Re: python2.4 generator expression > python2.3 list expression
snacktime wrote: I need to convert a generator expression to a list expression so it will work under python 2.3. I rewrote this: for c in range(128): even_odd = (sum(bool(c & 1< As this: for c in range(128): bo = [bool(c & 1< Seems to work, is there a better way to do this? If you want to keep it as a generator that doesn't build a list in memory, you can use itertools: import itertools for c in range(128): def _even_odd_func(b): return bool(c & 1< The fact that you used range() instead of xrange() indicates that you may not care about this, though. ;-) -- Michael Hoffman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Moving to Python from PHP - 3 questions
Thank you. My impression of Zope in the past has been that it does what I need, along with 10,000 other things I don't (built in WebDAV server?!), but clearly I owe it another chance. I've been initially attracted to mod_python because of its raw simplicity and its apparent similarity to mod_php and mod_perl, which I am familiar with. I'll give Zope a try. I am moving my band's website from an antiquated and horrible PHPNuke site to a Python-based site, and so have done quite a bit of research about this (though I never considered myself a PHP expert). Here's what I've come up with... [snip] This is awesome, quote a bit to chew on. Thank you Joe! -- michal migurski- contact info, blog, and pgp key: sf/cahttp://mike.teczno.com/contact.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unicode encoding usablilty problem
On Sun, 20 Feb 2005 15:01:09 +0100, Martin v. Löwis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: Nick Coghlan wrote: Having "", u"", and r"" be immutable, while b"" was mutable would seem rather inconsistent. Yes. However, this inconsistency might be desirable. It would, of course, mean that the literal cannot be a singleton. Instead, it has to be a display (?), similar to list or dict displays: each execution of the byte string literal creates a new object. An alternative would be to have "bytestr" be the immutable type corresponding to the current str (with b"" literals producing bytestr's), while reserving the "bytes" name for a mutable byte sequence. Indeed. This maze of options has caused the process to get stuck. People also argue that with such an approach, we could as well tell users to use array.array for the mutable type. But then, people complain that it doesn't have all the library support that strings have. The main point being, the replacement for 'str' needs to be immutable or the upgrade process is going to be a serious PITA. Somebody really needs to take this in his hands, completing the PEP, writing a patch, checking applications to find out what breaks. Regards, Martin What is the processing of getting a PEP work out? Does the work and discussion carry out in the python-dev mailing list? I would be glad to help out especially on this particular issue. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bug in email package?
Roman Suzi <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > >I was playing with email package and discovrered this strange kind of >behaviour: > import email.Message m = email.Message.Message() m['a'] = '123' print m >>From nobody Mon Feb 21 00:12:27 2005 >a: 123 > for i in m: print i >... >Traceback (most recent call last): > File "", line 1, in ? > File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/email/Message.py", line 304, in __getitem__ > return self.get(name) > File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/email/Message.py", line 370, in get > name = name.lower() >AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'lower' Intuitively, what did you expect this to do? I don't see why a single message should be iterable. >I think that if any object (from standard library at least) doesn't support >iteration, it should clearly state so. That's going a bit far. Iteration is a relatively new addition to Python. Those classes that DO support iteration generally say so. If it isn't mentioned, you probaby shouldn't assume it. >Can this behaviour of email be considered a bug? Not in my opinion, no. >Is there a good case to iterate over something useful in a message? Well, if you don't have an answer to that question, then why would you expect it to support iteration? >P.S. rfc822 has the same behaviour, at least on Python 2.3 Again, I'm not sure what, intuitively, it would mean to iterate over an rfc822 object. -- - Tim Roberts, [EMAIL PROTECTED] Providenza & Boekelheide, Inc. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Article on Hi-Fi Myths
Al Christians <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > I learned Friday night that the hi-fi talk is our most popular tape. > This page: > > http://www.belt.demon.co.uk/product/Cable_Controversy/Cable_Controversy.htm > > Gives a somewhat different take on the controversy, almost certainly > bizarre. It's a long page and the interesting part is near the end. > The conclusion is: > > "you just need to know what techniques to use to create a > 'friendly', 'relaxing', energy pattern." I find that playing back Python code over multi-stranded copper produces the best results. http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Fwd: Re: [Uuu-devel] languages] <-- Why Python
[EMAIL PROTECTED] (Paul Boddie) writes: > Mike Meyer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:<[EMAIL PROTECTED]>... >> Arich Chanachai <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: >> >> > When the CLR is integrated, it will allow a wide array of problem >> > solving choices for uuu users. >> >> You've missed the point. Allowing a wide array of problem solving >> choices is a goal, not a means. Instead of concentrating on adding >> langauges, you should be provding an infrastructure that makes adding >> langauges simple. The Plan 9 example does this best, as any language >> that can do file I/O is supported. > > This discussion collides quite nicely with two of the more quoted > articles on software development: > > http://primates.ximian.com/~miguel/bongo-bong.html I've actually done some work on using CORBA as a COM for Unix (or, as I think of it, an ARexx for Unix). After being exposed to Plan 9, I've decided that's a better solution. CORBA has the advantage that you can work on it without getting buy-in from kernel vendors. > In contrast, the standard UNIX model of interprocess communication and > introspection, extended substantially by Plan 9 and more > conservatively by modern UNIX variants, is said to leave something to > be desired, and those wishing more informative details about the > interfaces exposed by programs and services usually end up putting > something more complicated on top - see the emergence of Bonobo, DCOP > and D-BUS. The crucial question isn't whether the underlying mechanism is complete, but whether it's sufficient. The underlying Unix facilities provide byte streams - because that's what Unix does. What that leaves to be desired is a standard high-level way for applications to interact with each other, passing back and forth things that are more complicated than byte streams. Having standars for these high-level objects allows for code reuse and data sharing. This is a good thing, and there's nothing inherently wrong with doing things this way. http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: recommended way of generating HTML from Python
The problem is a problem of standardization, indeed. There plenty of
recipes to
do the same job, I just would like to use a blessed one (I am teaching
a Python
course and I do not know what to recommend to my students).
FWIW, here is a my version of the recipe (stripped down to the bare
essentials)
.def makeattr(dict_or_list_of_pairs):
.dic = dict(dict_or_list_of_pairs)
.return " ".join("%s=%r" % (k, dic[k]) for k in dic)
.class HTMLTag(object):
.def __getattr__(self, name):
.def tag(value, **attr):
."""value can be a string or a sequence of strings."""
.if hasattr(value, "__iter__"): # is iterable
.value = " ".join(value)
.return "<%s %s>%s\n" % (name, makeattr(attr), value,
name)
.return tag
# example:
.html = HTMLTag()
.tableheader = ["field1", "field2"]
.tablebody = [["a1", "a2"],
. ["b1", "b2"]]
.html_header = [html.tr(html.th(el) for el in tableheader)]
.html_table = [html.tr(html.td(el) for el in row) for row in tablebody]
.print html.table(html_header + html_table)
Michele Simionato
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Re: questions concerning cgi.FieldStorage(keep_blank_values=1)
Jonas:
> in this application, i need keys to be delivered with the url, some
with
> and some without value (for example 'script.py?key1&key2=foo'.
You are missing an "=" sign after key1. Confront with this example:
from cgi import parse_qsl
QS = "x=1&y=2&x=3&z=&y=4"
print parse_qsl(QS)
print parse_qsl(QS, keep_blank_values=True)
which gives
[('x', '1'), ('y', '2'), ('x', '3'), ('y', '4')]
[('x', '1'), ('y', '2'), ('x', '3'), ('z', ''), ('y', '4')]
Here the blank value "z=" is converted into "z=''".
Michele Simionato
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Re: help please
Dennis Lee Bieber wrote: On 20 Feb 2005 20:12:50 -0800, "gargonx" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> declaimed the following in comp.lang.python: decode_replacements.update([(std[key], key) for key in std]) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ? AttributeError: keys Did you read the reference manual? Yes, actually. But I generally check only the reference manual for the current version of Python: http://docs.python.org/lib/typesmapping.html which does support sequence arguments for dict.update. As noted there, of course, this support was added for Python 2.4. STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Fwd: Re: [Uuu-devel] languages] <-- Why Python
Nick Coghlan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > Mike Meyer wrote: >> Arich Chanachai <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: >> >>>Mike Meyer wrote: >>> Whatever the intentions may be, the *act* is one of dictation. Since the point of the underlying OS is to increase the interconnections between applications (assuming I've found the correct web page and interpreted it correctly), the underlying architecture should be language-neutral. That allows as many applications as possible to play in the environment. > > *Allowing* other languages is one thing, but that shouldn't preclude > having a 'default' language. On other OS's, the default language is > some form of shell scripting (i.e. Unix shell scripts, or Windows > batch files). It would be good to have a real language to fill that > role. Um - I'd say Unix has no default language. Traditional Eunices come with a nice selection of languages (sh, awk, sed, C), and modern ones include more (C++, Perl, Python, Ruby, Lua). Tagging one as the "default" does a disservice to the other languages, and to the OS as a whole. For that matter, I'd say that these days the default on Windows is VB, unless there are hooks to talk to COM from batch files, since COM is the standard scripting mechanism on Windows. Note that by providing a scripting mechanism instead of a scripting language, you can script applications with Python as or more easily than you can script them with the MS provided solution of VB. >> You've missed the point. Allowing a wide array of problem solving >> choices is a goal, not a means. Instead of concentrating on adding >> langauges, you should be provding an infrastructure that makes adding >> langauges simple. The Plan 9 example does this best, as any language >> that can do file I/O is supported. > Still, the builtin shell is going to need *some* form of scripting > support. And if that looks like IPython's shell mode, so much the > better. Scripting support shouldn't "look like" a language, it should look like a mechanism for hooking languages up to the system being scripted. Shells are a particularly easy hookup, as they have only three types of objects to deal with - commands, command results, and text streams. Any language which lets you invoke commands and manipulate the results of those commands and text streams is sufficient for shell scripting. IPython's pysh seems a little clumsy for interactive use, as it requires special characters to distinguish between commands to be passed to the shell and commands to be passed to the scripting language. This should be contrasted with languages designed for working in a command environment, like Rexx, sh and rc. > Anyway, the reason to prefer Python to LISP for something like this, > is that Python reads much more naturally for most people, whereas LISP > requires that you write things 'out of order'. I'll say it again - if you're arguing about which language to use, you're arguing about the wrong thing. http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: unicode encoding usablilty problem
On Sat, 19 Feb 2005 18:44:27 +0100, Fredrik Lundh <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
wrote:
"aurora" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
I don't want to mix them. But how could I find them? How do I know
this statement can be
potential problem
if a==b:
where a and b can be instantiated individually far away from this line
of code that put them
together?
if you don't know what a and b comes from, how can you be sure that
your program works at all? how can you be sure they're both strings?
