but i honestly did not know that for years after Until i took
> care of ubuntu servers: no root login period; no old network tools period.

Where?

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Nicholas Geovanis]

On Sat, May 13, 2023, 5:23 AM Jeremy Ardley  wrote:

>
> On 13/5/23 18:17, Nicolas George wrote:
> > This is your interpretation, not an official stance. It might as well be
> > that they considered polluting the completion namespace of users with a
> > command they rarely need was less convenient.
>
> The actual reason is they have deprecated it in favour of the ip command
> but left it available for now with a bit of searching.
>

Ifconfig has been deprecated in Debian for some years. IIRC the wiki tells
you that but i honestly did not know that for years after Until i took
care of ubuntu servers: no root login period; no old network tools period.

Jeremy
> (Lists)
>
>

Re: Stable and testing together?

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 11:28:24AM +0200, Hans wrote:
> Hi folks,
> 
> there is a question, which is in my mind for many years. 
> 
> Is there any reason, why not using oldstable, stable and testing together?
> 

Yes: wiki.debian.org has 
https://wiki.debian.org/DontBreakDebian#Advice_For_New_Users_On_Not_Breaking_Their_Debian_System

> I am asking this, because sometimes I need packages, whcih are no more in 
> testing or stable (for example an older kernel, which is capable to run on my 
> hardware and supports NVidia drivers), or maybe the kernel is from stable, 
> but 
> the Nvidia driver (in my example) is no more in the stable or testing repo. 
> Or 
> some needed software is fiully disappeared from testing or stable.
> 

If you know *exactly* what you have and what you are doing, this is feasible.
If not, it is a recipe for problems the first time you run "apt-get update"
- are you running stable any more? No, you're likely to be running testing.

> In the past, I never got into problems, having "stable" and "testing" 
> together 
> in my sources.list. I always either get the newest versions from testing or I 
> have to install the version in stable. This is ok for me. 
> 

You get the newest versions in testing and may then need to downgrade - which
is not supported.

> Also some packages I personally need, which are no more in testing but in 
> stable can be installed and run without any problems.
> 
> Yes, it is clear for me, that I might need to install stuff, not needed in 
> pure testing (like some libs, old java, old compiler versions whatever), but 
> I 
> suppose, this is the price I have to pay. 
> 
> I know, from the security side that should not me accepted (KISS priciple), 
> but what can one do, if either the developers can not switch to new libs or 
> it 
> is technically not possible at all?
> 

Security support is another one: which distribution are you running?

> So, do you see any more problems, I missed somehow? Or is it ok from your 
> view, running testing and stable entries in the sources.list together?
> 

In one situation, and one situation only in my opinion, you can do this.
When testing is frozen preparatory to release, it is feasible to run
testing and then follow it through to stable as it gets released on the
day. Do *not* pin to testing or stable as the release names: always use
the codenames - that way, surprises are avoided :)

So today, for example, it would be appropriate to upgrade to bookworm given
that release is barely a month away. As ever, before updating, bring the prior
release up to date. Change sources list. Read release notes or other
information as available.

> Thanks for reading this! And I am looking forward to the next release in June.
> 
> Best regards
> 
> Hans  
> 
>

With every good wish, as ever,

Andy Cater 

Re: sudoers question

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 09:07:19AM -0700, Kushal Kumaran wrote:

[...]

> The benefit is that there is no shared password. [...]

Thanks. This is one very good point indeed.

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 04:25:26PM +, Thomas Schweikle wrote:

[...]

> This was never the reason for "/bin" vs. "/sbin". "/sbin" held just tools
> needed to startup the system and mount the rest.

No. You needed *both* /bin and /sbin for start up; /usr/bin and /usr/sbin
could come later.

One prominent example: /bin/sh. No shell, no system.

It's pretty well explained here [1].

The difference between "s" and no "s" was "system" vs. "user". And this
wasn't done to "keep the users from messing with the system"; rather to
not clutter the user's path with programs (s)he couldn't use anyway.

Cheers

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard

-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Nicolas George]

Thomas Schweikle (12023-05-13):
> No, not really. But some do have a short memory. Computers used to have
> "lots of memory" at some times in the past if they had 64KiB. The Harddisk
> used to be large if it had 5MiB available. Systems had to mount drives over
> networks to access more storage. You had to put all parts boot up a system
> on one HD. "/sbin" was the answer. /sbin held all parts to boot up a system,
> then mount further HD directly or over network.

Some have short memory, some believe they have long memory but it is not
very reliable.

What you describe is the reason for /(s)bin vs /usr/(s)bin, not the
reason for (/usr)/bin vs (/usr)/sbin.

-- 
  Nicolas George


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 11:55:57AM -0400, gene heskett wrote:

[...]

> Unfortunately Tomas, neither util knows anything about radio's.

As far as I know they never did.

> Someone
> just reminded me that iw is now the tool. I've found that /sbin/iw can
> output regulatory info, but the shorthand used is a bit opaque. From my one
> lonesome  wifi equipt rpi4b:

Yes, I think that one is your buddy.

> pi@rpi4:~ $ /sbin/iw reg get
> global
> country US: DFS-FCC
>   (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (N/A, 30), (N/A)
>   (5170 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (N/A), AUTO-BW
>   (5250 - 5330 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW
>   (5490 - 5730 @ 160), (N/A, 23), (0 ms), DFS
>   (5735 - 5835 @ 80), (N/A, 30), (N/A)
>   (57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 40), (N/A)
> 
> I have all of mine turned off and everything is wired to prevent the AH
> across the street from using my bandwidth to watch his porn. He had a
> utility on his cell phone capable of hijacking my radios. I hear he is back
> in the hotel for the 2nd time. Life in the neighborhood is much improved w/o
> him.
> 
> iw's output seems complete even if there is no radio, which the bpi's don't
> have, but from bpi54:
> gene@bpi54:~$ /sbin/iw reg get
> global
> country 00: DFS-UNSET
>   (2402 - 2472 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A)
>   (2457 - 2482 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
>   (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN
>   (5170 - 5250 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
>   (5250 - 5330 @ 80), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
>   (5490 - 5730 @ 160), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, PASSIVE-SCAN
>   (5735 - 5835 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN
>   (57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A)

Hm. As far as I understand the docs, this is telling you about
the regulatory database, i.e. how many dB your WiFi is supposed
to yell out at which freq depending on where your computer thinks
it is.

This exists independently of whether your hw is on or off, or
on whether you've got any radio hardware at all.

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Thomas Schweikle]

Am Sa., 13.Mai.2023 um 12:46:01 schrieb jeremy ardley:


On 13/5/23 18:36, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:

Ip is by default in /bin, perhaps because it's more "modern". Ifconfig
has always been in /sbin, long before Debian existed.

