Re: OPLL emulation

1999-07-15 Thread Leonard Silva de Oliveira

Maarten ter Huurne wrote:
> 
> At 09:24 AM 7/15/99 -0300, you wrote:
> 
> >OPL1 is contained inside the OPL2 used by AdLib cards. The
> >OPL1 part of OPL2 chips is register-compatible with OPL1
> >chips and delivers exactly the same output.
> 
> I thought that OPL2 didn't include the ADPCM part.
> 
> Bye,
> Maarten
> 

 Hey ... Lemme talk about this ... I once used to fix some
Sound Blaster cards for friends ... (We can learn a lot of things about
hardware by just looking closely and thinking about. Also some 
research on Internet helps a lot ! )  ;)

 Sound blaster cards has a device called DSP , wich plays PCM data.
It relies on a DMA, some I/O ports and a IRQ channel.
 It works as a sort of "buffered" PCM, It caches a "chunk" of the pcm
data sent by the PC microprocessor. When it finishes playing that
"chunk"
the DSP issues a IRQ signal , wich warns the PCM driver to transfer
another
data chunk to the DSP. That device is 100% independant from the fm synth
hardware.

 Also , this DSP emulates the MIDI UART on the older SB 16 (non PNP)
cards. 

 On the MSXOPL (Y8950) by what I know the access to ADPCM device are
made within the
FM synth registers. (Correct me if I'm wrong , please)

 The registers are organized somehow as this :
 
 0xORG   - 0xORG+3   OPL3 registers  (In I/O order like 0x0C4 order for
OPL4 in MSX)  
 0xORG+4 - 0xORG+5   Mixer registers (ORG + 4 ADDR / ORG + 5 Data ,
Yamaha I/O Stile)
 0xORG+6 DSP Reset
 0xORG+8 - 0xORG+9   Mirror off 0xORG - 0xORG+1
 0xORG+A DSP Read data
 0xORG+C DSP Write data (Also DSP Status when read on.
Output in MSB)
 0xORG+E DSP Status (MSB)
 
 Fixed I/O (For ADLIB/ADLIB Gold compatibility)

 0x388 - 0x38B   Mirror of the OPL3 FM Synthetizer chip. 
(The old Adlib & Adlib Gold cards had no PCM device)

 All other ports inclued on the SB-PRO/16 hardware (Joystick & midi
port) were not
rellevant to be commented here ! ;)

 The OPL3 chip used on PC sound cards could be really used easily to
partially emulate
MSX Audio (the ADPCM emulation , I think that could be a little tricky). 
 the hardware (the exeption is the FM part) is VERY diferent from the
MSX hardware.

 I think people already didn't that because there is a HUGE distance
between speech and
a working thing . =)  (Don't ya agree ?)


 I hope I helped the understanding on that matter with this small info
...


 Cya MSXers ...


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Re: Machine Language

1999-07-15 Thread Adriano Camargo Rodrigues da Cunha


> This is indeed the correct usage of the words machine language and assembly 
> language. It is a fact that a lot of people say machine language when they 
> actually mean assembly language. Most self-proclaimed machine language 
> programmers are actually assembler language programmers. Only real hackers 
> can read and write machine language directly. They now the hexadecimal 
> opcodes by hart. A very rare race these days...

Cool! So I suppose I'm in the "risk extintion group", since I can
code directly in hex. Well, mainly for Z80, 'cause I'm too lazy to
memorize all those 80x86 codes... :)


Adriano Camargo Rodrigues da Cunha   ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Engenharia de Computacao - UNICAMP
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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread Tristan

> Below, you can find the registersettings needed to reproduce the opll
> hardware instruments on an OPL1. With thanks to Bernard Lamers and Hans
> Guijt for this information:
> 
> Nr Register settingsName

Are these extracted from the OPLL chip (they are not in the msx-music 
rom afaik) or are these approximations?

> For most fm-pac based games, you don't hear any difference between a real
> MSX and fMSX amiga!

Also if you play, say, the Microcabin bgms (which use some 
strange OPLL tricks)?