("a op b" can fail in many ways, depending on what "a", "b", and "op"
are)
a and b are both string. The issue is 8-bit string or unicode string.
Things works fine, unit tests pass, all until the first non-ASCII
characters
come in and then the program breaks.
if you have unit tests, why don't they include Unicode tests?
How do I structure the test cases to guarantee coverage? It is not
practical to test every combinations of unicode/8-bit strings. Adding
non-ascii characters to test data probably make problem pop up earlier.
But it is arduous and it is hard to spot if you left out any.
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IDLE Problem: win98\Python2.4
This sure seems like it would have been brought up but I checked Google Groups (the dejanews replacement) and saw nothing: I installed Python2.4 in Win98 and IDLE doesn't work (neither does the online manual even tho a 3.6KB Python24.chm is there, but that's a story for another day) - that is, clicking on the IDLE icon in the Start menu just gives a brief hourglass cursor and then nothing . . . >From a DOS prompt (in C:\Python24) I can do 'python lib\idlelib\idle.py' and get a list of errors, not being able to find tcl8.4 in a number of paths, none of which exist in the c:\python24 as installed. I moved tcl84.lib into a directory it does search and got fewer errors msg's, the last being like 'can't find a usable init.tcl.' Moved init.tcl to the same dir as tcl84.lib, got even fewer errors, the last being like "_tkinter.TclError: invalid cmd name "tcl_findLibrary" So I'm stuck. I uninstalled Py2.4, installed Py2.3.5, again same thing . . . IDLE just does not come up with the tcl paths of the standard install. www.python.org gives answer to problems w/IDLE on Py1.5 from 1999 and shows adding tcl\bin to %PATH%. OK . . . What to try next? SOMEONE else must have seen this? \kim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: python2.4 generator expression > python2.3 list expression
snacktime wrote: I need to convert a generator expression to a list expression so it will work under python 2.3. I rewrote this: for c in range(128): even_odd = (sum(bool(c & 1< As this: for c in range(128): bo = [bool(c & 1< Seems to work, is there a better way to do this? Well, if you were happy with your generator expression, you can use almost exactly the same syntax: for c in range(128): even_odd = (sum([bool(c & 1< No need for the 'bo' variable... STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help please
gargonx wrote:
Even if i put it in exactly the way you did:
import re
charmatcher = re.compile(r' [A-Z] [\d]?')
ext = dict(D="V1", O="M1", G="S1")
std = dict(S="H")
decode_replacements ={}
decode_replacements.update([(std[key], key) for key in std])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: keys
What version of Python are you using? Here's what I get:
PythonWin 2.4 (#60, Nov 30 2004, 09:34:21) [MSC v.1310 32 bit (Intel)]
on win32.
Portions Copyright 1994-2004 Mark Hammond ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) -
see 'Help/About PythonWin' for further copyright information.
py>
py> import re
py> charmatcher = re.compile(r' [A-Z] [\d]?')
py>
py> ext = dict(D="V1", O="M1", G="S1")
py> std = dict(S="H")
py>
py> decode_replacements = {}
py> decode_replacements.update([(std[key], key) for key in std])
As you can see, I'm using Python 2.4. I'm guessing you're using an
earlier version. I just checked the docs for dict.update:
"update() accepts either another mapping object or an iterable of
key/value pairs (as a tuple or other iterable of length two). If keyword
arguments are specified, the mapping is then is updated with those
key/value pairs: "d.update(red=1, blue=2)". Changed in version 2.4:
Allowed the argument to be an iterable of key/value pairs and allowed
keyword arguments."
So dict.update() only accepts a list of key/value pairs as of 2.4 I
guess. Try:
py> decode_replacements.update(dict([(std[key], key) for key in std]))
I believe that, unlike dict.update, the dict constructor allowed a list
of key/value pairs previous to Python 2.4. If that doesn't work either,
you can do the more verbose version:
py> for key in std:
... decode_replacements[std[key]] = key
...
STeVe
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Re: lambda closure question
"Carl Banks" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > Say you have a suite of functions, all of which are called by some main > function and each other, and all of which need to access a lot of the > same data. The best, most straightforward way to do it is to have the > common data be a local variable of the main function, and nest the > suite inside it. The other way to do it, passing around a common data > structure, add complexity and hurts performance. The third way to do it is to make the thing a class. Make all the functions methods of the class, and all the data instance variables. You may well want to make the main function the __call__ method of the class. In an OO environment, this may be a better, more straightforward way than nesting fnctions. See http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52549 > for an example of this. http://www.mired.org/home/mwm/ Independent WWW/Perforce/FreeBSD/Unix consultant, email for more information. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
python2.4 generator expression > python2.3 list expression
I need to convert a generator expression to a list expression so it will work under python 2.3. I rewrote this: for c in range(128): even_odd = (sum(bool(c & 1
Re: intersection of 2 list of pairs
Learned list comprehension today, its cool:
>>> E1=[('a','g'),('r','s')]
>>> E2=[('g','a'),('r','q'),('f','h')]
>>> [x for x in E1 for y in E2 if x == y or (x[1],x[0])==y]
[('a', 'g')]
On Sunday 20 February 2005 09:24 am, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Hi,
> I have 2 lists of tuples that look like:
> E1=[('a','g'),('r','s')] and
> E2=[('g','a'),('r','q'),('f','h')].
> In this tuple, the ordering does not
> matter, i.e. (u,v) is the same as (v,u).
>
> What I want to do is the following:
> given 2 list of tuples, E1 and E2, I want to create another list with
> tuples that are common to both. So in the above example I would like
> to return ('a','g') as being common.
> So far I have the code below but it does not work out properly, I would
> be grateful if someone can help me out .
> thanks
>
> def list_of_tuples_intersect(E1,E2):
>
> S1=Set()
> S2=Set()
> for e in E1:
> S1.add((e[0],e[1]))
> S1.add((e[1],e[0]))
> for e in E2:
> S2.add((e[0],e[1]))
> S2.add((e[1],e[0]))
> S= S1 & S2
> SS=Set()
> done=Set()
>
> for e in S:
> if ((e[0],e[1]) in done) or ((e[1],e[0]) in done):
> continue
> else:
> SS.add((e[0],e[1]))
> done.add((e[0],e[1]))
> done.add((e[1],e[0]))
> return SS
--
James Stroud, Ph.D.
UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics
Box 951570
Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Python/Rexx Interface Now Available
A Python Rexx Interface is now available to allow Python scripting to access REXX libraries and utilities. See http://www.lestec.com.au for details Regards, Les -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help please
Even if i put it in exactly the way you did:
>>> import re
>>> charmatcher = re.compile(r' [A-Z] [\d]?')
>>>
>>> ext = dict(D="V1", O="M1", G="S1")
>>> std = dict(S="H")
>>>
>>> decode_replacements ={}
>>> decode_replacements.update([(std[key], key) for key in std])
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in ?
AttributeError: keys
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PyEphem on Win32
-BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-
Hash: SHA1
Has anyone run the PyEphem ephemeris application under WinXP? I have
compiled it with Visual Studio 6 and it crashes Python with a simple
>>> import ephem
>>> ephem.date('1994/7/16')
Identical code works fine under Linux.
I am running ActivePython 2.3.5 Build 236 on a WinXP SP2 system with
Visual Studio 6 patched to sp6.
- ---
David Flory
-BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-
Version: PGP 8.1
iQA/AwUBQhlQ31e2/rcN3lp8EQJElQCgjRVn5alvDdcCUIuPie5XAnyGJV8AoN5Z
HXZz9RD02fr1cKfh13BcIFNd
=RNWe
-END PGP SIGNATURE-
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Re: How Do I get Know What Attributes/Functions In A Class?
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] > Thank you Hans. Could you give me a simple sample of using inspect? > http://www.python.org/doc/current/lib/module-inspect.html George -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: low-end persistence strategies?
"Michele Simionato" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > Ok, I have yet another question: what is the difference between > fcntl.lockf and fcntl.flock? The man page of my Linux system says > that flock is implemented independently of fcntl, however it does > not say if I should use it in preference over fcntl or not. It looks to me like flock is 4.2-BSD-style locking and fcntl.lockf is Sys V style. I'm not sure exactly what the differences are, but generally speaking, BSD did this type of thing better than Sys V. On the other hand, it looks like lockf has more features, like the ability to ask for a SIGIO notification if someone tries opening a file that you have locked. In Python, flock is certainly easier to use, since you pass an integer mode flag instead of building up the weird fcntl structure. There's one subtlety, which is that I'm not sure locking your file before updating it is guaranteed to do the right thing. You may have to use a second file as a lock. E.g., suppose the data file is small, like a few dozen bytes. So maybe: 1) process A opens the file. The contents get read into a cache buffer. 2) Process B opens the file, locks it, updates it, releases the lock. 3) Process A locks and updates the file. Is the cached stuff guaranteed to get invalidated even in some awful RFS environment? Or could A clobber B's changes? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How Do I get Know What Attributes/Functions In A Class?
Thank you Hans. Could you give me a simple sample of using inspect? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tuple index
Steve M wrote: > Hello, > > I'm trying to figure out the index position of a tuple member. > I know the member name, but I need to know the members index position. Tuples, like lists, don't have members in the sense that they can be "named" like t.foo. The only way of referring to them is by index, t[4]. > I > know that if I use the statement print tuple[4] that it will print the > contents of that location. What I don't understand is if I know that foo is > a member of tuple, how do I get foo's index position. You *can't* "know that foo is a member of tuple". Consider this: >>> foo = 'carol' >>> t = (123,456,789,'bob',foo,'ted') >>> t[4] 'carol' Is that what you mean by "foo is a member of t'? Well, it's not. foo is a reference to the string 'carol'. t[4] is also a reference to the string 'carol'. Now read on ... >>> foo = 'alice' >>> t (123, 456, 789, 'bob', 'carol', 'ted') >>> t[4] 'carol' >>> Now foo is a reference to the string 'alice'. Nothing to do with t, either before or now. Have you read the tutorial found at http://docs.python.org/tut/tut.html ? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: recommended way of generating HTML from Python
xtian wrote: > Stan (part of nevow, which is part of twisted) is a nice python syntax > for building HTML [...] > I don't know how detachable it is from the rest of nevow. I'd assume it > wouldn't be too difficult to implement in a standalone fashion. FWIW I whipped up a simple self-contained Stan clone a while back: http://freespace.virgin.net/hamish.sanderson/stanlite.py It's a bit quick-n-dirty - I think ideally you'd want it to parse all the HTML element information from a DTD and perform proper validation of input data - but if anyone want to pick it up and run with it, or just use it as-is, they're more than welcome to. HTH has -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Nick Vargish wrote: > "BrainDead" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > > > I believe that you are wasting your time. Looking at your email > > address, this may well be relevant. > [ 4-line URL snipped ] > > Thanks for the historical reference. Please consider a visit to > tinyurl.com before posting a monster like that... :^) > > Nick > > -- > # sigmask || 0.2 || 20030107 || public domain || feed this to a python > print reduce(lambda x,y:x+chr(ord(y)-1),' Ojdl!Wbshjti!=obwAcboefstobudi/psh?') Nick, Sorry about that, forgot to engage brain before doing cut and paste. At least I can learn, unlike some well known people.:) Regards. Mark Lawrence. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tuple index
Larry Bates wrote:
Tuples don't have all the nice methods that lists have
so convert it to a list.
tuple=('a','b','c','d')
l=list(tuple)
now you can do:
list.index('c')
which returns 2
Remember index returns -1 when nothing is found.