--
Some programs are on the root path and some on the user path and most 
(all?) on both.


The exact reasons are in the mists of time, but it seems likely the 
powers didn't want users to routinely use programs better run by 
adminstrators.


No, not really. But some do have a short memory. Computers used to have 
"lots of memory" at some times in the past if they had 64KiB. The 
Harddisk used to be large if it had 5MiB available. Systems had to mount 
drives over networks to access more storage. You had to put all parts 
boot up a system on one HD. "/sbin" was the answer. /sbin held all parts 
to boot up a system, then mount further HD directly or over network.


in our modern world this seperation into tools needed to initialize and 
boot the system and the rest isn't really useful any more: 1TiB HD are 
standard. As there is normally 4GiB memory. "/sbin" can be unpacked 
while booting into memory -- try it with 64KiB. But dont blame me for 
failing! ifconfig alowne has 81KiB (without libraries) -- it doesn't fit 
into the space a computer had in Memory not to long ago!


Using sudo automatically gives you the root path so you can run programs 
'better run by admins' without extra work figuring out paths and any 
local variations.


This was never the reason for "/bin" vs. "/sbin". "/sbin" held just 
tools needed to startup the system and mount the rest.


In some cases sudo is actually required and in some cases it makes no 
difference.


Some tools where useful for all, only a minority was only required while 
starting the system up.


--
Thomas



OpenPGP_0x27AE2304B4974851.asc
Description: OpenPGP public key


OpenPGP_signature
Description: OpenPGP digital signature

Re: sudoers question

[Kushal Kumaran]

On Sat, May 13 2023 at 01:51:03 AM, Lee  wrote:
> On 5/12/23, DdB  wrote:
>> Am 13.05.2023 um 00:03 schrieb Lee:
>>> On 5/12/23, Stefan Monnier  wrote:
> Or configure sudo to disable tty_tickets, so that the timeout (10
> minutes by default IIRC) applies to all terminals.

 `sudo bash` anyone?
>>>
>>> me!  me!  but I also have
>> (...)
>>> %adm  ALL = (root) NOPASSWD: ADM_COMMANDS
>>
>> Of course, there are ways to allow any/all sudo commands without
>> password. And i also have to cast a warning here:
>>
>> The kind of mistakes, any user (including yourself) can initiate, grows
>> considerably, if he can use any commands without even thinking.
>
> In general, yes, but how much trouble can
>   /usr/bin/dmesg,
>   /usr/bin/apt list
>   /usr/bin/apt update
>   /usr/sbin/checkrestart
>   /usr/sbin/needrestart
> cause?
>
> OTOH, I like the idea of logging in as root to do admin stuff.  But
> that seems to be frowned on now.. I don't  know why :(   .. unless
> logging?  'sudo bash' or logging in as root doesn't leave an audit
> trail of commands you've done
>

The benefit is that there is no shared password.  If one of the people
entrusted with sudo privileges needs to lose those privileges (perhaps
because they leave the organization), removing that user account stops
their access.  If, on the other hand, you were allowing admins to login
as root, you now need to change the shared root password.  Of course,
this requires a degree of locking down.  For example, the set of users
allowed to do day-to-day administration tasks must not overlap with the
set of users permitted to modify the sudo configuration or set root
password.  You can also have different sets of users permitted to do
different kinds of administrative tasks: one group might be permitted to
stop/restart a small set of services, for example.  And no one can be
permitted to do `sudo bash` or its equivalent.

Logging is a nice additional benefit, and some organizations may be
required to keep audit logs for server configuration changes.  sudo
providing this will be a bonus for them.

On single-user systems, the ability to do NOPASSWD for selected commands
is nice.  I don't know of any other benefit.

-- 
regards,
kushal

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 11:17, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 10:22:50AM -0400, gene heskett wrote:

[...]


ip does not in my man reading, offer similar performance. Is there a
replacement utility for ifconfig that will supply this info?


Sigh. Yes. There is a replacement. It is called ifconfig. Package
net-tools, as `apt-file search' has surely told you.

FWIW, I have *both* ifconfig and ip installed. I use *both*.

Cheers


Unfortunately Tomas, neither util knows anything about radio's.  Someone 
just reminded me that iw is now the tool. I've found that /sbin/iw can 
output regulatory info, but the shorthand used is a bit opaque. From my 
one lonesome  wifi equipt rpi4b:

pi@rpi4:~ $ /sbin/iw reg get
global
country US: DFS-FCC
(2402 - 2472 @ 40), (N/A, 30), (N/A)
(5170 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (N/A), AUTO-BW
(5250 - 5330 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW
(5490 - 5730 @ 160), (N/A, 23), (0 ms), DFS
(5735 - 5835 @ 80), (N/A, 30), (N/A)
(57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 40), (N/A)

I have all of mine turned off and everything is wired to prevent the AH 
across the street from using my bandwidth to watch his porn. He had a 
utility on his cell phone capable of hijacking my radios. I hear he is 
back in the hotel for the 2nd time. Life in the neighborhood is much 
improved w/o him.


iw's output seems complete even if there is no radio, which the bpi's 
don't have, but from bpi54:

gene@bpi54:~$ /sbin/iw reg get
global
country 00: DFS-UNSET
(2402 - 2472 @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A)
(2457 - 2482 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
(2474 - 2494 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN
(5170 - 5250 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
(5250 - 5330 @ 80), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
(5490 - 5730 @ 160), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, PASSIVE-SCAN
(5735 - 5835 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN
(57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A)

note the 00: DFS-UNSET for country. the board doesn't even have a socket 
for a radio, but in practice its a supercharged rpi4b for $65 USD at 
alliexpress. I have yet to find something an rpi4b can do that the bpi's 
can't do. I have a sw problem with cups but I suspect its a software fix 
too.  Just got to find the magic mushroom. ;o)>


Take care & stay well, Tomas.
Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 10:22:50AM -0400, gene heskett wrote:

[...]

> ip does not in my man reading, offer similar performance. Is there a
> replacement utility for ifconfig that will supply this info?

Sigh. Yes. There is a replacement. It is called ifconfig. Package
net-tools, as `apt-file search' has surely told you.

FWIW, I have *both* ifconfig and ip installed. I use *both*.

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[David Wright]

On Sat 13 May 2023 at 17:19:01 (+0800), hl wrote:
> freebsd ask me regdomain/country of wifi when i set up wifi
> 
> my wifi works in buster, how to find out regdomain/country it uses?