Tristan 

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Re: Machine Language

1999-07-15 Thread Alex Wulms

] Adriano Camargo Rodrigues da Cunha wrote:
] > Maybe better saying "assembly language"? :)
] 
] Yeah, perhaps :)
] 
] That's not what I originally meant, but
] I'm unsure if I could explain it in
] english.
] 
] I remember when I programmed assembly for
] Apple II I used to call the hex dumps
] "machine language", and "assembly" the
] mnemonics for the opcodes (and, for
] extension, the language of the programs'
] sourcecodes)... =)

This is indeed the correct usage of the words machine language and assembly 
language. It is a fact that a lot of people say machine language when they 
actually mean assembly language. Most self-proclaimed machine language 
programmers are actually assembler language programmers. Only real hackers 
can read and write machine language directly. They now the hexadecimal 
opcodes by hart. A very rare race these days...


Kind regards,
Alex Wulms

-- 
Alex Wulms/XelaSoft - MSX of anders NIX - Linux 4 ever
See my homepage for info on the  *** XSA *** format
http://www.inter.nl.net/users/A.P.Wulms




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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread Alex Wulms

] Alex Wulms wrote:
] > Differences are minor. In general, you can say
] > that the OPL1 is a superset of the OPLL. There
] > are only two functions which the OPLL has but
] > which the OPL1 does not have:
] 
] Anyway, this was my point. `:) I didn't say that
] OPL1 couldn't emulate OPLL (just making sure I
] was not misunderstood). In fact, I don't see why
] we couldn't actually improve the quality of the
] presets via emulation. fMSX-DOS could do this
] using General MIDI, if we could customize the
] way it assigns MIDI patches and the drumkit.
] 
] (...)
] > Hans Guijt has used this information to emulate the fm-pac on fMSX amiga,
] > using the OPL3 of an amiga sound extension card.
] > For most fm-pac based games, you don't hear any difference between a real MSX
] > and fMSX amiga!
] 
] This is pretty cool. I wished fMSX-DOS had this
] sound quality. <:) What about the drum samples?
] Do they sound the same?
The FM drums of the 6/5 mode in the OPLL are exactly the same as the FM drums 
of the 6/5 mode of the OPL1 and compatibles (like OPL2, OPL3, OPL4, ...)


Kind regards,
Alex Wulms
-- 
Alex Wulms/XelaSoft - MSX of anders NIX - Linux 4 ever
See my homepage for info on the  *** XSA *** format
http://www.inter.nl.net/users/A.P.Wulms




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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread Alex Wulms

] On Thu, 15 Jul 1999, AkA DanSHakU wrote:
] 
] > > Second, AFAIK that OPL is not equal to the OPLL used on
] > > the FM-PAC (MSX-Music). I know of no way to create the OPLL hardware
] > > voices on an OPLx chip, unless there is some way to extracht OPL data
] > > for these voices from the OPLL.
] > 
] > do a romdump of the fm-pac
] 
] You can get a romdump of the original FMPAC cartridge in
] http://www.lsi.usp.br/~ricardo/brmsxdl.htm
A romdump won't help you much. The instrument definitions are hardcoded in 
the OPLL chip. Not in the ROM. Anyway, the instrument definitions have also 
been published in one of the MSX datapacks. You can find exact details in 
some other message of me on the mailinglist.

Kind regards,
Alex Wulms


-- 
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See my homepage for info on the  *** XSA *** format
http://www.inter.nl.net/users/A.P.Wulms




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Re: FDC (was: UZIX & DOS2)

1999-07-15 Thread Alex Wulms

] On Thu, 15 Jul 1999, Alex Wulms wrote:
] 
] > ] Is Wavy supported by FastCopy?
] > Yes. See my homepage for the drivers.
] 
] Right! Thanks. Could you send us an overview about Wavy FDC?
Wavy contains the TC8566AF, just like the MSX turbo R. A couple of weeks ago 
I sent the TC8566AF datasheets to somebody in Brazil. I don't remember his 
name at this moment.

Anyway, I'm still planning to scan the TC8566AF datasheets some day and put 
them on my homepage.