No, that's .find in strings that returns -1. .index in lists raises a
ValueError:
>>> [1, 2, 3].index(4)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "", line 1, in ?
ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list
--
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San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis
The map is not the territory.
-- Alfred Korzybski
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Re: Bug in email package?
Erik Max Francis wrote: Roman Suzi wrote: I think that if any object (from standard library at least) doesn't support iteration, it should clearly state so. My guess is that 'for' causes the use of 'm[0]', which is (rightfully) an error... Can this behaviour of email be considered a bug? Is there a good case to iterate over something useful in a message Why would it be a bug if the documentation never stated that the object was iterable? I think the bug is not that an error is produced, but that the _wrong_ error is produced. Trying to iterate over something that is not iterable should produce a TypeError saying so (not an Attribute error): py> class C(object): ... pass ... py> iter(C()) Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ? TypeError: iteration over non-sequence I've actually seen something like this come up before (I think with email.Message even...) I say call it a bug and submit a patch. It's pretty easy to fix -- just add an __iter__ method to Message that raises a TypeError. That makes it clear that Message doesn't intend to support the getitem protocol -- it just does so accidentally because it provides __getitem__. STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Tuple index
Tuples don't have all the nice methods that lists have
so convert it to a list.
tuple=('a','b','c','d')
l=list(tuple)
now you can do:
list.index('c')
which returns 2
Remember index returns -1 when nothing is found.
Larry Bates
Steve M wrote:
> Hello,
>
> I'm trying to figure out the index position of a tuple member.
> I know the member name, but I need to know the members index position. I
> know that if I use the statement print tuple[4] that it will print the
> contents of that location. What I don't understand is if I know that foo is
> a member of tuple, how do I get foo's index position.
> Thanks-in-Advance
> Steve
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Tuple index
Hello, I'm trying to figure out the index position of a tuple member. I know the member name, but I need to know the members index position. I know that if I use the statement print tuple[4] that it will print the contents of that location. What I don't understand is if I know that foo is a member of tuple, how do I get foo's index position. Thanks-in-Advance Steve -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: exercise: partition a list by equivalence
John Machin wrote: Xah is asserting his right to be recognised as the author of his artistic creations, line by line. Not very well, however, since his usage doesn't constitute a valid copyright notice :-). -- Erik Max Francis && [EMAIL PROTECTED] && http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis Wyrd has swept all my kin / all the brave chiefs away! / Now I must follow them! -- Beowulf -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Bug in email package?
Roman Suzi wrote: I think that if any object (from standard library at least) doesn't support iteration, it should clearly state so. My guess is that 'for' causes the use of 'm[0]', which is (rightfully) an error... Can this behaviour of email be considered a bug? Is there a good case to iterate over something useful in a message Why would it be a bug if the documentation never stated that the object was iterable? -- Erik Max Francis && [EMAIL PROTECTED] && http://www.alcyone.com/max/ San Jose, CA, USA && 37 20 N 121 53 W && AIM erikmaxfrancis Wyrd has swept all my kin / all the brave chiefs away! / Now I must follow them! -- Beowulf -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Pausing a program - poll/sleep/threads?
Ah yes, that Informit article helped endlessly - I'm all done now - got the backend to fetch the info from the server every 2secs using a QThread, then it pass the data back to the GUI frontend by raising a custom event! Thanks for all the help folks, now I'm off to compile the new PyQt 3.14 ;-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Ilias Lazaridis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > Now it's really time to close this thread. I suspect this will fall of deaf ears, but I have to mention that you do not get to "close threads" on Usenet. You can excuse yourself from this one and stop replying to comments, but you don't get to unilaterally declare a discussion over. Just not how it works, though in this case an exception might be welcomed... Nick -- # sigmask || 0.2 || 20030107 || public domain || feed this to a python print reduce(lambda x,y:x+chr(ord(y)-1),' Ojdl!Wbshjti!=obwAcboefstobudi/psh?') -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Martin v. Löwis:
> So I have to guess what you could have meant. If you want
> to be understood, you might have phrased the question like
> this:
>
> "Should I take answers from people which do not respect coherence
> of writings serious?"
The main grammatical problem with the question is the use of an adjective
("serious") rather than an adverb ("seriously") to modify the verb "take".
Should I take answers seriously?
I'd also add in an article to point to the particular answers to be
disregarded.
Should I take these answers seriously?
Next problem is the disagreement in number between "answers" and "answer"
which breaks the connection just as separating the questions does.
Answers from people which do not respect coherence of writings?
There are more problems to fix but this is a start. Grammatical errors
are often perceived as rudeness.
> Perhaps the question was meant rhetoric.
Aghhh! He's got you doing it too.
Neil -- Aussie ear for the foreign guy
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Re: [ANN] Python 2.4 Quick Reference available
François Pinard wrote: [Michael Hoffman] To be honest I doubt open will be extended in this manner. I did not read Guido's arguments for a while, so I may remember them wrongly. No, I think you remember them the same way I do. So, take me with a grain of salt. I would not think Guido is arguing for the sole sake of arguing. Maybe his plans or visions will change, but until such changes are announced, I've no reason to doubt them :-). Well I'd hope they would. :) All in all, `file' is now probably to be considered safer than `open', despite Guido advises to prefer `open'. Definitely. :) -- Michael Hoffman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [ANN] Python 2.4 Quick Reference available
Michael Hoffman wrote:
That said, I still use file() instead of open(). I think that:
for line in file("mytext.txt"):
makes a lot more sense than:
for line in open("mytext.txt"):
I guess it's because the first option sounds a lot more like English.
Call me a space-waster (or a "waste of space" ;-) but I
still prefer this one to either of the above:
file = open('mytext.txt')
for line in file:
...
-Peter
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Re: Moving to Python from PHP - 3 questions
Michal Migurski wrote: Thank you. My impression of Zope in the past has been that it does what I need, along with 10,000 other things I don't (built in WebDAV server?!), but clearly I owe it another chance. I've been initially attracted to mod_python because of its raw simplicity and its apparent similarity to mod_php and mod_perl, which I am familiar with. I'll give Zope a try. I am moving my band's website from an antiquated and horrible PHPNuke site to a Python-based site, and so have done quite a bit of research about this (though I never considered myself a PHP expert). Here's what I've come up with... Zope is excellent (especially with Plone), but if you are not building applications that require lots of levels of access and permissions and collaborations, as well as the 10,000 other things you speak of, you probably would like something simpler than Zope, such as CherryPy or Quixote. Both are excellent and light-weight frameworks that give you session support and easy access to request variables (as well as full access to the entire Python language). Conceptually, the two are very close, but I am slightly more biased towards CherryPy lately. Quixote has better built in form support, but now that I've discovered FormKit, this seems to becoming a non-issue. Also, both are pure Python so should run anywhere Python does (though Quixote has a C extension, it will fallback to a somewhat slower pure-Python version if your platform cannot compile the extension). There are other good frameworks out there, like Nevow and Webware, but have a somewhat larger conceptual overhead which doesn't rest as easy with me. You'll also want to probably look at some of the templating kits, of which Cheetah and/or ElementTree work best for me. (Well, ElementTree isn't exactly a templating kit - it's a general-purpose XML tookit - but it is easily used for templating.) General Python web programming: http://www.python.org/topics/web/ Frameworks/toolkits: [CherryPy] http://www.cherrypy.org/ [Quixote] http://www.mems-exchange.com/software/quixote [FormKit] http://dalchemy.com/opensource/formkit/ [Cheetah] http://www.cheetahtemplate.org/ [ElementTree] http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm [Nevow] http://nevow.com/ [Webware] http://www.webwareforpython.org/ For more comparisons of some of the various frameworks: [PyWebOff] http://pyre.third-bit.com/pyweb/index.html [Python Web Shootout (older)] http://www.colorstudy.com/docs/shootout.html -- Soraia: http://www.soraia.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: questions concerning cgi.FieldStorage(keep_blank_values=1)
Jonas Meurer wrote: "key1" isn't a valid parameter, to supply an empty key you would write script.py?key1=&key2=foo Then cgi.FieldStorage also includes key1. great, it works. but is there no way to use single keywords as GET argument? You could manually parse the request string (CGI stores the request string as an environment variable, you can retrieve it via os.environ["REQUEST_STRING"]), but why not add "=1" (or "=") to your keywords? bye, Daniel -- http://perplex.schmumpf.de/ [visit for regular email address] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Test for structure
Terry Hancock wrote: > But you probably shouldn't do that. You should probably just test to > see if the object is iterable --- does it have an __iter__ method? > > Which might look like this: > > if hasattr(a, '__iter__'): > print "'a' quacks like a duck" Martin Miller top-posted: I don't believe you can use the test for a __iter__ attribute in this case, for the following reason: c1 = 'abc' c2 = ['de', 'fgh', 'ijkl'] hasattr(c1, '__iter__') False hasattr(c2, '__iter__') True Right. str and unicode objects support iteration through the old __getitem__ protocol, not the __iter__ protocol. If you want to use something as an iterable, just use it and catch the exception: try: itr = iter(a) except TypeError: # 'a' is not iterable else: # 'a' is iterable Another lesson in why EAPF is often better than LBYL in Python[1]. STeVe [1] http://www.python.org/moin/PythonGlossary -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Moving to Python from PHP - 3 questions
Maybe this can help you get it working on OS X: http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.python.mod-python/4039 But as stated in my other post, you may want to take a look at your other options first. Web development with Python is really nothing like PHP, unless you really want it to be. -- Brian Beck Adventurer of the First Order -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Newbie CGI problem
On 18/02/05, Peter Otten ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote: > Rory Campbell-Lange wrote: > > > #!/usr/bin/python > > import cgi > > print "Content-type: text/html\n\n" > > print "hi" > > > > Gives me the following in my browser: > > > > ''' > > hi > > Content-type: text/html > > > > > > hi > > ''' > > > > Why are there two 'hi's? > > You have chosen a bad name for your script: cgi.py. > It is now self-importing. Rename it to something that doesn't clash with the > standard library, and all should be OK. Thanks very much. Ouch! Rory -- Rory Campbell-Lange <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Moving to Python from PHP - 3 questions
Michal Migurski wrote: Thank you. My impression of Zope in the past has been that it does what I need, along with 10,000 other things I don't (built in WebDAV server?!), but clearly I owe it another chance. I've been initially attracted to mod_python because of its raw simplicity and its apparent similarity to mod_php and mod_perl, which I am familiar with. I'll give Zope a try. Personally, I'd have to say that your impression was right. Once you start using Zope, you'll start to feel locked in. Sure, it does a lot for you, but it's also a big investment. I can't really help you to get mod_python working on OS X, but concerning your other two points, did you notice these two sections in the documentation? http://modpython.org/live/current/doc-html/pyapi-sess.html http://modpython.org/live/current/doc-html/pyapi-mprequest.html mod_python and Zope are not your only options by far. In fact, they're at completely opposite ends of the spectrum; mod_python being low-level in that you are in control of everything and have the necessary tools to build a framework, and Zope being the highest-level in that it does tons of stuff for you. There are dozens of frameworks in between. If you do manage to get mod_python working, I suggest taking a look at Vampire as well: http://www.dscpl.com.au/projects/vampire/ I have had good experience with it. Once you start using mod_python you'll realize you can really go anywhere you want; and that's not necessarily a good thing. Vampire points you in a nice direction (I don't want to say 'the right' direction). -- Brian Beck Adventurer of the First Order -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Test for structure