For bullseye:

$ /sbin/iw reg get
global
country US: DFS-FCC
(902 - 904 @ 2), (N/A, 30), (N/A)
(904 - 920 @ 16), (N/A, 30), (N/A)
(920 - 928 @ 8), (N/A, 30), (N/A)
(2400 - 2472 @ 40), (N/A, 30), (N/A)
(5150 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (N/A), AUTO-BW
(5250 - 5350 @ 80), (N/A, 24), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW
(5470 - 5730 @ 160), (N/A, 24), (0 ms), DFS
(5730 - 5850 @ 80), (N/A, 30), (N/A), AUTO-BW
(5850 - 5895 @ 40), (N/A, 27), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR, AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
(57240 - 71000 @ 2160), (N/A, 40), (N/A)

to find out what it's set to.

# /sbin/iw reg set US

to set it (the usual two-letter codes).

$ /sbin/regdbdump /usr/lib/crda/regulatory.bin | less

to list all that it knows about.

$ apt-file find foo

to find out which package foo is in.

AFAIK buster is the same.

Whare are you? China?

Cheers,
David.

Re: EPSON ET M 1120 new printer: If You can read this, you are using the wrong driver Including BUG MESSAGE

[Greg Wooledge]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 10:18:37AM +, Schwibinger Michael wrote:
>   *   For Debian based distributions:
> # dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_.deb
> 
> 
> 
> What is the name of architecture?

Typically, either amd64 or i386, depending on which one you installed.
The canonical way to find out is:

unicorn:~$ dpkg --print-architecture
amd64

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 08:11, didier gaumet wrote:

Hello,

some info here:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/regulatory.html

.

Some useful info above. Useful to the OP?  IDK.

Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: SOLVED:Re: repeat of previous questionthathasgoneunansweredseveraltimes.

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 07:18, Brian wrote:

On Fri 12 May 2023 at 15:27:21 -0400, gene heskett wrote:


On 5/12/23 14:45, Brian wrote:

On Fri 12 May 2023 at 06:23:56 -0400, gene heskett wrote:

[...]


I'm confused. There is not anything wrong with this machine as a Server.
ALL of this muttering and bitching has been because bookworm clients did NOT
work. buster clients work great.


"work(s)" is such vague term. I guess working and non-working are references
to

   > All of my bullseye machines are locked out, printer screen at
   > localhost:631 is empty, and no printers can be found and added


How many times do I have to say it is/was a CLIENT problem that only exists
for BOOKWORM clients.  The elephant in the room that most have ignored.


THe issue has been fully dealt with. In short:

No local printers leads to an empty localhost:631 and 'lpstat -t'.

THere isn't any issue whatsoever. You seem very reluctant to incorporate this
basic fact into your thinking. THe room is empty.

May we have 'lpstat -t' from a buster machine that is not bpi54?


This is buster, running a milling machine in the garage


[Informative info from a number of machines snupped.]

All the displayed queues are local and have either been set up manually 
(ipp://...)
or autmatically by cups-browsed (implicitclass://...). A manual setup on a
bullseye machine would involve the raw or everywhere model. A client.conf is an
is an alternative.

But it doesn't seem to work in armbian bullseye, who uses debian repo's 
for everything not involved with booting. Most armbian stuff is u-boot.


I now have different results between bpi54, which works, and bpi51, 
which does not. The two are I believe configured identically in /etc/cups.


Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 06:04, Vincent Lefevre wrote:

On 2023-05-13 17:56:48 +0800, jeremy ardley wrote:


On 13/5/23 17:51, Nicolas George wrote:

Also, ifconfig has nothing to do with wireless, so it was a red herring
from the start.


wlan0 is an interface like any other and ifconfig works with it


For me, since the wireless interface is wlp61s0:

zira:~> ifconfig wlp61s0 list countries
list: Unknown host
ifconfig: `--help' gives usage information.

What you gave is unknown to ifconfig.

So also is wlan0 or any other name that may have been assigned to the 
radio. Radio's are unk to ifconfig today. So it is worthless to the OP.


Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 06:02, Jeremy Ardley wrote:


On 13/5/23 17:57, Vincent Lefevre wrote:

Moreover, it should not be necessary to be root: you are just
reading non-private data. However, "list countries" does not
seem to exist.


Debian 11 seems to have a different opinion on who can run ifconfig. 
Sudo or root is required.


jeremy@client:~$ ifconfig enp8s0
bash: ifconfig: command not found
jeremy@client:~$ sudo ifconfig enp8s0
enp8s0: flags=4098  mtu 1500
     ether 0c:9d:92:75:b4:f7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
     RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
     RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
     TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
     TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

That is not a radio interface, so for the OP use is just noise.






Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Bret Busby]

On 13/5/23 22:22, gene heskett wrote:

On 5/13/23 05:35, hl wrote:

freebsd ask me regdomain/country of wifi when i set up wifi

my wifi works in buster, how to find out regdomain/country it uses?

https://wiki.freebsd.org/action/show/WiFi/RegulatoryDomainSupport?action=show&redirect=WiFiRegulatory

To view the current list of regulatory domains and SKUs:

  # ifconfig wlan0 list countries

To view the current regulatory domain frequency and operating modes:

  # ifconfig wlan0 list regdomain


but ifconfig isn't available in buster

I've got an old, now shoved under the bus and sold to the money cats, 
1st phone ticket in my billfold, issued back when it meant something, 
and I am also a CET, teaching EE's how to get their hands dirty if 
needed.  This gentleman's concern is very real, with potentially costly 
results in this world of everything being made in china with no regard 
for our laws.


Unless there is a replacement utility that will supply him with the info 
he needs the legal consequences exposure is an unknown.


ip does not in my man reading, offer similar performance. Is there a 
replacement utility for ifconfig that will supply this info?


Cheers, Gene Heskett.



Having viewed the web page at the URL cited by the original poster, to 
me, the original poster's question is "Why does this FreeBSD command not 
work on Linux?"


The command and the options, as stated in the original post, are in the 
exact format and syntax, specified explicitly for FreeBSD, and, not for 
Linux.


I have ifconfig installed and operational.

Did the original poster (and, the poster above), type
man ifconfig
to find what options are available on the distribution and version 
number of Linux, that they have installed?


The syntax as cited in the original post, is not available for the 
version of ifconfig that I have installed.


See also
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/629134/how-to-set-country-region-for-wifi-globally-in-linux-mint-20

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Network_configuration/Wireless

to find the information that is sought.

Perhaps, both posters above, should try searching (with something like 
the Borg search engine named google), for how to find the relevant 
information on the distribution and version number of Linux, that they 
have installed, rather than complaining that a FreeBSD command does not 
work on it?


..
Bret Busby
Armadale
West Australia
(UTC+0800)
..