Kind regards,
Alex Wulms
-- 
Alex Wulms/XelaSoft - MSX of anders NIX - Linux 4 ever
See my homepage for info on the  *** XSA *** format
http://www.inter.nl.net/users/A.P.Wulms




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Re: OPLL emulation

1999-07-15 Thread Maarten ter Huurne

At 09:24 AM 7/15/99 -0300, you wrote:

>OPL1 is contained inside the OPL2 used by AdLib cards. The
>OPL1 part of OPL2 chips is register-compatible with OPL1
>chips and delivers exactly the same output.

I thought that OPL2 didn't include the ADPCM part.

Bye,
Maarten



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sorry

1999-07-15 Thread Alex Wulms

Dear all,

Sorry to bother you with this test messages. Just migrated to a new linux 
distribution and I'm testing my new email setup.


Kind regards,
Alex Wulms



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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vsreal thing)

1999-07-15 Thread Marco Antonio Simon dal Poz

On Thu, 15 Jul 1999, AkA DanSHakU wrote:

> > Second, AFAIK that OPL is not equal to the OPLL used on
> > the FM-PAC (MSX-Music). I know of no way to create the OPLL hardware
> > voices on an OPLx chip, unless there is some way to extracht OPL data
> > for these voices from the OPLL.
> 
> do a romdump of the fm-pac

You can get a romdump of the original FMPAC cartridge in
http://www.lsi.usp.br/~ricardo/brmsxdl.htm

Go to the bottom of the page and see FMPAC.ROM

Greetings from Brazil!

-
Marco Antonio Simon Dal Pozhttp://www.lsi.usp.br/~mdalpoz
[EMAIL PROTECTED]   "Apple" (c) Copyright 1767, Sir Isaac Newton

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Re: FDC (was: UZIX & DOS2)

1999-07-15 Thread Marco Antonio Simon dal Poz

On Thu, 15 Jul 1999, Alex Wulms wrote:

> ] Is Wavy supported by FastCopy?
> Yes. See my homepage for the drivers.

Right! Thanks. Could you send us an overview about Wavy FDC?

Greetings from Brazil!

-
Marco Antonio Simon Dal Pozhttp://www.lsi.usp.br/~mdalpoz
[EMAIL PROTECTED]   "Apple" (c) Copyright 1767, Sir Isaac Newton

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Re: Machine Language

1999-07-15 Thread Pablo Vasques Bravo-Villalba

Adriano Camargo Rodrigues da Cunha wrote:
> Maybe better saying "assembly language"? :)

Yeah, perhaps :)

That's not what I originally meant, but
I'm unsure if I could explain it in
english.

I remember when I programmed assembly for
Apple II I used to call the hex dumps
"machine language", and "assembly" the
mnemonics for the opcodes (and, for
extension, the language of the programs'
sourcecodes)... =)

> MSX-TR:I have one.And you?

I don't. But I'd like to. `:)

[]s,
Parn


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Machine Language

1999-07-15 Thread Adriano Camargo Rodrigues da Cunha


Pablo,

> * machine language. I don't know if
> this has the same meaning outside
> Brazil... <:)

Maybe better saying "assembly language"? :)
What we call, in portuguese, "linguagem de maquina" or "linguagem
de montagem" or, yet, "linguagem assembly", also erroneous called
"assembler" (an "assembler" is a program to make assembly programs - in
portuguese, the best translation is "montador").


Adriano Camargo Rodrigues da Cunha   ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Engenharia de Computacao - UNICAMP
http://www.adrpage.cjb.net   MSX-TR:I have one.And you?

* To "shut down" your system, type "WIN" at the DOS prompt. *



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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread AkA DanSHakU

Pablo Vasques Bravo-Villalba wrote:
> 
> AkA DanSHakU wrote:
> > Wasn't OPLL the LANGUAGE to program the opl in the pac?..
>
> No way! :) It's a soundchip by Yamaha.

Ok... my mistake... just got a bit confused... i thought that OPL1 was
the chip and OPLL was the BASIC language...sigh...it's been so long
ago..
sigh...

> To program the OPLL you use its sound
> registers, which are ultimately set by
> some ML* program. <:)

yeah,yeah...i know... i used to design fm sounds.. (AAARRRGHHH).. :))


greetz
akai


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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread Pablo Vasques Bravo-Villalba

AkA DanSHakU wrote:
> Wasn't OPLL the LANGUAGE to program the opl in the pac?..