I don't believe you can use the test for a __iter__ attribute in this case, for the following reason: >>> c1 = 'abc' >>> c2 = ['de', 'fgh', 'ijkl'] >>> hasattr(c1, '__iter__') False >>> hasattr(c2, '__iter__') True >>> for i in c1: print "i=%s is an element of c1" % repr(i) ... i='a' is an element of c1 i='b' is an element of c1 i='c' is an element of c1 In other words, even though the c1 single string variable does not have an __iter__ attribute, it can still be used in a for loop. I think the right answer would depend on what exactly the OP intends to do with the argument when it is a list (or is list-like in some way) -- i.e. he didn't say specifically that he wanted use it in a for loop. -Martin Terry Hancock wrote: > On Wednesday 16 February 2005 09:08 am, alex wrote: > > how can I check if a variable is a structure (i.e. a list)? For my > > special problem the variable is either a character string OR a list of > > character strings line ['word1', 'word2',...] > > > > So how can I test if a variable 'a' is either a single character string > > or a list? > > The literally correct but actually wrong answer is: > > if type(a) == type([]): > print "'a' is a duck" > > But you probably shouldn't do that. You should probably just test to > see if the object is iterable --- does it have an __iter__ method? > > Which might look like this: > > if hasattr(a, '__iter__'): > print "'a' quacks like a duck" > > That way your function will also work if a happens to be a tuple, > a dictionary, or a user-defined class instance which is happens to > be iterable. > > Being "iterable" means that code like: > > for i in a: >print "i=%s is an element of a" % repr(i) > > works. Which is probably why you wanted to know, right? > > Cheers, > Terry > > -- > -- > Terry Hancock ( hancock at anansispaceworks.com ) > Anansi Spaceworks http://www.anansispaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
ANNOUNCE: KirbyBase 1.8
KirbyBase is a simple, plain-text, database management system written in Python. It can be used either embedded in a python script or in a client/server, multi-user mode. You use python code to express your queries instead of having to use another language such as SQL. KirbyBase is disk-based, not memory-based. Database changes are immediately written to disk. You can find more information on KirbyBase at: http://www.netpromi.com/kirbybase.html You can download KirbyBase for Python at: http://www.netpromi.com/files/KirbyBase_Python_1.8.zip The most noticeable things about this release are (1) the ability to sort the result set by multiple fields, (2) the ability to have the result set returned as a nicely formatted report, suitable for printing, and (3) the ability to do an insert or an update using a record object (thanks, Fred Pacquier, for the suggestion). The manual has also been updated to reflect the new features. Also, for those of you who have asked how Kirby is doing, I have a couple of new pictures of him on the website. :-) I would like to thank everyone who has emailed me with comments, bug reports, and enhancement requests/ideas. Hearing from people who actually use KirbyBase is what makes working on it worthwhile. Please keep the emails coming! Changes in Version 1.8: IMPORTANT - Method Interface Changes -Added the ability to sort the result set of a select by multiple fields and to specify whether each field should be sorted ascending or descending. This necessitated a change to the interface of the select method. I moved the position of sortField in the argument list and also changed it to be a list instead of a string. I also changed the name of sortField to sortFields. I also moved sortDesc in the arguement list and also made it a list. ** -Added another allowable value, 'report', to the keyword parameter, returnType in the select method. This returns the result set in a pretty print format. Along with this, added another keyword parameter called rptSettings to the select method. This is only used if rptType is 'report'. It is a 2 element list. The first element specifies the number of records to print on a page. The second element is boolean specifying whether to print a dashed line between records. -Added ability to pass field values to update and insert using an object with attributes set equal to the field names. -Fixed a bug in _getMatches. If a field of type int or float had a blank value in the table (i.e. ''), the code was attempting to convert it to it's proper type (i.e. int or float) before doing the match comparison. This would cause an exception to occur. Now, if the field is an int,float,date or datetime and it is blank, I convert it to None. This allows the numeric comparisons to work correctly for null fields. -Fixed a bug in select. If a field in the result set was equal to '', I was letting it stay that way, when I should really be converting it to None before returning the result set. -Cleaned up the internals a bit. Mainly, I tried to use functions in the operator module like lt and ge instead of hardcoding < and >= in an if statement. Jamey Cribbs [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [long] nested lists as arrays
great thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Moving to Python from PHP - 3 questions
> Thank you. My impression of Zope in the past has been that it does what > I need, along with 10,000 other things I don't (built in WebDAV > server?!), but clearly I owe it another chance. I've been initially The apache has a built in webdav server too - is that a reason _not_ to use it? If you don't want a feature, don't use it. You can turn them off, btw. But what you might not be aware of is that zope does not store its templates, scripts and files in general in the filesystem as php does, but as objects in the zodb database. So webdav and ftp are other views to that objects that allow you to load and save these files using "normal" editors and tools, not only the web-interface of zope. The advantage of this approach is that versioning of content - regardless of it's type - is built-in. Can be a life-saver sometimes :) > attracted to mod_python because of its raw simplicity and its apparent > similarity to mod_php and mod_perl, which I am familiar with. It certainly is the most simple way to create dynamic content. But there is a big difference between python and php: php started as a web-developers tool, and it's features are a direct consequence of that. python oth is a general purpose programming language - it is certainly suited for web development, but not limited to. There are people who also want to use php as general purpose programming language - but nevertheless, its design has been influenced by its main purpose. So you e.g. get session state handling "for free" - as more or less _all_ web-apps today need them. -- Regards, Diez B. Roggisch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
"BrainDead" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > I believe that you are wasting your time. Looking at your email > address, this may well be relevant. [ 4-line URL snipped ] Thanks for the historical reference. Please consider a visit to tinyurl.com before posting a monster like that... :^) Nick -- # sigmask || 0.2 || 20030107 || public domain || feed this to a python print reduce(lambda x,y:x+chr(ord(y)-1),' Ojdl!Wbshjti!=obwAcboefstobudi/psh?') -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Bug in email package?
I was playing with email package and discovrered this strange kind of behaviour: import email.Message m = email.Message.Message() m['a'] = '123' print m From nobody Mon Feb 21 00:12:27 2005 a: 123 for i in m: print i ... Traceback (most recent call last): File "", line 1, in ? File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/email/Message.py", line 304, in __getitem__ return self.get(name) File "/usr/local/lib/python2.3/email/Message.py", line 370, in get name = name.lower() AttributeError: 'int' object has no attribute 'lower' I think that if any object (from standard library at least) doesn't support iteration, it should clearly state so. My guess is that 'for' causes the use of 'm[0]', which is (rightfully) an error... Can this behaviour of email be considered a bug? Is there a good case to iterate over something useful in a message? P.S. rfc822 has the same behaviour, at least on Python 2.3 Sincerely yours, Roman Suzi -- [EMAIL PROTECTED] =\= My AI powered by GNU/Linux RedHat 7.3 -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Article on Hi-Fi Myths
I learned Friday night that the hi-fi talk is our most popular tape. This page: http://www.belt.demon.co.uk/product/Cable_Controversy/Cable_Controversy.htm Gives a somewhat different take on the controversy, almost certainly bizarre. It's a long page and the interesting part is near the end. The conclusion is: "you just need to know what techniques to use to create a 'friendly', 'relaxing', energy pattern." Al -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: recommended way of generating HTML from Python
Stan (part of nevow, which is part of twisted) is a nice python syntax for building HTML - I like the use of () and [] to separate attributes from sub-elements. For example: class Greeter(rend.Page): def greet(self, context, data): return random.choice(["Hello", "Greetings", "Hi"]), " ", data docFactory = loaders.stan( tags.html[ tags.head[ tags.title[ "Greetings!" ]], tags.body[ tags.h1(style="font-size: large")[ "Now I will greet you:" ], greet ] ]) (From http://nevow.com/releases/0.3.0/nevow-intro.html) I don't know how detachable it is from the rest of nevow. I'd assume it wouldn't be too difficult to implement in a standalone fashion. xtian -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Moving to Python from PHP - 3 questions
The python-based zope application server has session management. Togther with a built-in user and access rights management. ... This can be done in zope if you name a variable :list. That then will give you the variable as list regardless of the number of occurences. Thank you. My impression of Zope in the past has been that it does what I need, along with 10,000 other things I don't (built in WebDAV server?!), but clearly I owe it another chance. I've been initially attracted to mod_python because of its raw simplicity and its apparent similarity to mod_php and mod_perl, which I am familiar with. I'll give Zope a try. -- michal migurski- contact info, blog, and pgp key: sf/cahttp://mike.teczno.com/contact.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyQt Python Bindings for Qt v3.14 Released
On Sunday 20 February 2005 8:42 pm, Simon John wrote: > All looks like good news, especially PyQt4 - one question, if it's > statically linked with Qt4, will it still work with things like py2exe? Should do. > I guess it just won't need qt-mt4.dll? The binary will be provided for the Windows GPL version just to make it as easy as possible for people to get started. Obviously the source will also be available to build it yourself if you need to. > I'm getting a 404 on the new SIP: > > http://www.river-bank.demon.co.uk/download/QScintilla/qscintilla-1.61-gpl-1 >.5.tar.gz Should be fixed now - thanks. Phil -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Moving to Python from PHP - 3 questions
Hi, > 2) Session management. Cookie-based sessions in PHP are pretty > transparent, with a small library of basic functions that do 95% of > what anyone may need to store session data in serialized files and > associate them with cookies. I've seen python code that accomplishes > this, but so far no pre-built server-side session management modules. The python-based zope application server has session management. Togther with a built-in user and access rights management. > 3) Structured request variables. PHP has a really handy feature where > request variables with name like "foo[]", "foo[bar]", or > "foo[bar][baz]" are automatically structured into nested associative > arrays. I can see that the python cgi module will make a list of > MiniFieldStorage objects when more than one variable with the same name > is provided, but that's about the extent of it that I've seen. This can be done in zope if you name a variable :list. That then will give you the variable as list regardless of the number of occurences. > > An "RTFM" answer with a URL for the M would be great. :) For zope: http://www.zope.org/ But there are plenty of other python http frameworks. The mod_python is AFAIK the most basic and primitive one. But build on top of it or fully python-based you have plenty of options. Google is your friend - this NG features similar discussions every other week. -- Regards, Diez B. Roggisch -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: PyQt Python Bindings for Qt v3.14 Released
All looks like good news, especially PyQt4 - one question, if it's statically linked with Qt4, will it still work with things like py2exe? I guess it just won't need qt-mt4.dll? I'm getting a 404 on the new SIP: http://www.river-bank.demon.co.uk/download/QScintilla/qscintilla-1.61-gpl-1.5.tar.gz -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: recommended way of generating HTML from Python
Here are a couple of pointers. I agree with Michele that it would be
nice to have some kind of standardization. Maybe this would be worth a
post to the Web-SIG ?