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 06:02, Vincent Lefevre wrote:

On 2023-05-13 17:19:01 +0800, hl wrote:

but ifconfig isn't available in buster


I've used it for many years, and it is still there, currently in
the net-tools package (try "apt-file search bin/ifconfig").

Thank you Vincent, not ordinarily installed in bullseye.  And it still 
knows nothing about radio's.


Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 05:39, Jeremy Ardley wrote:


On 13/5/23 17:19, hl wrote:


To view the current list of regulatory domains and SKUs:

 # ifconfig wlan0 list countries

To view the current regulatory domain frequency and operating modes:

 # ifconfig wlan0 list regdomain


but ifconfig isn't available in buster


ifconfig needs to be run as root or sudo. e.g.

sudo ifconfig wlan0 list countries

It is not available for bullseye either. And the buster version has been 
emasculated, no mention of the radio's exists in the --help menu.


Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[gene heskett]

On 5/13/23 05:35, hl wrote:

freebsd ask me regdomain/country of wifi when i set up wifi

my wifi works in buster, how to find out regdomain/country it uses?

https://wiki.freebsd.org/action/show/WiFi/RegulatoryDomainSupport?action=show&redirect=WiFiRegulatory

To view the current list of regulatory domains and SKUs:

  # ifconfig wlan0 list countries

To view the current regulatory domain frequency and operating modes:

  # ifconfig wlan0 list regdomain


but ifconfig isn't available in buster

I've got an old, now shoved under the bus and sold to the money cats, 
1st phone ticket in my billfold, issued back when it meant something, 
and I am also a CET, teaching EE's how to get their hands dirty if 
needed.  This gentleman's concern is very real, with potentially costly 
results in this world of everything being made in china with no regard 
for our laws.


Unless there is a replacement utility that will supply him with the info 
he needs the legal consequences exposure is an unknown.


ip does not in my man reading, offer similar performance. Is there a 
replacement utility for ifconfig that will supply this info?


Cheers, Gene Heskett.
--
"There are four boxes to be used in defense of liberty:
 soap, ballot, jury, and ammo. Please use in that order."
-Ed Howdershelt (Author, 1940)
If we desire respect for the law, we must first make the law respectable.
 - Louis D. Brandeis
Genes Web page 

Re: Help with Debian for ARM

[Dan Ritter]

Mario Marietto wrote: 
> I still have the old "Samsung / Google Nexus 10" tablet. I don't like
> Android. Any help to install Ubuntu instead of Android on this device is
> appreciated. Thanks.


First, this is a Debian list, not an Ubuntu list.

Second, as far as I know, there are proprietary components to
that tablet which make it impossible for Debian to be installed.

As an alternative, nearly all Android devices can run a Debian
environment in a chroot:

https://wiki.debian.org/ChrootOnAndroid


-dsr-

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[David]

On Sat, 13 May 2023 at 09:35, hl  wrote:

> freebsd ask me regdomain/country of wifi when i set up wifi
>
> my wifi works in buster, how to find out regdomain/country it uses?

[root@satpro ~]# iw help | grep reg
reg reload
Reload the kernel's regulatory database.
phy  reg get
Print out the devices' current regulatory domain information.
reg get
Print out the kernel's current regulatory domain information.
reg set 
Notify the kernel about the current regulatory domain.

[root@satpro ~]# iw list | grep phy
Wiphy phy0
wiphy index: 0
 * set_wiphy_netns

[root@satpro ~]# iw phy phy0 reg get
global
country AU: DFS-ETSI
(2400 - 2483 @ 40), (N/A, 36), (N/A)
(5150 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR, AUTO-BW
(5250 - 5350 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), NO-OUTDOOR, DFS, AUTO-BW
(5470 - 5600 @ 80), (N/A, 27), (0 ms), DFS
(5650 - 5730 @ 80), (N/A, 27), (0 ms), DFS
(5730 - 5850 @ 80), (N/A, 36), (N/A)
(57000 - 66000 @ 2160), (N/A, 43), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR

[root@satpro ~]# iw reg get
global
country AU: DFS-ETSI
(2400 - 2483 @ 40), (N/A, 36), (N/A)
(5150 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 23), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR, AUTO-BW
(5250 - 5350 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), NO-OUTDOOR, DFS, AUTO-BW
(5470 - 5600 @ 80), (N/A, 27), (0 ms), DFS
(5650 - 5730 @ 80), (N/A, 27), (0 ms), DFS
(5730 - 5850 @ 80), (N/A, 36), (N/A)
(57000 - 66000 @ 2160), (N/A, 43), (N/A), NO-OUTDOOR

[root@satpro ~]# type iw
iw is hashed (/usr/sbin/iw)

[root@satpro ~]# dpkg -S /usr/sbin/iw
dpkg-query: no path found matching pattern /usr/sbin/iw

[root@satpro ~]# dpkg -S /sbin/iw
iw: /sbin/iw

[root@satpro ~]# apt show iw
Package: iw
Version: 5.9-3
Priority: optional
Section: net
Maintainer: Paride Legovini 
Installed-Size: 300 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.17), libnl-3-200 (>= 3.2.7), libnl-genl-3-200 (>= 3.2.7)
Recommends: wireless-regdb
Homepage: https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/documentation/iw
Tag: hardware::TODO, implemented-in::c, interface::commandline,
 network::configuration, role::program, use::configuring
Download-Size: 100 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://approx:/debian bullseye/main amd64 Packages
Description: tool for configuring Linux wireless devices
 This package contains the 'iw' command line tool which allows to configure and
 show information about wireless devices.
 .
 iw is based on the nl80211 kernel interface and supports the majority of
 fairly recent hardware. The old tool iwconfig, which uses Wireless Extensions
 interface, is deprecated and it is strongly recommended to switch to iw and
 nl80211.

[root@satpro ~]# cat /etc/debian_version
11.7

Re: sudoers question

[Dan Ritter]

to...@tuxteam.de wrote: 
> Security is engineering: always looking for a good tradeoff.
> Not magic.
> 
> (That's why I cringe when people around here scaremonger about
> "you NEED to have a password" and things. People should know
> what they are getting into, for sure, but at the same time they
> should take their own decisions).


Yes but -- if someone asks for advice and clearly doesn't know
the tradeoffs they are making, the first advice should be to
take the safer option.

Pointing them at the documentation after that is good.