No way! :) It's a soundchip by Yamaha.
To program the OPLL you use its sound
registers, which are ultimately set by
some ML* program. <:)

You could create a music in Basic, but
it's the macrolanguage interpreter (in
ML, of course) who really program the
OPLL.

[]s,
Parn

* machine language. I don't know if
this has the same meaning outside
Brazil... <:)


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Re: Black boxes (Was "Re: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing")

1999-07-15 Thread AkA DanSHakU

Maurizio wrote:
> 
> Take some black boxes.
> 
> Give the same imput to all the boxes.
> 
> Watch the outputs.
> 
> If the output is the same for all the boxes, the boxes are identical
> regardless what there is inside each one.

good...now we only need a keyboard, tv-out and tv emulator :)

grtz
akai

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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread AkA DanSHakU

Wasn't OPLL the LANGUAGE to program the opl in the pac?..

greetz
akai

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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread Pablo Vasques Bravo-Villalba

Alex Wulms wrote:
> Differences are minor. In general, you can say
> that the OPL1 is a superset of the OPLL. There
> are only two functions which the OPLL has but
> which the OPL1 does not have:

Anyway, this was my point. `:) I didn't say that
OPL1 couldn't emulate OPLL (just making sure I
was not misunderstood). In fact, I don't see why
we couldn't actually improve the quality of the
presets via emulation. fMSX-DOS could do this
using General MIDI, if we could customize the
way it assigns MIDI patches and the drumkit.

(...)
> Hans Guijt has used this information to emulate the fm-pac on fMSX amiga,
> using the OPL3 of an amiga sound extension card.
> For most fm-pac based games, you don't hear any difference between a real MSX
> and fMSX amiga!

This is pretty cool. I wished fMSX-DOS had this
sound quality. <:) What about the drum samples?
Do they sound the same?

[]s,
Parn


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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread AkA DanSHakU

Tristan wrote:
> 
> > Each and every ad-lib compatible soundcard can emulate FM Pac and FM-part
> > of music module, since the ad-lib contains the OPL1 FM-Chip. Each sound
> > blaster compatible soundcard can emulate FM Pac, FM-part of music module
> > and ADPCM part of music module, since the soundblaster contains both the
> > OPL1 and a DA converter.
> 
> This is only partly true. First, the OPL chip used on ADLIBs is not
> called OPL1. 

Yeah, but does it have the same operators?... i think it
does..(allthough i never
checked)

> Second, AFAIK that OPL is not equal to the OPLL used on
> the FM-PAC (MSX-Music). I know of no way to create the OPLL hardware
> voices on an OPLx chip, unless there is some way to extracht OPL data
> for these voices from the OPLL.

do a romdump of the fm-pac

> However, the sound of OPLL songs played through OPLx compatible FM
> chips is _almost_ the same.
 
this is propably due to post-occilator filtering... FM synthesis
produces a lot of harmonics and non-harmonics and most of them get very
noisy in the upper spectrum .. to make fm sound good to the human ear
you need to filter yamaha has been developing on this bit a lot
since the first fm synth came out (Yamaha DX-7) 
i'm sure that the filters used in the fm-pac opl have different
algorithms than say a soundblaster opl.

I'm not sure but there might be another source for difference ... Yamaha
COULD (but i'm completely unsure about this) have boosted the operators
resolution. this would mean
that what used to sound like digital noise on the pac now actually sound
like metalic noise

> It's just a matter of how high your standards are set, realy

completely true... i mean, to get the REAL fm-pac sound you'd have to
connect your pc sound to a crappy monitor or tv... :))

greetz,
akai

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Re: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing

1999-07-15 Thread AkA DanSHakU

Coen van der Geest wrote:
> 
> Hi there,
> 
> >But if I run an MSX1 game on BrMSX, using a video card with TV-out and an
> >MSX joystick connected to the PC, and I hide the PC itself from sight, can
> >you tell the difference with a real MSX1?
> 
> Did I hear Turing Test? *grin* (OK, someone already used that joke B4,
> but I liked it).
> 
> >I don't mind if a few crappy coded games won't run. If BrMSX can run MSX1
> >games as well as my 8250 can, it's close enough to perfect for me.
> 
> The problem is that sound chips like the FM Pac can't be emulated
> correctly, since the A/D (that's D/A ed.) Convertor of (for example) the SoundBlaster
> can't produce FM sounds. 

a fmpac cannot be emulated on ANY d/a convertor... an d/a convertor is
just that, an Digital-to-analouge convertor... kick it... spit at it...
but it will not give one sigh.. you realy need to apply an digital sound
source to get a signal from it... 
btw... didn't the soundblaster 16 have an OPL3 or OPL4? 