- I posted a 70-line recipe on the Python Cookbook, a sort of poor man's
HTMLGen called HTMLTags
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/366000
with a syntax like this :
# print HTML( HEAD(TITLE('Test document')) +
#BODY(H1('This is a test document')+
#TEXT('First line')+BR()+
#TEXT('Second line')))
The use of addition allows for shortcuts like
print Sum([ TR(TD(i)+TD(i*i)) for i in range(100) ])
where Sum works like the built-in sum, but sum only works for numbers
apparently
- in the Cookbook someone mentioned the HyperText package, published in
2000 by Andy Dustman : http://dustman.net/andy/python/HyperText/
It uses this syntax :
# print TABLE(
#TR((TH('SPAM'), TH('EGGS')),
#TR(TD('foo','bar', colspan=2))
# )
The package also handles XML, SGML etc.
- I wrote to Andy and he said there was also Living Logic's XIST :
http://www.livinglogic.de/Python/xist/index.html
An example taken from the site :
#node = xsc.Frag(
# xml.XML10(),
# html.DocTypeXHTML10transitional(),
# html.html(
# html.head(
# meta.contenttype(),
# html.title("Example page")
# ),
# html.body(
# html.h1("Welcome to the example page"),
# html.p(
#"This example page has a link to the ",
#html.a("Python home page", href="http://www.python.org/";),
#"."
# )
# )
# )
# )
#
# print node.conv().asBytes(encoding="us-ascii")
--
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Re: exercise: partition a list by equivalence
Eric Pederson wrote:
> > From: "Xah Lee" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
> > ©for group in interm:
> what do the funny little "©"s stand for?
...>>> import unicodedata as ucd; ucd.name('©'.decode('cp1252'))
'COPYRIGHT SIGN'
Xah is asserting his right to be recognised as the author of his
artistic creations, line by line.
--
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Moving to Python from PHP - 3 questions
Hi everyone, I've been planning to move to Python from PHP for some time now. I use PHP extensively for web scripting, with mod_php, Apache, and a DB (I would characterize my knowledge of PHP as advanced). Here are three stumbling blocks I've experienced, for which I couldn't seem to find any helpful information via Google: 1) Mod_python on OSX. I use a Mac as my primary development environment, so I need mod_python to get anything done. Compiling mod_python from source fails under OSX 10.3, and mod_python does not appear to be included in Fink. I've found plenty of other questions about this on other mailing lists, but so far no conclusive answers - is mod_python on OSX currently a dead-end? 2) Session management. Cookie-based sessions in PHP are pretty transparent, with a small library of basic functions that do 95% of what anyone may need to store session data in serialized files and associate them with cookies. I've seen python code that accomplishes this, but so far no pre-built server-side session management modules. 3) Structured request variables. PHP has a really handy feature where request variables with name like "foo[]", "foo[bar]", or "foo[bar][baz]" are automatically structured into nested associative arrays. I can see that the python cgi module will make a list of MiniFieldStorage objects when more than one variable with the same name is provided, but that's about the extent of it that I've seen. 2 & 3 are problems I can solve on my own, but they're so transparently automatic in PHP that it's a real pleasure to use them. I can probably implement my own fixes, but I'd rather not have to. Alternatively, are these just "PHP-isms" for which python has a more native, more appropriate response? An "RTFM" answer with a URL for the M would be great. :) Thank you, -mike. -- michal migurski- contact info, blog, and pgp key: sf/cahttp://mike.teczno.com/contact.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: exercise: partition a list by equivalence
Reinhold Birkenfeld wrote: > Reinhold Birkenfeld wrote: > > > My solution (which may not be the fastest or most effective, but till > > now is the shortest and it works): [snip RB] > > A recursive solution (around twice as fast as the above, though very > slow still...) > [snip RB2] > > Another one: > [snip RB3] Dunno what data you are using for timing, but my tests suggest that RB is fast enough, RB3 is slightly faster, but RB2 is a real dog and appears to be quadratic [hint: it has that same for-for-for-update signature found in phase 2 of Xah's effort]. Not only that, but it seems to be somewhat irregular. Below are some results on trivial test data: prototype input: python -m timeit -s "import merge;n=3000;inp=((x,x+1)for x in xrange(0,n,2))" "merge.merge_RB3(inp)" 10 loops, best of 3: 3.98 usec per loop n=3000;RB2 64.9 msec per loop n=3000;RB3 3.98 usec per loop n=3000;RB 3.06 usec per loop n=3000;JM3 2.73 usec per loop n=1000;RB2 4.92 usec per loop n=1250;RB2 5.34 usec per loop n=1500;RB2 20.4 usec per loop n=1750;RB2 22.1 msec per loop n=2000;RB2 28.8 msec per loop n=2500;RB2 44.9 msec per loop n=3000;RB2 64.9 msec per loop [background: Python 2.4, Win2000, 1.4GHz Athlon chip, 768Mb memory] Here's a function to generate some serious timing data: !def mktimedata(n,lev): !res = [] !d = 1 !for k in range(lev): !res.extend(zip(xrange(0, n, 2*d), xrange(d, n, 2*d))) !d *= 2 !return res Try that with n=3000 and lev=5 ... Cheers, John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: recommended way of generating HTML from Python
Michele Simionato wrote: > What is the recommended way of generating HTML from Python? I know of > HTMLGen and of > few recipes in the Cookbook, but is there something which is more or > less standard? I'm also an htmlgen user, but it's getting a bit long in the tooth, and the installation is not very clean (pre-distutils). I keep an eye out for alternatives, here's one (which I haven't looked at yet): ## htmldata 1.0.6 is available. http://oregonstate.edu/~barnesc/htmldata/ The htmldata module allows one to translate HTML documents back and forth to list data structures. This allows for programmatic reading and writing of HTML documents, with much flexibility. ## I could swear that I also saw another recent email announcing an htmlgen alternative, but no amount of googling or digging through my email could turn it up. I think it was in the last month or so, and probably on the python-announce list, but looking through the archives I can't find it. Maybe my memory is playing tricks on me. > Also, are there plans to include a module for HTML generation in the > standard library? > I really would like to see some standardization in this area. I would too. The HTMLgen model is quite nice and clean (at least for my simple uses), but I'd use anything, as long as it's included by default and supported. Cheers, f -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to wrap a class's methods?