-dsr-

Re: AW: EPSON ET M 1120 new printer: If You can read this, you are using the wrong driver Including BUG MESSAGE

[Andrew M.A. Cater]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 10:18:37AM +, Schwibinger Michael wrote:
> First
> You asked for the bug message:
> 
> https://ibb.co/Xtbz1Qp
> [https://i.ibb.co/jDTLmNG/epsonprot.jpg]
> epsonprot hosted at ImgBB
> Image epsonprot hosted in ImgBB
> ibb.co
> 

Unfortunately, that patge returns nothing except a page not found
error

All the very best, as ever,

Andy Cater


> Regards
> Sophie
> 
> 
> 
> 
> Von: Andrew M.A. Cater 
> Gesendet: Sonntag, 7. Mai 2023 20:27
> An: debian-user@lists.debian.org 
> Betreff: Re: EPSON ET M 1120 new printer: If You can read this, you are using 
> the wrong driver
> 
> On Sun, May 07, 2023 at 08:51:29AM -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Sun, May 07, 2023 at 09:26:33AM +, Schwibinger Michael wrote:
> > > There are some other messages from the printer.
> > >
> > > Are they important?
> >
> > How on earth would we know whether the messages are important without
> > seeing them?
> >
> > This is why nobody is offering you any more help.  You are presenting
> > yourself as either a troll, or as someone who is so fundamentally
> > incompetent that helping you is impossible.
> >
> 
> OK. I'm going to have one more go at this. For the avoidance of doubt:
> I'll assume that Sophie is genuine - maybe a teenager, certainly
> someone whose first language is German.
> 
> I'm going to assume good faith, despite some evidence to the contrary.**
> 
> >From looking on Epson's website:
> 
> 1. They do not support this printer under Linux officially.
> 
> 2. The printer is listed as a printer supported only under Windows - lots
> of variants.
> 
> 3. It is listed as a GDI compatible printer - this is indicative of a printer
> that requires a specific Windows driver to compose the page.
> 
> 4. It is compatible with older Epson printing protocols called Esc/P and
> Esc/P-R.
> 
> 5. Epson do have a filter program available to make this printer work
> as an Esc/P printer under Linux using CUPS to manage the printer.
> 
> 6. If CUPS setup is possible - you will need to read documents to be
> able to set up CUPS.
> 
> See: 
> https://www.epson.co.uk/products/printers/inkjet/consumer/ecotank-et-m1120/p/23162
> 
> See: https://download.ebz.epson.net/man/linux/escpr.html
> 
> > Do you want my advice?  Go find a local Linux users group, and ask them
> > what kind of printers they're using.  Then buy one of THOSE printers,
> > and have the Linux users group help you set it up.
> >
> 
> This is possibly not the best advice: I would suggest that you find a
> fellow student who uses Linux and is an enthusiast to help you out.
> 
> ** Michael Tobias Schwibinger (or similar spelling) appears to be a
> Dipl. Ing, interested in software, psychology and clown therapy / circus
> skills and clown theory?
> 
> In the hope that this can finally put an end to this neverending thread.
> 
> With every good wish, as ever,
> 
> Andy Cater
> 

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 02:26:58PM +0200, Michel Verdier wrote:
> Le 13 mai 2023 jeremy ardley a écrit :
> 
> > The exact reasons are in the mists of time, but it seems likely the powers
> > didn't want users to routinely use programs better run by adminstrators.
> 
> As I learned it a long time ago, /bin /sbin are historically for system
> commands, /usr/bin /usr/sbin for user ones.

No. /bin and /usr/bin are for the "normal" users, /sbin, /usr/sbin for
the admin (typically). The "s" meaning "system".

There's a wikipedia page [1] on that.

The difference between /usr and non-/usr stems from the times you had
only a small disk at boot (/usr being mounted later, perhaps as a NFS
mount). You possibly needed a minimal viable system to set up all the
rest to be able to mount /usr.

These days all those things happen typically at initramfs time. That's
why usrmerge was possible at all.

Cheers

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_Hierarchy_Standard
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

AW: EPSON ET M 1120 new printer: If You can read this, you are using the wrong driver Including BUG MESSAGE

[Schwibinger Michael]

First
You asked for the bug message:

https://ibb.co/Xtbz1Qp
[https://i.ibb.co/jDTLmNG/epsonprot.jpg]
epsonprot hosted at ImgBB
Image epsonprot hosted in ImgBB
ibb.co



Good morning

 
https://www.epson.co.uk/products/printers/inkjet/consumer/ecotank-et-m1120/p/23162
[https://i8.amplience.net/i/epsonemear/et-m1120_productimages-2-main]
EcoTank ET-M1120 | Consumer | Inkjet Printers | Printers | Products | Epson 
United 
Kingdom
Take advantage of mobile printing and reduce your printing costs with this 
reliable, time-saving and energy-efficient EcoTank.
www.epson.co.uk


Thank You for URL:

Where I can find Linux?

Zje other link:

ou can install the package of this driver software by using package manager, 
etc. Or you can also install this software package by opening a terminal and 
using command lines input.
Note:The following commands needs to be performed as a root privilege.

  *   For Redhat based distributions:
# rpm -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr--.rpm
  *   For Debian based distributions:
# dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_.deb



What is the name of architecture?

Regards
Sophie




Von: Andrew M.A. Cater 
Gesendet: Sonntag, 7. Mai 2023 20:27
An: debian-user@lists.debian.org 
Betreff: Re: EPSON ET M 1120 new printer: If You can read this, you are using 
the wrong driver

On Sun, May 07, 2023 at 08:51:29AM -0400, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> On Sun, May 07, 2023 at 09:26:33AM +, Schwibinger Michael wrote:
> > There are some other messages from the printer.
> >
> > Are they important?
>
> How on earth would we know whether the messages are important without
> seeing them?
>
> This is why nobody is offering you any more help.  You are presenting
> yourself as either a troll, or as someone who is so fundamentally
> incompetent that helping you is impossible.
>

OK. I'm going to have one more go at this. For the avoidance of doubt:
I'll assume that Sophie is genuine - maybe a teenager, certainly
someone whose first language is German.

I'm going to assume good faith, despite some evidence to the contrary.**

>From looking on Epson's website:

1. They do not support this printer under Linux officially.

2. The printer is listed as a printer supported only under Windows - lots
of variants.

3. It is listed as a GDI compatible printer - this is indicative of a printer
that requires a specific Windows driver to compose the page.

4. It is compatible with older Epson printing protocols called Esc/P and
Esc/P-R.

5. Epson do have a filter program available to make this printer work
as an Esc/P printer under Linux using CUPS to manage the printer.

6. If CUPS setup is possible - you will need to read documents to be
able to set up CUPS.

See: 
https://www.epson.co.uk/products/printers/inkjet/consumer/ecotank-et-m1120/p/23162

See: https://download.ebz.epson.net/man/linux/escpr.html

> Do you want my advice?  Go find a local Linux users group, and ask them
> what kind of printers they're using.  Then buy one of THOSE printers,
> and have the Linux users group help you set it up.
>

This is possibly not the best advice: I would suggest that you find a
fellow student who uses Linux and is an enthusiast to help you out.