> It is very hard to emulate the FM Pac, which is
> kind of an analogue synth. 

nope... fm-pac has a FM synth inside which is digital...
i challange you to name one analouge signal processing step in the
fm-pac (except for 
any amps) 

> Compare it with Rebirth emulating the
> (analogue) TB303 synth. 

are you saying that you can compare an FM-Pac to ReBirth?
if so you are wrong (and i hate saying this) again completely
different technology 
if you mean that you'd have to use ReBirth-like technologies to 
emulate an FM-Pac then i'd say forget it emulating an fm sound
generator
using tiny samples is near to impossible due to the complexity of FM
sound...
The only option i see is that you do some reading on FM and write code
that emulates
the fm-operators... this way you can make any fm sound on any d/a
convertor..
FM is actually quite simple... you take one wave and multiply it with
another to change
the sound... 

> Emulators like KGen (Megadrive/Genesis) use this
> technology. 

yeah, but megadrive didn't have an FM chip, did it?

> BTW: I love emulators. Great hobby.

If i ever found some time i'm sure i'd be doing emulators as well... :))

greetz,
akai

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Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread Alex Wulms

] Tristan wrote:
] > This is only partly true. First, the OPL chip used on ADLIBs is not
] > called OPL1. Second, AFAIK that OPL is not equal to the OPLL used on
] 
] OPL1 is contained inside the OPL2 used by AdLib cards. The
] OPL1 part of OPL2 chips is register-compatible with OPL1
] chips and delivers exactly the same output. And you're
] right, OPL1 is not the same as OPLL + something. It is
] indeed a different beast. :)
Differences are minor. In general, you can say that the OPL1 is a superset of 
the OPLL.

There are only two functions which the OPLL has but which the OPL1 does not 
have:
DC bit: Carrier wave is rectified to half wave (kind of distortion effect)
DM bit: Modulated wave is rectified to half wave (kind of distortion effect)

I haven't got a clue if an OPL2 does have this functionality.

Below, you can find the registersettings needed to reproduce the opll 
hardware instruments on an OPL1. With thanks to Bernard Lamers and Hans Guijt 
for this information:

Nr Register settingsName
1  61 61 12 20  b4 56 14 17 (violin)
2  02 41 15 20  a3 a3 75 05 (guitar)
3  31 11 0e 20  d9 b2 11 f4 (piano)
4  61 31 20 20  6c 43 18 26 (flute)
5  a2 30 a0 20  88 54 14 06 (clarinet)
6  31 34 20 20  72 56 0a 1c (oboe)
7  31 71 16 20  51 52 26 24 (trumpet)
8  e1 63 0a 20  fc f8 28 29 (organ)
9  61 71 0d 20  75 f2 18 03 (tube)
a  42 44 0b 20  94 b0 33 f6 (synthesizer)
b  01 00 06 20  a3 e2 f4 f4 (harpsichord)
c  f9 f1 24 20  95 d1 e5 f2 (vibraphone)
d  40 31 89 20  c7 f9 14 04 (synthesizer bass)
e  11 11 11 20  c0 b2 01 f4 (electric piano 2)
f  23 43 09 20  dd bf 4a 05 (electric piano 1)

Meaning of the 8 bytes to define an instrument:
0: AM/VIB/EGTYP/KSR/MULTI modulator
1: AM/VIB/EGTYP/KSR/MULTI carrier
2: KSL/TL modulator
3: KSL/TL carrier (notice: TL carrier is volume instrument!)
4: Attack rate/Decay rate modulator
5: Attack rate/Decay rate carrier
6: Sustain level/Release rate modulator
7: Sustain level/Release rate carrier

Hans Guijt has used this information to emulate the fm-pac on fMSX amiga, 
using the OPL3 of an amiga sound extension card.