rbt wrote: Jeff Shannon wrote: You could probably also do this as a factory function, rather than as a class (also untested!): def Wrapper(func): def wrapped(self, *args, **kwargs): s, r = func(self, *args, **kwargs) if s != 'OK': raise NotOK((s,r)) return r return wrapped I believe that this will be semantically almost equivalent, but conceptually slightly simpler. Jeff Shannon This is a nice example. I have used sub-functions (functions within functions) recently with some code, but I've wondered how proper it is to do this. Is this type of thing frowned upon? Nope. If it was frowned upon, Python wouldn't support it. ;) Sometimes it's even faster: test.py def wrapper(func): def wrapped(*args, **kwargs): return bool(func(*args, **kwargs)) return wrapped class Wrapper(object): def __init__(self, func): self.func = func def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs): return bool(self.func(*args, **kwargs)) - $ python -m timeit -s "import test; w = test.wrapper(sum)" "w([]); w([1,2])" 10 loops, best of 3: 4.77 usec per loop $ python -m timeit -s "import test; w = test.Wrapper(sum)" "w([]); w([1,2])" 10 loops, best of 3: 6.52 usec per loop Personally, I still tend towards the class-based version, but I'm sure in many cases the nested function version would work just as well. STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: help please
gargonx wrote: I think there's a problem with the code: py> decode_replacements.update([(std[key], key) for key in std]) py> decode_replacements.update([(ext[key], key) for key in ext]) when i run this i get an error: AttributeError: keys I can't get that figured out Can you show the part of your code in which you do this? As you can see from the interactive Python session I posted, I didn't get an AttributeError... STeVe -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Summarized Suggestions for the Python Team, PSF, Community): - - - An automated-build-process-system should allow community-members to add their targets (e.g. MinGW) into an special "incubation section", which does not in any way affect the "main section" (which contains the official production targets, e.g. MSVC). If an "incubation section" target proves over time as stable and supported (by community contributions), it is moved to the "official-auto-build". - The python-team should * detect any efforts made within the community to support different build-targets * attract/engourage the authors/teams to include the patches/sources into the main build-system * attract/engourage the authors/teams to have open projects with an collaboration infrastructure. - The python-community and the PSF should support the python-team to fulfill the above tasks, thus the python-teams effort is limited to provide the infrastructure (incubation-build-targets). - - - Practical example: Engourage the current pyMinGW project to become a open collaborative project: http://jove.prohosting.com/iwave/ipython/pyMinGW.html * as a first step, setup a pyMinGW mailinglist * intrested people can come together an communicate * as a second step, setup an SVN * intrested projects could get your patch via SVN * as a third step, find intrested contributors * which would help testing * which would help you with coding The python-team setups a build-target, which the collaborative pyMinGW project tries to make valid. - - - Now it's really time to close this thread. . -- http://lazaridis.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: lambda closure question
Ted Lilley <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: > As a side note, I'm familiar with the term currying from a friend who > learned ML and Scheme quite some time ago. Not sure if that's the true > origin, but it was a sufficiently different context from Python (or at > least I thought) that I didn't want to rely on its meaning. I was also > sufficiently unsure of it's _exact_ meaning, The exact meaning is reasonably well explained, together with the origins, on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying That meaning shouldn't change if applied to different computer languages. I can understand the temptation to confuse partial application with currying (for languages like Python which take tuples of arguments by default, currying is one way to make partial application possible; supplying default arguments is another), but nonetheless they are different things. - Dirk -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: BaseHTTPServer threading using SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn
It's not that, here is definition that I use:
class myWebServer(SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn,
BaseHTTPServer.HTTPServer):
pass
code that runs server:
server = myWebServer(('', 80), myWebHTTPHandler)
LOG("Web Server starting")
server.serve_forever()
and here is shortened version of myWebHTTPHandler:
class myWebHTTPHandler(BaseHTTPServer.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
sys_version=""
server_version=versionString
def log_request(self, code='-', size='-'):
pass
def do_GET(self):
my GET code...
def do_POST(self):
my POST code...
--
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Re: Trouble with mysql-python 1.2.0 on Solaris 8 sparc
Did you build your own MySQL, or did you use a pre-built version? And
what version? It's not clear if you're using 4.0 or 4.1. If
mysql_config is returning the wrong flags, then that's a bug with
MySQL.
You should be able to work around this by doing this in setup.py before
the call to setup():
extra_compile_args.remove('-m64')
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Re: introspection inquiry
Robin Becker wrote:
import inspect
class A:
_class_name=inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
def __init__(self,text,_defining_class_name=_class_name):
print 'text=',text,'_defining_class_name=',_defining_class_name
class B(A):
pass
b=B('aaa')
That won't work, if you, say, wanted to print out the name of the
class the constructor was defined in for a whole chain of
constructors. Which is about the only case I can think of where
this would be useful.
could work as well, but if we only need the local name why not just
insert directly.
To be honest, that is what I have done every time I have needed
something like this.
I've only used metaclasses in production code once and I still debate
whether that case is a good idea or not.
--
Michael Hoffman
--
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Re: [ANN] Python 2.4 Quick Reference available
[Michael Hoffman] > To be honest I doubt open will be extended in this manner. I did not read Guido's arguments for a while, so I may remember them wrongly. So, take me with a grain of salt. I would not think Guido is arguing for the sole sake of arguing. Maybe his plans or visions will change, but until such changes are announced, I've no reason to doubt them :-). All in all, `file' is now probably to be considered safer than `open', despite Guido advises to prefer `open'. -- François Pinard http://pinard.progiciels-bpi.ca -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: intersection of 2 list of pairs
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Hi,
> I have 2 lists of tuples that look like:
> E1=[('a','g'),('r','s')] and
> E2=[('g','a'),('r','q'),('f','h')].
> In this tuple, the ordering does not
> matter, i.e. (u,v) is the same as (v,u).
>
> What I want to do is the following:
> given 2 list of tuples, E1 and E2, I want to create another list with
> tuples that are common to both. So in the above example I would like
> to return ('a','g') as being common.
> So far I have the code below but it does not work out properly, I
would
> be grateful if someone can help me out .
[snip]
This is likely to do what you want, provided the types of the objects
in your tuples define an ordering. The idea is to change the
representation of the tuples to a canonical form (a, b) where a <= b.
By the way, have you considered that there might be duplicates *within*
each list?
>>> E1=[('a','g'),('r','s')]
>>> E2=[('g','a'),('r','q'),('f','h')]
>>> s1 = set((min(x,y),max(x,y)) for x, y in E1)
>>> s1
set([('a', 'g'), ('r', 's')])
>>> s2 = set((min(x,y),max(x,y)) for x, y in E2)
>>> s2
set([('a', 'g'), ('q', 'r'), ('f', 'h')])
>>> answer = s1 & s2
>>> answer
set([('a', 'g')])
>>>
Here's a hint: when you find yourself typing stuff like (x[0],x[1])
(x[1],x[0]) more than minimally, the 'wrong way, go back' sign
should flash up.
HTH,
John
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Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Martin v. Löwis wrote: Ilias Lazaridis wrote: Should I take answers serious? [...] Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings? [...] I still detect the coherence. As most people in this group will detect the coherence. I don't. The second fragment is not even correct English [...] - (limits of AI) . -- http://lazaridis.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
[Snip] Martin, I believe that you are wasting your time. Looking at your email address, this may well be relevant. http://groups-beta.google.com/group/de.admin.net-abuse.news/browse_frm/thread/8914399857641c05/4163a4fb8a624349?q=Ilias&_done=%2Fgroup%2Fde.admin.net-abuse.news%2Fsearch%3Fgroup%3Dde.admin.net-abuse.news%26q%3DIlias%26qt_g%3D1%26searchnow%3DSearch+this+group%26&_doneTitle=Back+to+Search&&d#4163a4fb8a624349 Regards. Mark Lawrence. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Nick Coghlan wrote: > Pat wrote: > > On Windows, most users are used to installing precompiled binary > > packages, rather than compiling from source. When you do have to > > compile from source, it often requires you to fiddle with nitty gritty > > details about which you'd rather remain ignorant. The less fiddling > > required, the happier the user will be, and the easier it will be for > > that product to get adopted on that platform. No psychic abilities are > > required. No Python abilities are required, either, for that matter. > > ;-) > > And the fact that building *any* Windows native program without commercial > software is a PITA is the py-dev crew's fault, how? I don't recall saying that it was their fault, but if I gave that impression I apologize. I'm mainly reacting to those individuals who keep claiming that things couldn't be any simpler and that there is no problem. Based on the quality of the rest of your reply, you clearly on not one of those individuals. In fact, you have given some great information here. So thank you. It is greatly appreciated. > The python.org releases provide pre-built binaries for Windows, support for > compiling Windows extensions with various compilers (including MinGW), and > autoconf/automake support for POSIX-ish platforms (including Cygwin). True, and I've always been glad that Tim Peters went through all the trouble of creating and supporting the Windows binaries because I was on the Windows platform when I first got introduced to Python. Thank you, Tim! > For native Windows compilation of the interpreter, they support MSVC6 and MSVC7.1. > > If you're a serious commercial Windows shop, you will have one of the Microsoft > compiler suites installed *somewhere*. At that point, building your own version > of Python is trivial. True, but see my reply to your subsequent points. > Which leaves the hobbyists, and those companies which, for whatever reason, > choose not to use Visual Studio to build C/C++ code on Windows. Exactly. And how big is that group, really? It might be quite large. > If it meets your needs, the easiest solution is to build a non-native version > using Cygwin (./configure, make, make altinstall). That's what I currently do, > as the easiest free way to hack Python on a Windows box. Yeah, but Cygwin is a bit scary for Windows folks who aren't familiar with Linux or Unix. > Which means our target group is now only those who want to build a Windows > Python binary, and don't want to use Visual Studio, and don't want to use Cygwin > (hmm, the group under discussion must be getting rather small by now). Actually, I think this group is potentially huge in comparison to the current users of Python. It's just that they aren't currently represented in the Python community. Look at the PythonCard project. I was involved in the early stages of its formation (that was when I wrote PyCrust, which was incorporated into PythonCard). A great deal of the interest in PythonCard was from hobbyists, VBers, old HyperCard developers, etc. These folks were not your typical Python programmers. They just wanted a simple tool that they could use to create simple applications. Now what if PythonCard started using some C source code as part of their project? They would either have to provide binaries, or they would have to make it easy for their developer community, many of whom are on Windows, to be able to compile C extensions for Python. If they couldn't make it easy, they would risk alienating many of their supporters. So my only point is that by making it easier to use C extensions, we have an opportunity to make Python more attractive to a broader audience that includes hobbyists and folks that do not want to pay for commercial C compilers. And I think there may very well be more C code in typical projects with all the cool tools getting used, like Pyrex and such. [snip] The rest of your message provided great information. Thank you very much. -- Patrick K. O'Brien Orbtechhttp://www.orbtech.com Schevo http://www.schevo.org Pypersyst http://www.pypersyst.org -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
help wanted: poser to ogre 3d python script
a community of online 3d developers is looking for a python script writer to write a script to export from poser to ogre3d .mesh/.skeleton formats, using the poser python script interpretor. please reply to [EMAIL PROTECTED]thanks!! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
On 2005-02-20, Ilias Lazaridis <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >> If you would have written: >> >> """ >> Should I take answers serious? Answer from people which do not respect >> coherence of writings? >> """ >> >> it would have been much more coherent. > > I understand. I doubt it. > I still detect the coherence. > > As most people in this group will detect the coherence. You, sir, are a loon. I've detected little coherence in _any_ of your postings. -- Grant Edwards grante Yow! I want to TAKE IT at HOME and DRESS IT UP in visi.comHOT PANTS!! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: introspection inquiry
Michael Hoffman wrote:
Robin Becker wrote:
self.__class__.__name__
Unless I misunderstood the question, that won't work. That will
give you the name of the class the object is an instance is of.
I think he wants the name of the class the method was defined in.