** Michael Tobias Schwibinger (or similar spelling) appears to be a
Dipl. Ing, interested in software, psychology and clown therapy / circus
skills and clown theory?

In the hope that this can finally put an end to this neverending thread.

With every good wish, as ever,

Andy Cater

Re: Help with Debian for ARM

[Mario Marietto]

Errata corrige :

I still have the old "Samsung / Google Nexus 10" tablet. I don't like
Android. Any help to install Debian instead of Android on this device is
appreciated. Thanks.

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 2:27 PM Mario Marietto 
wrote:

> Hello.
>
> I still have the old "Samsung / Google Nexus 10" tablet. I don't like
> Android. Any help to install Ubuntu instead of Android on this device is
> appreciated. Thanks.
>
> --
> Mario.
>


-- 
Mario.

Help with Debian for ARM

[Mario Marietto]

Hello.

I still have the old "Samsung / Google Nexus 10" tablet. I don't like
Android. Any help to install Ubuntu instead of Android on this device is
appreciated. Thanks.

-- 
Mario.

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Michel Verdier]

Le 13 mai 2023 jeremy ardley a écrit :

> The exact reasons are in the mists of time, but it seems likely the powers
> didn't want users to routinely use programs better run by adminstrators.

As I learned it a long time ago, /bin /sbin are historically for system
commands, /usr/bin /usr/sbin for user ones. sbin stands for "static
binaries" for commands needed while libs are not available (boot,
recovery, etc). Potentially commands for root. Nowadays we have binaries
and libs on same device so bin sbin are less significant. And of course
since debian merge /usr there is no difference between system and user
commands :

lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root7 17 sept.  2022 bin -> usr/bin
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root7 17 sept.  2022 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root9 17 sept.  2022 lib32 -> usr/lib32
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root9 17 sept.  2022 lib64 -> usr/lib64
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root   10 17 sept.  2022 libx32 -> usr/libx32
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root8 17 sept.  2022 sbin -> usr/sbin

Re: sudoers question

[debian-user]

 wrote:
> On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 10:35:31AM +0200, Michel Verdier wrote:
> > Le 12 mai 2023 tomas a écrit :
> >   
> > >> > `sudo bash` anyone?  
> > >> 
> > >> also quicker done with
> > >> su -  
> > >
> > > But not the same.  
> > 
> > Which differences do you see ?  
> 
> For su, you have to enter the root password. For sudo, there
> are many options, depending on config. Typically you enter
> yours.
> 
> Plus, you can configure which commands (and args) can be done
> by whom, based on user id, local or remote, etc.
> 
> OTOH the sudo system is way more complex than simple su, so
> there's more place where bugs can hide (it has had actual
> issues, btw).
> 
> Security is engineering: always looking for a good tradeoff.
> Not magic.
> 
> (That's why I cringe when people around here scaremonger about
> "you NEED to have a password" and things. People should know
> what they are getting into, for sure, but at the same time they
> should take their own decisions).
> 
> Cheers

Not to mention that su - uses the --login option, whilst sudo bash
doesn't.

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[didier gaumet]

Hello,

some info here:
https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/networking/regulatory.html

Re: iptables and system reboot

[Tom Reed]

>
> On 13/5/23 18:56, Tom Reed wrote:
>> for iptables-save, after system rebooting, does it know where to locate
>> the file?
>
> Yes. That's all taken care of by the iptables-persistent package
>
> Also I made a typo. correction;
>
> sudo nano /etc/iptables/rules.v4
>
> sudo nano /etc/iptables/rules.v6
>

That's all right. Thanks for helps.

tom.

Re: SOLVED:Re: repeat of previous question thathasgoneunansweredseveraltimes.

[Brian]

On Fri 12 May 2023 at 15:27:21 -0400, gene heskett wrote:

> On 5/12/23 14:45, Brian wrote:
> > On Fri 12 May 2023 at 06:23:56 -0400, gene heskett wrote:
> > 
> > [...]
> > 
> > > I'm confused. There is not anything wrong with this machine as a Server.
> > > ALL of this muttering and bitching has been because bookworm clients did 
> > > NOT
> > > work. buster clients work great.
> > 
> > "work(s)" is such vague term. I guess working and non-working are references
> > to
> > 
> >   > All of my bullseye machines are locked out, printer screen at
> >   > localhost:631 is empty, and no printers can be found and added
> > 
> > > How many times do I have to say it is/was a CLIENT problem that only 
> > > exists
> > > for BOOKWORM clients.  The elephant in the room that most have ignored.
> > 
> > THe issue has been fully dealt with. In short:
> > 
> >No local printers leads to an empty localhost:631 and 'lpstat -t'.
> > 
> > THere isn't any issue whatsoever. You seem very reluctant to incorporate 
> > this
> > basic fact into your thinking. THe room is empty.
> > 
> > May we have 'lpstat -t' from a buster machine that is not bpi54?
> 
> This is buster, running a milling machine in the garage

[Informative info from a number of machines snupped.]

All the displayed queues are local and have either been set up manually 
(ipp://...)
or autmatically by cups-browsed (implicitclass://...). A manual setup on a
bullseye machine would involve the raw or everywhere model. A client.conf is an
is an alternative.

-- 
Brian.

Re: iptables and system reboot

[jeremy ardley]

On 13/5/23 18:56, Tom Reed wrote:

for iptables-save, after system rebooting, does it know where to locate
the file?


Yes. That's all taken care of by the iptables-persistent package

Also I made a typo. correction;

sudo nano /etc/iptables/rules.v4

sudo nano /etc/iptables/rules.v6

--

Jeremy

Re: iptables and system reboot

[Tom Reed]

>
> On 13/5/23 18:48, Tom Reed wrote:
>> How to recovery iptable rules after system rebooting?
>> I know I can put a @reboot crontab for this but there is maybe the
>> better
>> way.
>
>
> sudo apt install iptables-persistent
>
> sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4
>
> sudo ip6tables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v6
>

for iptables-save, after system rebooting, does it know where to locate
the file?

Thanks.

Re: iptables and system reboot

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 13/5/23 18:48, Tom Reed wrote:

How to recovery iptable rules after system rebooting?
I know I can put a @reboot crontab for this but there is maybe the better
way.



sudo apt install iptables-persistent

sudo iptables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v4

sudo ip6tables-save > /etc/iptables/rules.v6

sudo nano /etc/rules.v4

sudo nano /etc/rules.v6

--
Jeremy
(Lists)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Nicolas George]

jeremy ardley (12023-05-13):
> In some cases sudo is actually required and in some cases it makes no
> difference.