For most fm-pac based games, you don't hear any difference between a real MSX 
and fMSX amiga!

Kind regards,
Alex Wulms


-- 
Alex Wulms/XelaSoft - MSX of anders NIX - Linux 4 ever
See my homepage for info on the  *** XSA *** format
http://www.inter.nl.net/users/A.P.Wulms




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Re: FDC (was: UZIX & DOS2)

1999-07-15 Thread Alex Wulms

] Is Wavy supported by FastCopy?
Yes. See my homepage for the drivers.

Kind regards,
Alex Wulms

-- 
Alex Wulms/XelaSoft - MSX of anders NIX - Linux 4 ever
See my homepage for info on the  *** XSA *** format
http://www.inter.nl.net/users/A.P.Wulms




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R: SCC Cartridge

1999-07-15 Thread Duddu



Why don't you buy an SCX ?
Contact me :-)
Bye,
  Stefano
---Fronteddu StefanoStudent in Software 
Engineering[EMAIL PROTECTED][EMAIL PROTECTED][EMAIL PROTECTED]http://members.xoom.it/duddu    
MSX, Sardinia, Robotics, Friendshttp://computer.digiland.it/1461   
MSX Soft Tips PageMember of Miri Software - Italy  http://Frengo.dragonfire.net/MSX.HTMICQ: 
214014540338/3645458

  -Messaggio Originale- 
  Da: RJ 
  A: [EMAIL PROTECTED] 
  Data invio: giovedì 15 luglio 1999 
  17.00
  Oggetto: SCC Cartridge
  
  Hi,
   
  I'm looking for a Konami with SCC. Anyone that 
  can help me
   
  TIA,
  RJ


Re: R: Phoenix project - The new MSX platform pro-standarization

1999-07-15 Thread Frengo

On Tue, 13 Jul 1999 19:59:20 +0200, Maarten ter Huurne wrote:

>Actually I'm not even sure voting is the best solution, since it will not
>just have to be a standard, it will also have to be implemented. If some
>group of "wise men" decides upon a standard and no hardware (or software ;)
>developer wants to build it, it useless...

I think the problem is that we need to choose solutions that are accepted by most of 
Hardware creators
and Software Developers, it's not possible to find a solution that is right for 
everyone .

So we can chose one or two people from every group interested in developing new 
hardware and in
supporting it. This group of people takes part  in the Phoenix Mailing List and report 
the discussion to
his group.

So we have a little group of people that rappresent a lot of people. 

by Frengo

Miri Software MSX Computer System Italy
e-mail : [EMAIL PROTECTED]
HomePage :http://Frengo.dragonfire.net/MSX.HTM
***



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Re: SCC Cartridge

1999-07-15 Thread Richard Gerrits
>> Hi,  I'm looking for a Konami with SCC. Anyone that can  help me  TIA, RJ 

You're not alone.

Greetings Richard


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SCC Cartridge

1999-07-15 Thread RJ



Hi,
 
I'm looking for a Konami with SCC. Anyone that can 
help me
 
TIA,
RJ


Re: OPLL emulation (was: AW: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing)

1999-07-15 Thread Pablo Vasques Bravo-Villalba

Tristan wrote:
> This is only partly true. First, the OPL chip used on ADLIBs is not
> called OPL1. Second, AFAIK that OPL is not equal to the OPLL used on

OPL1 is contained inside the OPL2 used by AdLib cards. The
OPL1 part of OPL2 chips is register-compatible with OPL1
chips and delivers exactly the same output. And you're
right, OPL1 is not the same as OPLL + something. It is
indeed a different beast. :)

[]s,
Parn


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Black boxes (Was "Re: "philosophical" view of emulation vs real thing")

1999-07-15 Thread Maurizio

Take some black boxes.

Give the same imput to all the boxes.

Watch the outputs.

If the output is the same for all the boxes, the boxes are identical
regardless what there is inside each one.

Ciao!
Maurizio Morandi
 
a.k.a MxM Softworks on Msx

$ IN MSX WE TRUST $



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