Here's a way to do that using metaclasses and Python's magic
double-underscore attribute-mangling feature:
"""
class SelfKnowledge(type):
def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict):
setattr(cls, "_%s__%s" % (name, "class_name"), name)
type.__init__(cls, name, bases, dict)
class Nietzsche(object):
__metaclass__ = SelfKnowledge
def __init__(self, text):
self.spam = text
print "In the constructor of the %s class" % self.__class_name
class Kierkegaard(Nietzsche):
def __init__(self, text):
print "Now in the constructor of %s" % self.__class_name
Nietzsche.__init__(self, text)
Nietzsche("Thus Spake Zarathustra")
print
Kierkegaard("Fear and Trembling")
"""
$ python test1.py
In the constructor of the Nietzsche class
Now in the constructor of Kierkegaard
In the constructor of the Nietzsche class
I guess if you're right something along the lines of
import inspect
class A:
_class_name=inspect.currentframe().f_code.co_name
def __init__(self,text,_defining_class_name=_class_name):
print 'text=',text,'_defining_class_name=',_defining_class_name
class B(A):
pass
b=B('aaa')
==>text= aaa _defining_class_name= A
could work as well, but if we only need the local name why not just
insert directly.
--
Robin Becker
--
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Re: lambda closure question
Carl Banks wrote: Say you want to calculate a list of points of an iterated fractal. Here's the idea: you have a set of linear transformations. You take the origin (0,0) as the first point, and then apply each transformation in turn to get a new point. You recursively apply each transformation at each additional point, up to a certain depth. I like these kind of things. Ahhh, the best use out of one's computer. What's the best way to write such a function? Using a nested function, it's easy as pie. (Details may be a little wrong) . def ifs(transformations, maxdepth): . def add_point(x,y,angle,depth): . ifspoints.append((x,y,angle)) . if depth < maxdepth: . for t in transformations: . nx = x + t.x*cos(angle) - t.y*sin(angle) . ny = y + t.x*sin(angle) * t.y*cos(angle) . nangle = angle + t.angle . add_point(nx,ny,nangle,depth+1) . ifspoints = [] . add_point(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0) . return ifspoints If you didn't have the nested function, you'd have to pass not only depth, but also maxdepth, transformations, and ifspoints around. I see. Some people complained that you have to use "self." all the time in methods:) If that was lifted the above would be done with a class then? The costly extra feature is this: ### def foo(): def f(): print x x=1 f() x=2 f() return f foo()() # which prints '1 2 2' The fractal code runs a little _slower_ because of this ability. Although the specific program does not take advantage of it! If you had something a little more complex than this, with more than one nested function and more complex pieces of data you'd need to pass around, the savings you get from not having to pass a data structure around and referncing all that data though the structure can be quite a lot. Generally, I believe OOP is a superset of nested functions (as a feature). Nested functions make sense to me as primary python def statements which ``create new code objects with arbitary constants'' When I see : ### def foo(x): def bar(): print x return bar ### and the call: xx = foo(1) I imagine that python runs: def bar(): print 1 xx=bar But alas, it doesn't:( No. It carries around a silly cell object for the rest of its lifetime. see xx.func_closure. At least, I think this is what happens... jfj -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: intersection of 2 list of pairs
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> I have 2 lists of tuples that look like:
> E1=[('a','g'),('r','s')] and
> E2=[('g','a'),('r','q'),('f','h')].
> In this tuple, the ordering does not
> matter, i.e. (u,v) is the same as (v,u).
>
> What I want to do is the following:
> given 2 list of tuples, E1 and E2, I want to create another list with
> tuples that are common to both. So in the above example I would like
> to return ('a','g') as being common.
>
How about
>>> e1 = [('a', 'g'), ('r', 's')]
>>> e2 = [('g', 'a'), ('r', 'q'), ('f', 'h')]
>>> s2 = set(e2)
>>> s2.update((b, a) for (a, b) in e2)
>>> list(set(e1) & s2)
[('a', 'g')]
If you are on 2.3, continue to use Set instead of set and modify the update
line to use a list comprehension:
s2.update([(b, a) for (a, b) in e2])
Peter
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Re: help please
I think there's a problem with the code: py> decode_replacements.update([(std[key], key) for key in std]) py> decode_replacements.update([(ext[key], key) for key in ext]) when i run this i get an error: AttributeError: keys I can't get that figured out -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Ilias Lazaridis wrote: Should I take answers serious? . . . . Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings? - - - I still detect the coherence. As most people in this group will detect the coherence. I don't. The second fragment is not even correct English (it does not have a verb in the main phrase, and Answer is lacking an article). So I have to guess what you could have meant. If you want to be understood, you might have phrased the question like this: "Should I take answers from people which do not respect coherence of writings serious?" Or, if this splits the adjective too much from the verb, you could also write "Should I take answers serious if they come from people which do not respect coherence of writings?" This *still* would not have meant that I had understood the question, since I still don't know what coherence of writings is (as you failed to give a definition when I last asked), but atleast I would have realized that I don't understand the question, and refrained from answering it. Perhaps the question was meant rhetoric. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Ilias Lazaridis wrote: > I understand. no. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
intersection of 2 list of pairs
Hi,
I have 2 lists of tuples that look like:
E1=[('a','g'),('r','s')] and
E2=[('g','a'),('r','q'),('f','h')].
In this tuple, the ordering does not
matter, i.e. (u,v) is the same as (v,u).
What I want to do is the following:
given 2 list of tuples, E1 and E2, I want to create another list with
tuples that are common to both. So in the above example I would like
to return ('a','g') as being common.
So far I have the code below but it does not work out properly, I would
be grateful if someone can help me out .
thanks
def list_of_tuples_intersect(E1,E2):
S1=Set()
S2=Set()
for e in E1:
S1.add((e[0],e[1]))
S1.add((e[1],e[0]))
for e in E2:
S2.add((e[0],e[1]))
S2.add((e[1],e[0]))
S= S1 & S2
SS=Set()
done=Set()
for e in S:
if ((e[0],e[1]) in done) or ((e[1],e[0]) in done):
continue
else:
SS.add((e[0],e[1]))
done.add((e[0],e[1]))
done.add((e[1],e[0]))
return SS
--
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Re: questions concerning cgi.FieldStorage(keep_blank_values=1)
On 20/02/2005 Daniel Lichtenberger wrote: > > any suggestions about how to make form.keys() contain the blank keys > > as well? > > "key1" isn't a valid parameter, to supply an empty key you would write > script.py?key1=&key2=foo > > Then cgi.FieldStorage also includes key1. great, it works. but is there no way to use single keywords as GET argument? bye jonas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Jan Dries wrote: Ilias Lazaridis wrote: [...] - (things which justify inability of coherence-detection) If you would have written: """ Should I take answers serious? Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings? """ it would have been much more coherent. I understand. Let's see: - Should I take answers serious? . . . . Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings? - - - I still detect the coherence. As most people in this group will detect the coherence. [Except if you want to ignore it, thus you can get at least _one_ 'points' ins this discussion] Regards, Jan . -- http://lazaridis.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: questions concerning cgi.FieldStorage(keep_blank_values=1)
Hi, Jonas Meurer wrote: > if i request the script with script.py?key1&key2=foo, it will output: > list keys with form.keys(): > key2 > > any suggestions about how to make form.keys() contain the blank keys > as well? "key1" isn't a valid parameter, to supply an empty key you would write script.py?key1=&key2=foo Then cgi.FieldStorage also includes key1. bye, Daniel -- For mail replies please use my address from http://perplex.schmumpf.de/ http://www.gametective.de/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Ilias Lazaridis wrote: they above 2 questions are coherent, thus answering isolated [as you've done] makes not much sense. " >> Should I take answers serious? >> Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings? " Except that the quote here above is NOT what was in your original posting. Here is the *real* quote (also note that Python uses """ instead of " for delimiting a multi-line string: """ Should I take answers serious? Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings? """ If you insert a blank line between two sentences most people in this newsgroup (and in the western world in general) will interprete that as the start of a new paragraph, as an indication that what follows is something different than what precedes the blank line. If you want to obtain "coherence of writing" between two sentences, then maybe you shouldn't type them as different paragraphs. If you would have written: """ Should I take answers serious? Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings? """ it would have been much more coherent. Regards, Jan -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [Fwd: Re: [Uuu-devel] languages] <-- Why Python
> "Donn" == Donn Cave <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
Donn> I don't know what the Windows version is like, but for all
Donn> the UNIX shell's weaknesses, it's very well suited to its
Donn> role. The Plan 9
I don't know about that - I don't see anything in shell that couldn't
be done better in Python (well, launching subshells perhaps, and the
smaller size == faster launch). The Windows incarnation is obviously
so horrible that it hardly deserves mention, but the scripts done with
unix shell also always have this "hackish" flavour.
(I'm aware that this is an unpopular opinion that is likely to collect
some flames, but some people never learn ;-).
Donn> shell (rc) is similar with much improved syntax, and has a
Donn> distant relative "es" that I think is the closest thing I've
Donn> ever seen to a 1st class language that works as a shell
I assume you've tried IPython ('ipython -p pysh')? I just apt-getted
es and it seems to be like ipython, only for scheme.
Donn> Well, honestly I think that's stretching it. Your order
Donn> issue here seems to apply only to operators, and they don't
Donn> really figure that heavily in the kinds of things we
Donn> normally do with the OS. The only
I think they do - summing sets of files, adding extensions to
filenames, etc.
Donn> Now, we Python users know very well that's not true, Python's as clear
Donn> as could be. But theoretically, if you wanted to talk about order
Donn> issues, for example ... is it really easier to understand when a
language
Donn> sometimes expresses a function f over x and y this way
Donn> f(x, y)
Donn> sometimes this way (+ is a function, really)
Donn> x f y
Donn> and sometimes this way
Donn> x.f(y)
Donn> ?
Yes - operators like + and - are very intuitive to everybody. Having
only one way to call functions is more orthogonal and "cleaner" in a
theoretical sense, but noi in practical sense.
Donn> I don't know, I'm just thinking that while Python's notation
Donn> might be just fine for people who've gotten here the way
Donn> most of us have, it's not obvious from this that it's just
Donn> fine 4 everyone.
Perhaps not for everyone but for the majority I guess the python
notation would be more suitable.