If you use sudo just to run programs that are not in the default path
but do not require privileges, then please keep away from any system I
administrate and refrain from giving advice to anybody who might
co-administrate with me.

-- 
  Nicolas George


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 13/5/23 18:46, jeremy ardley wrote:

Some programs are on the root path and some on the user path and most 
(all?) on both.


Correction

Most (all?) are on the root path, not including programs specific to a user or 
application.

--
Jeremy
(Lists)

iptables and system reboot

[Tom Reed]

Hello

How to recovery iptable rules after system rebooting?
I know I can put a @reboot crontab for this but there is maybe the better
way.

Thanks

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[jeremy ardley]

On 13/5/23 18:36, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:

Ip is by default in /bin, perhaps because it's more "modern". Ifconfig
has always been in /sbin, long before Debian existed.

--
Some programs are on the root path and some on the user path and most 
(all?) on both.


The exact reasons are in the mists of time, but it seems likely the 
powers didn't want users to routinely use programs better run by 
adminstrators.


Using sudo automatically gives you the root path so you can run programs 
'better run by admins' without extra work figuring out paths and any 
local variations.


In some cases sudo is actually required and in some cases it makes no 
difference.




Jeremy

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Nicolas George]

hl (12023-05-13):
> root@debian:~# /sbin/ifconfig  wlx12345 list regdomain
> list: Unknown host

Told you ifconfig was a red herring.

-- 
  Nicolas George


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[hl]

On 5/13/23 18:01, Vincent Lefevre wrote:

On 2023-05-13 17:19:01 +0800, hl wrote:

but ifconfig isn't available in buster

I've used it for many years, and it is still there, currently in
the net-tools package (try "apt-file search bin/ifconfig").


Thank Vincent! i install net-tools, but it doesn't work as i have hoped

root@debian:~# /sbin/ifconfig  wlx12345 list regdomain
list: Unknown host
ifconfig: `--help' gives usage information.
root@debian:~#

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 06:23:00PM +0800, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> 
> On 13/5/23 18:17, Nicolas George wrote:
> > This is your interpretation, not an official stance. It might as well be
> > that they considered polluting the completion namespace of users with a
> > command they rarely need was less convenient.
> 
> The actual reason is they have deprecated it in favour of the ip command but 
> left it available for now with a bit of searching.

Again: no.

Ip is by default in /bin, perhaps because it's more "modern". Ifconfig
has always been in /sbin, long before Debian existed.

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: sudoers question

[Nicolas George]

DdB (12023-05-13):
> The kind of mistakes, any user (including yourself) can initiate, grows
> considerably, if he can use any commands without even thinking.

You are right with this principle but you are mistaken in applying it.
If you want to teach users to think before typing the password, then
making sure commands that are obviously harmless do not ask for the
password.

There are harmless commands that for some reason require privileges.
Configuring sudo to permit them without password is a good idea.

Regards,

-- 
  Nicolas George


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 06:14:57PM +0800, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> 
> On 13/5/23 18:07, Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> > You should learn what a run path is. A "command not found" just means
> > that the command isn't in your path. So, provide the path explicitly
> > or add /sbin to $PATH.
> 
> The reason it's not on the path is because the Debian designers thought it 
> would best if users did not routinely run it

Sorry for being blunt: this is nonsense. Unices have been giving
root a different PATH by default since I know them (and this is
already longer than I care to admit).
 
Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 06:02:18PM +0800, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> 
> On 13/5/23 17:57, Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> > Moreover, it should not be necessary to be root: you are just
> > reading non-private data. However, "list countries" does not
> > seem to exist.
> 
> Debian 11 seems to have a different opinion on who can run ifconfig. Sudo or 
> root is required.

Nonsense.

> jeremy@client:~$ ifconfig enp8s0
> bash: ifconfig: command not found
> jeremy@client:~$ sudo ifconfig enp8s0
> enp8s0: flags=4098  mtu 1500
> ether 0c:9d:92:75:b4:f7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
> RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
> RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
> TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
> TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

You achieve the same effect as regular user if you say /sbin/ifconfig.

That's because sudo is in /sbin (or, perhaps, in /usr/sbin, for the
young'uns), which by default isn't in a regular user's PATH. That's
all. That's not an "opinion" of Debian (I had that already in HP/UX
around 1995 or so).

Only if you try to do root-y things (change an interface's IP, for
example) you'll need root privileges.

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Nicolas George]

Jeremy Ardley (12023-05-13):
> The actual reason is they have deprecated it in favour of the ip command

 No it is not the actual reason, as ifconfig has been in /sbin
since way before ip existed.

-- 
  Nicolas George


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: sudoers question

[tomas]

On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 10:35:31AM +0200, Michel Verdier wrote:
> Le 12 mai 2023 tomas a écrit :
> 
> >> > `sudo bash` anyone?
> >> 
> >> also quicker done with
> >> su -
> >
> > But not the same.
> 
> Which differences do you see ?

For su, you have to enter the root password. For sudo, there
are many options, depending on config. Typically you enter
yours.

Plus, you can configure which commands (and args) can be done
by whom, based on user id, local or remote, etc.

OTOH the sudo system is way more complex than simple su, so
there's more place where bugs can hide (it has had actual
issues, btw).

Security is engineering: always looking for a good tradeoff.
Not magic.

(That's why I cringe when people around here scaremonger about
"you NEED to have a password" and things. People should know
what they are getting into, for sure, but at the same time they
should take their own decisions).

Cheers
-- 
t


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 13/5/23 18:17, Nicolas George wrote:

This is your interpretation, not an official stance. It might as well be
that they considered polluting the completion namespace of users with a
command they rarely need was less convenient.


The actual reason is they have deprecated it in favour of the ip command but 
left it available for now with a bit of searching.

--
Jeremy
(Lists)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Nicolas George]

Jeremy Ardley (12023-05-13):
> The reason it's not on the path is because the Debian designers
> thought it would best if users did not routinely run it

This is your interpretation, not an official stance. It might as well be
that they considered polluting the completion namespace of users with a
command they rarely need was less convenient.

Regards,

-- 
  Nicolas George


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 13/5/23 18:07, Vincent Lefevre wrote:

You should learn what a run path is. A "command not found" just means
that the command isn't in your path. So, provide the path explicitly
or add /sbin to $PATH.


The reason it's not on the path is because the Debian designers thought it 
would best if users did not routinely run it

You can configure your way around most things and likely get up to all sorts of 
mischief.