--
Ville Vainio http://tinyurl.com/2prnb
--
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questions concerning cgi.FieldStorage(keep_blank_values=1)
hello, i'm quite new to python. currently i try to write a web application with python cgi scripts. in this application, i need keys to be delivered with the url, some with and some without value (for example 'script.py?key1&key2=foo'. i've searched the internet, and already figured out that i need to give non-empty keep_blank_values as argument to cgi.FieldStorage, to make it not cut all the empty keywords. anyway, this still doesn't work really good: ---snip--- form = cgi.FieldStorage(keep_blank_values=1) print 'list keys with form.keys():' keys = form.keys() keys.sort() for key in keys: print key ---snip--- if i request the script with script.py?key1&key2=foo, it will output: list keys with form.keys(): key2 any suggestions about how to make form.keys() contain the blank keys as well? bye jonas -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
[snip, Ilias would not understand it] > P.S. if Ilias volunteers, or offers to pay someone to do this, instead of just > complaining, will hell freeze over?) Nick, There is about as much chance of hell freezing over as there is of England beating Australia in the cricket this summer. [I'am a half-caste, English father, Welsh mother. Makes it worse when you are watching rugby :)] To get back to Ilias, people on c.l.py have already pointed out that he has been banned from other mailing lists, responds to 99% of assistance with "not relevant", "off topic", or some similar garbage, and obviously has no intention of actually delivering anything to anybody. See c.l.clipper.visual-objects amognst other ngs for their opinion on this megastar. Me, I use Python to write simple programs to suit my own needs. I have never in the last three/four years needed to ask a question because the documentation provided is perfectly adequate for me, failing which Google this ng for an answer. Ilias, If you can't stand the heat, get out of the server room. Kindest regards. Mark Lawrence. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: [EVALUATION] - E02 - Support for MinGW Open Source Compiler
Martin v. Löwis wrote:
Ilias Lazaridis wrote:
Should I take answers serious?
If not, why are you asking questions in the first place?
simply read the next question, which limits the scope of the first one.
Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings?
Coherence of writings?
An example:
they above 2 questions are coherent, thus answering isolated [as you've
done] makes not much sense.
"
>> Should I take answers serious?
>> Answer from people which do not respect coherence of writings?
"
[answering here makes sense]
Should a professional developer take python serious?
Yes.
I mean, if the team does not manage at least the foundation of a
multi-target automated-build-process?
If the team *would* not manage at least the foundation of a
multi-target automated-build-process, a professional developer
*should* not take python serious.
Very nice.
At this point, we agree very much.
However, since the team *does* manage at least the foundation of
a multi-target automated-build-process, a professional developer
*might* take python serious.
here our disagreement:
=> {"managing the foundation of a multi-target automated-build-process"}
What are the requirements for fulfilling this?
[a false premise can imply anything]
again you ignore coherent writings.
-
You have omitted the following part of my writings:
"[targets need not to be supported directly by the python team. They
could be added/managed/maintained by community members]"
in which I essentially define a few requirements for "managing the
foundation of a multi-target automated-build-process".
-
The python team should provide the fundamental infrastructure for the
community, thus it can add/manage/maintain build targets.
Additionally:
* The python-team should detect any efforts made for different
build-targets
* The python-team should attract/engourage the authors to include
them in the main build-system [incubation section].
The python-community and the PSF supports the python-team to take the
above actions.
Regards,
Martin
.
--
http://lazaridis.com
--
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Re: Real-Time Fluid Dynamics for Games...
Your two email addresses bouce emails back, so I post a shortened version of my comment here. I haven't installed: PyOpenGL-2.0.2.01.py2.4-numpy23 glut-3.7.6 Therefore at the moment I cannot try your interesting code. What's the speed of this Python code on your computer? I'd like to see a screenshoot of the running Python Program... Some people are doing in Python some things that require lots of computations, like: http://www.joachim-bauch.de/projects/python/pytrace Bye, Bearophile -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: introspection inquiry
John Roth wrote: If that's the case, then the inspect module should give the tools to do it without a great deal of angst. Unfortunately, it doesn't give you the class that defined the method, just the class that invoked it. Are you saying that the inspect module *should* give you the tools to do it but does not? -- Michael Hoffman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: introspection inquiry
Diez B. Roggisch wrote:
>[Michael Hoffman]:
Unless I misunderstood the question, that won't work. That will
give you the name of the class the object is an instance is of.
I think he wants the name of the class the method was defined in.
Where is the difference? The method is defined in a class - and an instance
is created from that class.
This works as expected:
class ExistentialCrisis:
def __init__(self, text):
self.spam = text
print 'In the constructor of the %s class' % self.__class__.__name__
ExistentialCrisis("egal")
Yes, but this doesn't work if you have a subclass:
"""
class ExistentialCrisisSubclass(ExistentialCrisis):
def __init__(self, text):
print "New constructor"
ExistentialCrisis.__init__(self, text)
ExistentialCrisisSubclass("whoa")
"""
gives you:
New constructor
In the constructor of the ExistentialCrisisSubclass class
But the second line is *not* in the constructor of
ExistentialCrisisSubclass, it is in the constructor of ExistentialCrisis.
while I read the original post as saying that he wanted
"ExistentialCrisis" there instead. Indeed this example
--
Michael Hoffman
--
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Re: introspection inquiry
"Michael Hoffman" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Robin Becker wrote: self.__class__.__name__ Unless I misunderstood the question, that won't work. That will give you the name of the class the object is an instance is of. I think he wants the name of the class the method was defined in. If that's the case, then the inspect module should give the tools to do it without a great deal of angst. Unfortunately, it doesn't give you the class that defined the method, just the class that invoked it. John Roth -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: introspection inquiry
> Unless I misunderstood the question, that won't work. That will
> give you the name of the class the object is an instance is of.
> I think he wants the name of the class the method was defined in.
Where is the difference? The method is defined in a class - and an instance
is created from that class.
This works as expected:
class ExistentialCrisis:
def __init__(self, text):
self.spam = text
print 'In the constructor of the %s class' % self.__class__.__name__
ExistentialCrisis("egal")
--
Regards,
Diez B. Roggisch
--
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Re: introspection inquiry
Robin Becker wrote:
self.__class__.__name__
Unless I misunderstood the question, that won't work. That will
give you the name of the class the object is an instance is of.
I think he wants the name of the class the method was defined in.
Here's a way to do that using metaclasses and Python's magic
double-underscore attribute-mangling feature:
"""
class SelfKnowledge(type):
def __init__(cls, name, bases, dict):
setattr(cls, "_%s__%s" % (name, "class_name"), name)
type.__init__(cls, name, bases, dict)
class Nietzsche(object):
__metaclass__ = SelfKnowledge
def __init__(self, text):
self.spam = text
print "In the constructor of the %s class" % self.__class_name
class Kierkegaard(Nietzsche):
def __init__(self, text):
print "Now in the constructor of %s" % self.__class_name
Nietzsche.__init__(self, text)
Nietzsche("Thus Spake Zarathustra")
print
Kierkegaard("Fear and Trembling")
"""
$ python test1.py
In the constructor of the Nietzsche class
Now in the constructor of Kierkegaard
In the constructor of the Nietzsche class
--
Michael Hoffman
--
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Re: segfault when calling Python from C thread
Greg Chapman wrote:
> Your callback function needs to hold the Python GIL (and have a vaild
> threadstate) before it calls any Python C-API functions. Change the
> last part of it to:
>
>PyGILState_STATE state;
>
>/* ... */
>
>/* Time to call the callback */
>
>state = PyGILState_Ensure();
>
>arglist = Py_BuildValue("(s)", str);
>result = PyEval_CallObject(my_callback, arglist);
>Py_DECREF(arglist);
>if(result == NULL)
>return;
>Py_DECREF(result);
>
>PyGILState_Release(state);
> }
you might wish to make sure you release the GIL even if the callback
raises an exception...
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Re: BaseHTTPServer threading using SocketServer.ThreadingMixIn
"Tortelini" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes: > I am making custom web server using HTTPServer and want to be able to > access it simultaneously from different computers. To achieve > multithreading, I have been experimenting with ThreadingMixIn from > SocketServer, but it doesn't seem to work, One common error is to define your class as something like: class myServer(HTTPServer, ThreadingMixin): ... You have to put ThreadingMixin first, since it overrides methods of TCPServer: class myServer(ThreadingMixin, HTTPServer): ... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: segfault when calling Python from C thread
Travis Berg wrote:
>
> I'm running into a problem when trying to perform a callback to a
> Python function from a C extension. Specifically, the callback is
> being made by a pthread that seems to cause the problem. If I call
> the callback from the parent process, it works fine. The PyObject is
> static, and holds the same value in both Parent and thread, so I'm at
> a loss as to what would be different in the pthread from the parent
> that would cause a segfault on the callback. The machine specifics
> are an x86 intel processor with RedHat linux.
>
>
> /* calling callback */
> void callback(char * str) {
> PyObject *arglist;
> PyObject *result;
> if(str == NULL)
> return;
>
> if(my_callback == NULL) {
> printf("no callback function provided, returning...\n");
> return;
> }
>
> /* Time to call the callback */
> arglist = Py_BuildValue("(s)", str);
> result = PyEval_CallObject(my_callback, arglist);
> Py_DECREF(arglist);
> if(result == NULL)
> return;
> Py_DECREF(result);
> }
Your callback function needs to hold the Python GIL (and have a vaild
threadstate) before it calls any Python C-API functions. Change the
last part of it to:
PyGILState_STATE state;
/* ... */
/* Time to call the callback */
state = PyGILState_Ensure();
arglist = Py_BuildValue("(s)", str);
result = PyEval_CallObject(my_callback, arglist);
Py_DECREF(arglist);
if(result == NULL)
return;
Py_DECREF(result);
PyGILState_Release(state);
}
Also, somewhere in your main thread you should call PyEval_InitThreads
before any of the callback threads execute. (This call is made
automatically if you are creating new threads using Python's thread
module, but if the new threads are created by some C code, you need to
call it yourself.)
---
Greg Chapman
--
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Re: [ANN] Python 2.4 Quick Reference available
François Pinard wrote:
[Nick Coghlan]
George Sakkis wrote:
Still the word "open" sounds too general if the meaning is "open
a file-like object"; OTOH this could be a good thing if in some
future version "open('http://www.python.org')" was e.g. an alias to
urllib2.urlopen.
Exactly the reason the BDFL gave for preferring 'open' - it may be extended
to opening other types of objects than files.
So, when we *know* we are opening a file, `file' cannot be a bad choice! :-)
Moreover, practically, most of the times, we know we are opening a file.
`open' is opened (sic!) for some future magic. I prefer to protect my
programs against future magic, until this magic is precisely specified.
I agree. I don't want users to be able to specify URLs instead of
filenames unless I explicitly allow it.
To be honest I doubt open will be extended in this manner. I can see
the Pythoneers adding, say, a keyword argument to open to allow a URL
instead, but just changing the current behavior would be too risky. Plus,
what happens if I have a file named "http://www.python.org/";?
--
Michael Hoffman
--
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Re: introspection inquiry
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: ... My question is this: what can be substituted for that will make the example above work? self.__class__.__name__ -- Robin Becker -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