In a list with a wide variety of users, sticking to showing how to use the 
standard configuration will be helpful to more people

--
Jeremy
(Lists)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2023-05-13 18:02:18 +0800, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> 
> On 13/5/23 17:57, Vincent Lefevre wrote:
> > Moreover, it should not be necessary to be root: you are just
> > reading non-private data. However, "list countries" does not
> > seem to exist.
> 
> Debian 11 seems to have a different opinion on who can run ifconfig.
> Sudo or root is required.

Wrong.

> jeremy@client:~$ ifconfig enp8s0
> bash: ifconfig: command not found
> jeremy@client:~$ sudo ifconfig enp8s0
> enp8s0: flags=4098  mtu 1500
[...]

You should learn what a run path is. A "command not found" just means
that the command isn't in your path. So, provide the path explicitly
or add /sbin to $PATH.

zira:~> ifconfig enp0s25
enp0s25: flags=4163  mtu 1500
ether 30:8d:99:25:ad:3f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
device interrupt 20  memory 0xd210-d212  

No need to be root or use sudo (I've always had /sbin in my path).

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2023-05-13 17:56:48 +0800, jeremy ardley wrote:
> 
> On 13/5/23 17:51, Nicolas George wrote:
> > Also, ifconfig has nothing to do with wireless, so it was a red herring
> > from the start.
> 
> wlan0 is an interface like any other and ifconfig works with it

For me, since the wireless interface is wlp61s0:

zira:~> ifconfig wlp61s0 list countries
list: Unknown host
ifconfig: `--help' gives usage information.

What you gave is unknown to ifconfig.

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Nicolas George]

jeremy ardley (12023-05-13):
> wlan0 is an interface like any other and ifconfig works with it
> 
> Your issue is you don't have a wlan0 on your particular system so you got an
> error.

 Check before saying something wrong.

-- 
  Nicolas George


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 13/5/23 17:57, Vincent Lefevre wrote:

Moreover, it should not be necessary to be root: you are just
reading non-private data. However, "list countries" does not
seem to exist.


Debian 11 seems to have a different opinion on who can run ifconfig. Sudo or 
root is required.

jeremy@client:~$ ifconfig enp8s0
bash: ifconfig: command not found
jeremy@client:~$ sudo ifconfig enp8s0
enp8s0: flags=4098  mtu 1500
ether 0c:9d:92:75:b4:f7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0



--
Jeremy
(Lists)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2023-05-13 17:19:01 +0800, hl wrote:
> but ifconfig isn't available in buster

I've used it for many years, and it is still there, currently in
the net-tools package (try "apt-file search bin/ifconfig").

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Vincent Lefevre]

On 2023-05-13 17:41:14 +0800, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> On 13/5/23 17:38, Jeremy Ardley wrote:
> > ifconfig needs to be run as root or sudo. e.g.
> > 
> > sudoifconfig wlan0 list countries
> 
> Wrong.
> 
> sudo ifconfig wlan0 list countries

Wrong again. You must not use no-break spaces.

Moreover, it should not be necessary to be root: you are just
reading non-private data. However, "list countries" does not
seem to exist.

-- 
Vincent Lefèvre  - Web: 
100% accessible validated (X)HTML - Blog: 
Work: CR INRIA - computer arithmetic / AriC project (LIP, ENS-Lyon)

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[jeremy ardley]

On 13/5/23 17:51, Nicolas George wrote:

Also, ifconfig has nothing to do with wireless, so it was a red herring
from the start.


wlan0 is an interface like any other and ifconfig works with it

Your issue is you don't have a wlan0 on your particular system so you 
got an error.


The OP indicated they do have a wlan0, so lets see what they find 
without speculating.


--


Jeremy

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Nicolas George]

Jeremy Ardley (12023-05-13):
> ifconfig needs to be run as root or sudo. e.g.

Wrong.

cigaes@ssecem ~ $ sudo ifconfig wlan0 list countries
wlan0 list co: error fetching interface information: Device not found

cigaes@ssecem ~ $ /sbin/ifconfig wlan0 list countries
wlan0 list co: error fetching interface information: Device not found

I so wish people would be careful in making the difference between a
problem of path and a problem of permissions.

Also, ifconfig has nothing to do with wireless, so it was a red herring
from the start.


signature.asc
Description: PGP signature

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 13/5/23 17:38, Jeremy Ardley wrote:



ifconfig needs to be run as root or sudo. e.g.

sudoifconfig wlan0 list countries



Wrong.

sudo ifconfig wlan0 list countries


--
Jeremy
(Lists)

Stable and testing together?

[Hans]

Hi folks,

there is a question, which is in my mind for many years. 

Is there any reason, why not using oldstable, stable and testing together?

I am asking this, because sometimes I need packages, whcih are no more in 
testing or stable (for example an older kernel, which is capable to run on my 
hardware and supports NVidia drivers), or maybe the kernel is from stable, but 
the Nvidia driver (in my example) is no more in the stable or testing repo. Or 
some needed software is fiully disappeared from testing or stable.

In the past, I never got into problems, having "stable" and "testing" together 
in my sources.list. I always either get the newest versions from testing or I 
have to install the version in stable. This is ok for me. 

Also some packages I personally need, which are no more in testing but in 
stable can be installed and run without any problems.

Yes, it is clear for me, that I might need to install stuff, not needed in 
pure testing (like some libs, old java, old compiler versions whatever), but I 
suppose, this is the price I have to pay. 

I know, from the security side that should not me accepted (KISS priciple), 
but what can one do, if either the developers can not switch to new libs or it 
is technically not possible at all?

So, do you see any more problems, I missed somehow? Or is it ok from your 
view, running testing and stable entries in the sources.list together?

Thanks for reading this! And I am looking forward to the next release in June.

Best regards

Hans  

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[Jeremy Ardley]

On 13/5/23 17:19, hl wrote:


To view the current list of regulatory domains and SKUs:

 # ifconfig wlan0 list countries

To view the current regulatory domain frequency and operating modes:

 # ifconfig wlan0 list regdomain


but ifconfig isn't available in buster


ifconfig needs to be run as root or sudo. e.g.

sudoifconfig wlan0 list countries

--
Jeremy
(Lists)

how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[hl]

freebsd ask me regdomain/country of wifi when i set up wifi

my wifi works in buster, how to find out regdomain/country it uses?

https://wiki.freebsd.org/action/show/WiFi/RegulatoryDomainSupport?action=show&redirect=WiFiRegulatory

To view the current list of regulatory domains and SKUs:

 # ifconfig wlan0 list countries

To view the current regulatory domain frequency and operating modes:

 # ifconfig wlan0 list regdomain


but ifconfig isn't available in buster

Re: sudoers question

[Michel Verdier]

Le 12 mai 2023 tomas a écrit :

>> > `sudo bash` anyone?
>> 
>> also quicker done with
>> su -
>
> But not the same.

Which differences do you see ?